Academic Workout Tables of Contents

LEVELS 6 8 Academic Workout Tables of Contents Reading 6th Grade 7th Grade 8th Grade Reading Strategies Reading Strategies Reading Strategies 1. Questioning 1. Setting a Purpose and Previewing 1. Previewing 2. Activating Prior Knowledge 2. Relating to Personal Experience 2. Using Graphic Organizers 3. Predicting 3. Making and Confirming Predictions 3. Reacting and Connecting 4. Reacting and Connecting 4. Monitoring Your Understanding 4. Clarifying and Questioning 5. Taking Notes 5. Visualizing 5. Paraphrasing 6. Summarizing 6. Skimming 6. Outlining 7. Visualizing 7. Outlining 7. Rereading 8. Paraphrasing 8. Skimming and Scanning 9. Summarizing Text Structure Text Structure Text Structure 8. Sequence 10. Chronological Order 9. Spatial Order 9. Comparison-Contrast 11. Cause-Effect 10. Classification 10. Cause-Effect 12. Process 11. Induction and Deduction 11. Classification 13. Comparison-Contrast 12. Order of Importance Comprehension Skills Comprehension Skills Comprehension Skills 12. Main Idea and Supporting Details 14. Main Idea and Supporting Details 13. Implied Main Idea 13. Making an Inference 15. Inferences and Conclusions 14. Drawing Conclusions 14. Author s Purpose & Point of View 16. Using Text Evidence 15. Facts and Opinions 15. Facts and Opinions 17. Generalizations 16. Comparing and Contrasting Texts 16. Reading Critically 18. Reading Critically 17. Persuasive Techniques 17. Evaluating 19. Author s Purpose and Perspective 2 Academic Workout www.curriculumassociates.com

Vocabulary 6th Grade 7th Grade 8th Grade Word Power Word Power Word Power 18. Context Clues 20. Context Clues 18. Context Clues 19. Homophones 21. Synonyms and Connotations 19. Connotations and Denotations 20. Multiple-meaning Words 22. Idioms, Slang, and Dialect 20. Formal and Informal Language 21. Using a Dictionary 23. Using a Dictionary 21. Using a Thesaurus 22. Word Origins 24. Analogies 22. Analogies and Arguments Word Parts Word Parts Word Parts 23. Prefixes 25. Prefixes 23. Influences on Language 24. Suffixes 26. Suffixes 24. Word Derivatives 25. Roots 27. Greek and Latin Roots 25. Anglo-Saxon, Greek, and Latin Roots Literature 6th Grade 7th Grade 8th Grade Focus on Fiction Focus on Fiction Focus on Fiction 26. Plot 28. Plot and Conflict 26. Plot Organization 27. Character 29. Characterization 27. Setting and Mood 28. Setting 30. Kinds of Narrators 28. Characters and Theme 29. Theme 31. Theme and Theme Statements 29. Historical Fiction 30. First-person Point of View 32. Myth and Legend 30. Fantasy and Science Fiction 31. Third-person Point of View 33. Folktale and Fable 31. Tales Focus on Nonfiction Focus on Nonfiction Focus on Nonfiction 32. Visuals 34. Maps 32. Graphs and Tables 33. Parts of a Book 35. Graphs 33. Narrative Nonfiction 34. Biography 36. Formal and Informal Essays 34. Essay 35. Autobiography 37. Magazine Article 35. Autobiographical Writing 36. Newspaper Article 38. Biographical Writing 36. Reading a Website 39. Workplace and Consumer Material Focus on Poetry and Drama Focus on Poetry and Drama Focus on Poetry and Drama 37. Rhyme 40. Sound Devices 37. Repetition of Sounds 38. Rhythm 41. Rhythm and Meter 38. Poetic Structure 39. Structure and Shape 42. Types of Poetry 39. Forms of Poetry 40. Parts of a Play 43. Reading Plays 40. Dialogue and Monologue 41. Dialogue and Dialect Elements of Literature Elements of Literature Elements of Literature 42. Metaphor and Simile 44. Foreshadowing and Flashbacks 41. Tone and Irony 43. Word Choice and Repetition 45. Imagery 42. Point of View 44. Mood and Tone 46. Irony 43. Symbolism and Allusion 45. Symbolism 47. Personification and Hyperbole 44. Figurative Language 46. Sensory Details 48. Style 45. Sensory Language and Imagery 800 225 0248 Tables of Contents 3

LEVELS 6 8 Writing 6th Grade 7th Grade 8th Grade Writing Process Writing Process Writing Process and Strategies 47. Prewriting 49. Prewriting 46. Understanding Audience and Purpose 48. Drafting 50. Drafting 47. Revising 49. Revising 51. Revising 48. Editing and Proofreading 50. Editing and Proofreading 52. Editing and Proofreading 49. Evaluating with a Rubric 50. Writing from Models Effective Paragraphs, Effective Paragraphs, Effective Paragraphs, Sentences, and Words Sentences, and Words Sentences, and Words 51. Paragraph Parts 53. Paragraph Parts 51. Supporting a Thesis 52. Paragraph Development & Details 54. Paragraph Development and Details 52. Introductions 53. Organization and Transition 55. Organization and Transitions 53. Conclusions 54. Sentence Variety 56. Sentence Variety 54. Sentence Style 55. Precise Words 58. Formal and Informal English 55. Word Choice 56. Formal and Informal English Modes and Forms of Writing Forms of Writing Forms of Writing 57. Narrative Writing 59. Personal Narrative 56. Biography 58. Descriptive Writing 60. Poem 57. Expository Essay 59. Expository Writing 61. Persuasive Essay 58. Technical Writing 60. Persuasive Writing 62. Literary Interpretation 59. Review 61. Story 63. Business Letter 60. Editorial 62. Expository Essay 64. Research Report 61. Literary Analysis 63. Friendly Letter 62. Multimedia Report 64. Response to Literature 65. Research Report 4 Academic Workout www.curriculumassociates.com

Grammar, Usage, Mechanics, and Spelling 6th Grade 7th Grade 8th Grade Sentence Basics Sentence Basics Sentence Basics 66. Sentence Parts 65. Complete Sentences 63. Basic Sentence Patterns 67. Phrases and Clauses 66. Independent and Dependent Clauses 64. Sentence Structure 68. Fragments 67. Sentence Types 65. Fragments and Run-ons 69. Run-ons 68. Parts of Speech 66. Subject-Verb Agreement 70. Parts of Speech Grammar and Usage Grammar and Usage Grammar and Usage 71. Subject-Verb Agreement 69. Subject-Verb Agreement 67. Pronoun Usage 72. Plurals 70. Pronouns and Antecedents 68. Types of Pronouns 73. Possessives 71. Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers 69. Common and Irregular Verbs 74. Subject and Object Pronouns 72. Plurals 70. Verbals 75. Regular and Irregular Verbs 73. Possessives 71. Troublesome Verb Pairs 76. Verb Tenses 74. Active and Passive Voice 72. Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases 77. Adjectives and Adverbs 75. Comparing with Adjectives & Adverbs Punctuation, Mechanics, Punctuation, Mechanics, Punctuation, Mechanics, and Spelling and Spelling and Spelling 78. Commas 76. Commas 73. Using Adjectives and Adverbs 79. Colons and Semicolons 77. Colons and Semicolons 74. Commas 80. Capitalization 78. Quotation Marks 75. Apostrophes 81. Spelling 79. Capitalization 76. Hyphens and Dashes 80. Problem Word Pairs 77. Direct and Indirect Quotations 78. Abbreviations and Titles 79. Improving Your Spelling Academic and Study Skills 6th Grade 7th Grade 8th Grade Study and Test-taking Study and Test-taking Study and Test-taking Strategies Strategies Strategies 82. Using Graphic Organizers 81. Activating Prior Knowledge 80. Reviewing and Summarizing 83. Outlining 82. Planning Your Time 81. Taking and Organizing Notes 84. Preparing for and Taking Tests 83. Following Directions 82. Types of Questions 85. Writing Tests and Writing Prompts 84. Objective Tests 83. Directions and Questions 85. Essay Tests 84. Writing Tests Research Skills Research Skills Research Skills 86. Research Topics and Questions 86. Types of Resources 85. Using the Internet 87. Locating Resources: Online Searches 87. Primary and Secondary Sources 86. Synthesizing Multiple Sources 88. Locating Resources: Library Catalogs 88. Organizing Your Notes 87. Using Visuals and Multimedia 89. Evaluating Sources 89. Paraphrasing vs. Quoting 88. Locating and Selecting Sources 90. Citing Sources 90. Documenting Sources 89. Reliability of Sources 90. Documentation Styles and Formats 800 225 0248 Tables of Contents 5

WRITING LEVEL 7 TEACHER S GUIDE LESSON 61. Persuasive Essay Standards Writing Academic and Study Skills Plan a persuasive essay Form and support opinions Select a subject Reading Support a position Use text evidence as support Use an introduction and a conclusion 1 Introduce Introduce the topic by writing the following sentences on the board: New York City is a great place to open a restaurant. New York City is the best city in which to live in the United States. New York City has the largest population of any city in the U.S. ASK: Which statement do you think would be the easiest to prove? Students should say the third statement because it is a fact based on statistics. ASK: Which statement would be the most difficult to prove? Students should say the second statement because it is opinion, and there are no facts to prove it. Tell students that this lesson is about how to present facts and opinions in a persuasive essay. First Choice Education Group. All rights reserved. 2 Teach As you read the overhead aloud, check students understanding of the academic vocabulary. ASK: Why is it a good idea to anticipate objections in a persuasive essay? (because it takes away some of the force of arguments the reader might make against the author s position) 61. Persuasive Essay A persuasive essay attempts to influence a reader s thinking. It may try to convince the reader to think in a certain way or take action. Read and discuss the Model. Key elements of successful, well-written persuasive essays include: ASK: How might the author s position be supported by facts, anecdotes, statistics, or expert opinions? Ask students to provide examples. WRITING Argument and Evidence Reasons based on survey results appear in the first paragraph. 1. a clearly stated opinion or position on an issue, presented in the introduction and summarized in the conclusion. 2. strong arguments, reasons, and/or evidence (such as examples, facts, statistics, or expert findings) presented in a logical order. 3. convincing, appropriate language and a reasonable tone (that avoids negative or insulting language or emotion). 4. anticipation of possible objections and an attempt to answer them. Model Clearly Stated Position There is no doubt how the writer feels about this debatable issue. Young people should be included on the planning committee for the new youth center. Recent community surveys show that a center planned by adults is unlikely to meet the needs of young people. Teenagers have clearly said they won t use a center that doesn t meet their needs. Some people may argue that young people aren t mature enough to help with the planning. But past experiences suggest that simply isn t true. Consider how valuable their contributions were when West Park was redesigned. Anticipate Objections Acknowledge and answer any arguments. LISTENING AND SPEAKING EXTENSION Standard: Organize arguments for a debate Explain that a debate is similar to a persuasive essay because the 2 teams take opposing positions on an issue and provide reasonable arguments to support their positions. Point out that one doesn t have to agree with a position to debate it. The winner of a debate is the team that presents the best collection of arguments. Did you mention... that words that evoke an emotional response should be avoided in a persuasive essay based on reason? Use of derogatory terms is a form of name-calling. For example, do you describe a leader as aggressive or assertive? Is a part of town neglected or a slum? Have the class select a current topic of interest to debate. Then organize the class into groups of 6. Randomly assign 3 students to argue in favor of the issue and 3 to take the opposite position. Students should brainstorm possible arguments and then make a list of the supporting evidence. Encourage students to use a variety of supporting details and consider opposing arguments. First Choice Education Group. All rights reserved. 12 Academic Workout www.curriculumassociates.com

evidence facts, quotes, examples, and other information supporting an opinion; information helpful in forming a conclusion or judgment logical order series or sequence that makes sense, where one idea flows naturally into the next objections reasons against something or objecting to something persuasive intended to change or influence opinion position point of view or opinion on an issue tone attitude a writer takes in a piece of writing or toward a subject; way of speaking 142 Academic Workout Student Practice 108 Academic Workout Assessment Book 3 WRITING Name: 61. Persuasive Essay Review Key Points A persuasive essay tries to influence a reader s thinking by convincing him or Academic Vocabulary her to think in a certain way or take action. Key elements of a persuasive essay include: 1. a clearly stated opinion or position on an issue 2. strong arguments, reasons, and/or evidence presented in a logical order 3. convincing, appropriate language and a reasonable tone 4. anticipation of possible objections and an attempt to answer them A Identify Clearly Stated Positions Explain whether each sentence does or doesn t state a clear position on a debatable issue. If a sentence isn t a clearly stated position statement, tell why not. 1. The grading system in math doesn t accurately reflect the students knowledge. 4 Practice Student Practice pages 142 145 2. Our school was named after William McKinley, president of the United States from 1897 1901. 3. Someone needs to do something about the garbage around McKinley Junior High. 4. Extending the school day by one hour would eliminate the need for homework. 5. City taxes should be raised so that there is money to expand the school band program. 6. Many people wonder why the spring dance was canceled. WRITING Name: Date: Review 61. PERSUASIVE ESSAY Read the following excerpt from a persuasive essay. Then answer the questions. First Choice Education Group. All rights reserved. Less-Proficient Readers and English Learners Read aloud Review Key Points with students, pausing to explain and discuss each point. Work through Parts A and B with students. Then have partners complete Parts C, D, and E. On-Level Learners After students complete Parts A and B, have them work in small groups to find evidence in the passage in B to support their answers. The same groups can brainstorm additional ideas for persuasive essays before students complete Parts C, D, and E. Advanced Learners Ask students to complete the 4 practice pages. Then have students discuss their plans and give each other feedback. Assess Use the Quick Assess and Student Practice to monitor how well students grasped the lesson. Remind students to check off the I can... statements on Student Practice page 145. People go to movies to escape the irritations sticking popcorn in our ears, we have no choice of the real world. Nowadays, people are forced but to take in whatever is transmitted. Advertisers to watch fifteen minutes of television such as must love that. commercials advertising soft drinks and luxury We already pay overpriced admission fees to see cars, before the movie starts. This bombardment the movies we love. In 2004, the average movie of advertising completely spoils the escape that admission fee ranged from eight to twelve dollars. movies once offered. That s a lot of money. Not to mention the inflated As moviegoers, we are a captive audience who prices we must pay for refreshments at the snack are force-fed these unwelcome messages. Unlike bar. So, why do movie theater owners make us radio and television commercials, there is no watch annoying commercials? channel to change. Short of shutting our eyes and 1. What is the writer s position in this essay? 2. Write a possible objection that the writer should anticipate. WRITING Name: Quiz 61. PERSUASIVE ESSAY Circle the best answer for each question. 1. A persuasive essay attempts to 3. A successful, well-written essay should include A influence a reader s thinking. A a clearly stated position. B entertain a reader. B strong arguments, reasons, and/or evidence. C describe an autobiographical experience. C a reasonable tone. D all of the above D all of the above 2. An effective persuasive essay doesn t need 4. When writing a persuasive essay, you should evidence to support the writer s position. anticipate possible objections to your position. A True A True B False B False First Choice Education Group. All rights reserved. Quick Assess ASK: What should a strong position statement for a persuasive essay include? What are some supporting details you might use in a persuasive essay? Discuss students ideas. For students who need extra practice, assign the Review activity on page 108 in the Assessment Book. Other students can move on to the Quiz on that same page. First Choice Education Group. All rights reserved. USING OTHER LITERATURE To give students practice with persuasive essays, help them compare and contrast 2 essays from newspapers or magazines. You might also find persuasive essays suitable for the level of your students in a collection for adults, such as Best American Essays by Robert Atwan. Have students select an essay as a model to use for writing a persuasive essay. USING OTHER LESSONS Overhead 36 explains the difference between formal and informal essays and points out that persuasive essays are usually formal in tone. Use Overhead 55 to go over the kinds of elaboration students can use in writing essays, such as facts and statistics, anecdotes, and examples. Use Overhead 85 to explain that a persuasive essay is one type of essay students may be asked to write on an essay test. Literature Overhead 36: Formal and Informal Essays Student Practice pp. 86 87 Persuasive Essay Writing Overhead 55: Elaborating Student Practice pp. 128 129 Academic and Study Skills Overhead 85: Essay Tests Student Practice pp. 198 201 800 225 0248 Teacher s Guide 13

LEVEL 7 STUDENT PRACTICE LESSON 14 Academic Workout www.curriculumassociates.com

800 225 0248 Student Practice 15

LEVEL 7 STUDENT PRACTICE LESSON 16 Academic Workout www.curriculumassociates.com

800 225 0248 Student Practice 17

WRITI N G 61. Persuasive Essay A persuasive essay attempts to influence a reader s thinking. It may try to convince the reader to think in a certain way or take action. Key elements of successful, well-written persuasive essays include: a clearly stated opinion or position on an issue, presented in the introduction and summarized in the conclusion. strong arguments, reasons, and/or evidence (such as examples, facts, statistics, or expert findings) presented in a logical order. convincing, appropriate language and a reasonable tone (that avoids negative or insulting language or emotion). anticipation of possible objections and an attempt to answer them. Clearly Stated Position There is no doubt how the writer feels about this debatable issue. Young people should be included on the planning committee First Choice Education Group. All rights reserved. Argument and Evidence Reasons based on survey results appear in the first paragraph. for the new youth center. Recent community surveys show that a center planned by adults is unlikely to meet the needs of young people. Teenagers have clearly said they won t use a center that doesn t meet their needs. Some people may argue that young people aren t mature enough to help with the planning. But past experiences suggest that simply isn t true. Consider how valuable their contributions were when West Park was redesigned. Anticipate Objections Acknowledge and answer any arguments.