Lean IT Foundation Examination Syllabus V 1.0 (live) 9 September, 2011
INTRODUTION This document will explain the structure of the Lean IT Foundation course, the learning objectives and information relevant for the examination. LEVEL OF DIFFIULTY All APMG qualifications use the Bloom s taxonomy in both the construction of the learning units and in the examination; therefore this syllabus is also based on this approach. A learning taxonomy is a scale of the degree of difficulty in the learning process. These levels apply to the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains of learning. In the Lean IT Qualification Scheme, we deal particularly with the cognitive sphere and some levels of the affective domain. Bloom defines six levels of learning in the OGNITIVE domain which are both sequential and cumulative. They move from the simple to the complex. This implies that, in order to achieve the sixth level of learning for example, the instructor must ensure that the previous five levels have been mastered. OGNITIVE The KNOWING level: Here the student is able to bring to mind or remember the appropriate material. The behavioral tasks associated with this level tax the student s memory and include such tasks as defining, recalling, listing, recognizing, describing, and naming. The OMPREHENDING stage: Here the student is able to understand or grasp the meaning of what is being communicated and make use of the idea without relating it to other ideas or materials and without seeing the fullest possible meaning or translation of the idea. Behavioural tasks at this level would include stating in the students own words, giving examples of, illustrating, inferring, summarizing and interpreting. These actions involve the knowing which has taken place at the first level. The APPLYING level: Here the student should be able to use ideas, principles and theories in new, particular and concrete situations. Behavioural tasks at this level involve both knowing and comprehension, and might include choosing appropriate procedures, applying principles, using an approach or identifying the selection of options. The ANALYZING level: This is the fourth level of learning described by Bloom. At this level the student is able to break down a communication (rendered in any form) into constituent parts in AFFETIVE The REEIVING level: Awareness, willingness the hear, selected attention The RESPONDING level: Active participation on the part of the learners. Attends and reacts to a particular phenomenon. Learning outcomes may emphasize compliance in responding, willingness to respond or satisfaction in responding (motivation). The VALUING level: The worth or value a person attaches to a particular object, phenomenon of behavior. This ranges from simple acceptance of the more complex state of commitment. Valuing is based in the internalization of a set of specified values, while clues to these values are expressed in the learner s overt behavior and are often identifiable. The ORGANIZATIONAL level: Organizes values into priorities by contrasting different values, resolving conflicts between them, and creating an unique value system. The emphasis is on 1
order to make the organization and significance of the whole clear. Breaking down, discriminating, drawing diagrams, detecting, differentiating and illustrating are important behavioral tasks at this level and can be seen to include the previous levels of knowing, comprehending and applying. Here the significance of the constituent parts of an entity are examined in order to understand the whole more fully. The SYNTHESIS level: At this level, the student is able to re-assemble the various parts or elements of a concept into a unified organization or whole. This re-assembling and making sense of small parts is a crucial factor in intelligence and learning. Behavioural tasks at this level would include creating, writing and designing, combining, composing, organizing, revising, and planning. For this level of learning to occur, it must include the first four levels knowing, comprehending, analyzing and applying. This level of learning is probably the most intense and exciting for student and teacher alike. comparing, relating and synthesizing values. The level of INTERNALIZING: Has a value system that controls their behavior. The behavior is pervasive, consistent, predictable and most importantly characteristic of het learner. Instructional objectives are concerned with the student s general patterns of adjustment (personal. Social, emotional) The EVALUATING phase: In this phase, the student is able to arrive at an overview and to judge the value and relative merit of ideas or procedures by using appropriate criteria. At this level of learning the student will be able to compare, judge, appraise, justify, criticize and contrast theories, procedures, methods and concepts. This level involves mastery of the five previous levels of knowing, comprehending, applying, analyzing, and synthesizing. 2
Lean IT Foundation Lean IT Intermediate Lean IT Expert Lean IT Transformation Lean IT Manager The following table illustrates the use of the taxonomy in Lean IT professional qualifications. Bloom Level Bloom taxonomy 1 2 3 4 5 OGNITIVE Knowing AFFETIVE Receiving OGNITIVE omprehending AFFETIVE Responding OGNITIVE Applying AFFETIVE Valuing OGNITIVE Analyzing AFFETIVE Organize OGNITIVE Synthesis AFFETIVE Internalizing 6 OGNITIVE - Evaluating ERTIFIATION This qualification syllabus relates to the Lean IT Foundation course. The purpose of the Lean IT Foundation certificate is to certify that the candidate has gained knowledge of the Lean IT terminology, structure and basic concepts and has comprehended the core principles of Lean IT practices. The Lean IT Foundation ertificate is intended to enable the holders of the certificate to apply the Lean IT practices under guidance of a Lean expert. This qualification will examine according to the Bloom level assigned to each syllabus learning unit within the Lean It curriculum. This means that a student must be prepared to be tested up to and including that level for any question related to that learning unit or units. Building on experience that APMG have in testing other products on an international basis, the examination format, uses a combination of simple multi choice questions at Bloom s level one and two, and more complex scenario and questions at Bloom s level three and four, with a corresponding series of possible answers. Each is constructed to test a student s ability up to and including the Bloom level associated with the syllabus-learning unit to which the question is mapped. Instructors should ensure that the Lean IT training includes elements of the theory and offers discussion, practical exercises and instruction which ensure a valuable learning experience. The modules are expected to provide a practical level of proficiency which will enable students to utilize the knowledge learned on return to their work environment. The examinations test the student s proficiency in applying the knowledge they have learned in the course to select the correct sequence of possible answers. 3
SYLLABUS PRESENTATION Each of the subject areas is presented in a similar format as follows: 1. Syllabus area: Related to the core books 2. The learning outcomes: What candidates will have to do in order to demonstrate competency in that topic for each level of examination 3. Difficulty level: lassification of the difficulty level of each topic against the Learning Outcomes Assessment Model TARGET GROUP The target group for the Lean IT Foundation course is: any member of an IT organization; IT professionals who are working within an organization that has adopted and adapted Lean IT. Upon completion of the education and examination related to this qualification, the successful candidate will be familiar with the principles of the Lean philosophy and in special with the application of this philosophy with in an IT-environment. LEARNING OBJETIVES Upon successful completion of the education and examination components related to this qualification, candidates: are familiar with the concept of Lean, such as: - The originating and development of the Lean philosophy - Key elements of Lean - Understand and identify the concept of waste, variability and inflexibility have considerable knowledge of Lean: - ustomer value, Voice of the ustomer, TQ - Process improvement, Value Stream Mapping - Understand the concept of Performance, define and use KPI s - Organization requirements to implement Lean - Lean Behavior & Attitude are acquainted with the use of the following Lean IT analyze tools: - Voice of the ustomer - ritical to Quality-tree - SIPO diagram - Value Stream Mapping - Define and understand KPI s - Personal change story have insight what Lean IT can mean for an organization, - awareness that creating value for the customer is the initial point of doing business - understand the meaning and purpose of Visible management and the use of day and week boards PREREQUISITE ENTRY RITERIA There are no prerequisites for the Lean IT Foundation Training. 4
ELIGIBILITY FOR EXAMINATION To be eligible for the examination, candidates shall fulfill the following requirements: the candidate has acquired the Lean IT knowledge by attending the a training course or by selfstudy OURSE RITERIA It is recommended to provide exercises in the training to help the participant to apply Lean IT concepts, particularly exercises on value stream mapping, problem or pareto analysis. FORMAT OF THE EXAMINATION Type Fifty (50) multiple choice Duration 60 minutes Prerequisite None Supervised Yes Open Book No Pass Score 25 out of 50 question (50%) Distinction Score None Delivery Paper based or Online 5
SYLLABUS Below are the books that we used to build the Lean IT Foundation Training. Reference A Lean Thinking, Banish Waste and reate Wealth in Your orporation Authors James P. Womack and Daniel T. Jones ISBN number 13:978-0-7432-3164-0 Publisher Simon & Schuster UK Ltd Paperback edition first published in 2003 www.simonandschuster.co.uk Reference B Lean Six Sigma Pocket Toolbook Authors Michael L. George, David Rowlands ISBN number 0-07-144119-0 McGraw Hill Reference Lean IT Foundation Article Authors: Niels Loader, Dragana Mijatovic and Hans Kompier Publisher: Quint Wellington Redwood Available as download from APMG Website Optional reading for delegates or trainers who would like to build more understanding, we recommend: Lean IT, Enabling and sustaining Your Lean Transformation ISBN number 978-1-4398-1756-8 Publisher: Productivity Press Note Parts of the books have been used to create an attractive foundation level training. We recommend that an instructor studies the two books to create a more fundamental and deeper understanding. The essence of a good Lean IT Foundation training is to select a consistent set of topics and tools out of the overwhelming Lean materials. The Lean IT Foundation training should cover the analysis tools and the change management aspects of implementing Lean IT. The APMG Lean IT Foundation ertificate is awarded to candidates who complete the following units of study and successfully pass the multiple-choice examination. The units are summarized in this table. For classroom students, references A and are strongly recommended (though not mandatory for the exam). Reference B gives more insight into the mechanics of the DMAI cycle and statistical analysis. All publications are to build their knowledge. For self-study students, references A, B and are mandatory. 6
Learning Level LEANITFND 01 Syllabus Area: Introduction of Lean This unit introduces the candidates to the basic concepts of Lean. Specifically, after completion of this module the candidate will be expected to describe and explain the key principles of Lean. Furthermore the differences of Lean in comparison with Lean IT have to be articulated as well as the relation of Lean IT to other IT frameworks. Explain what is meant by the terms: ustomer, ustomer Value, Value Stream, Flow, Pull, Perfection and Waste A (p 15-26) Lean Thinking Introduction to Lean wikipedia Lean_IT Description of the term: Lean IT Glossary - Muda, Value, Lean, ustomer Value, Value stream, Flow, Pull, Perfection, Batch and Queue The recommended minimum study period of this is unit is 2 hours. LEANITFND 02 Syllabus Area: ustomer This module introduces the candidate to the ustomer, critical-to-quality concept and customer value. After completion of this module the candidate will be able to understand that creating value for the customer is the essence of doing business and so for their own day to day activities. The candidate is able to identify who their customer is and how the expectation s of the customer can be translated to specific IT activities. A( p29-50) B(p 55-64) ustomer Value, Value stream Voice of the ustomer ritical to Quality / A1 / A1 A(p199) ost of Poor Quality Glossary - ustomer value, ost of Poor Quality, ritical to Quality, ustomer Value, IT Outcome, Necessary non-value-add, Non value-add, Value Stream, Voice of the Business, Voice of the ustomer The recommended minimum study period of this is unit is 1.5 hours 7
LEANITFND 03 Syllabus Area: Process This module is designed to give the candidate a full comprehension of elements that are related to a process and how to describe and analyze it. Upon completion of this unit the candidate will be able to outline the steps and activities within an end-to-end process and identify elements of waste within the process. A(p 50-52) A(p 351) Process Introduction A(p 316-321) B(p 38-41) Value Stream Mapping reate and analyze a SIPO diagram 3 Glossary - hange over Time, ycle-time, FIFO, Flow, Input, IT Outcome, Just-intime, LIFO, Lead Time, Machine Time, Output, Parallel Lines, Perfection, Process, Process Throughput, Pull, Push, Takt-Time, Unit of Work, Value Stream, Value Stream Mapping, Work in Progress The recommended minimum study period of this is unit is 3.5 hours LEANITFND 04 Syllabus Area: Performance This module is designed to make the candidate familiar with how to define and measure performance of different aspect within the organization in order to improve it. Upon completion of this unit the candidate will be acquainted with different kind of performance measurement/improvement tools and will have understanding of what the requirements of a KPI is and how these (has to be) related with each other within an organization. B(p 8 11) Performance (describe and comprehend) Key Performance Indicators A(p50-52) Operational Process Efficiency Glossary - Development of people with aid of an a Skills & Knowledge matrix KPI, Metric, Performance, Trend, Operational Process Efficiency, Skill & Knowledge Matrix The recommended minimum study period of this is unit is 2 hours 3 8
LEANITFND 05 Syllabus Area: Lean Organization This module is designed to make the candidate aware that daily activities have to focuson customer value and that continual and cascaded communication is needed to meet the voice of the customer. Upon completion of this unit the candidate has experienced a form of Performance Dialogue and a day start as a part of Visible Management. Furthermore the candidate is aware that the influence of the frontline is essential to meet customer value and that daily activities have to add value. A(p 101-124) A(p 247-271) The Lean Organization (describe) Organizational Structure, organizing for maximum customer value (comprehend and awareness of renaming of departments to reflect Lean intentions) Objectives, Feedback & Performance dialogue B(p 237-240) Glossary - Visible Management Day, Week, Problem Board, Performance Dialogue, ontinual Improvement, ustomer Value The recommended minimum study period of this is unit is 1 hour 3 LEANITFND Syllabus Area: Problem Solving 06 This module is designed to make the candidate familiar with the problem solving method of Kaizen. A method where finding the root cause is the essential part in solving the problem. Upon completion of this unit the candidate can describe and understand the five phases of DMAI and is able use Pareto charts in the decision making process in problem solving. A(23, 349) Introduction to problem solving with the Kaizen approach (describe) B(p 20-26) B(p 142-147) Kaizen based on DMAI: (describe, summarize and comprehend) reate and analyze Pareto charts Glossary - DMAI, Fishbone diagram, Five Why s, Ishikawa Diagram, Kaizen, Pareto diagram, Root cause Analysis The recommended minimum study period of this is unit is 1.5 hours 9
LEANITFND 07 Syllabus Area: Behavior & Attitude This module is aimed to make the candidate aware of and recognize what Lean behavior is and what it means for their own day to day activities, behavior and habit. Upon completion of this unit the candidate has thought about what can be changed within their environment in the sense of reducing waste and has documented what they can do about it. A(p 242-246) A(p 247-271) Daniel H.Pink Motivation Lean Leadership & behavior (Understand Lean Leadership) Organizational hange (know, understand, recognize and locates) Motivation, what drives people to do things Personal hange Story (describe, practice and write) The recommended minimum study period of this is unit is 1.5 hours andidates are encouraged to study with the mock exam available from APMG. LEANITFND 08 Undertake a mock exam The purpose of this module is to help the candidate prepare for the foundation exam. Mock Exam Specifically the candidates must: Sit minimum one Lean IT Foundation mock exam The recommended minimum study period of this unit is 2 hours inclusive of revision and feedback. E N D O F D O U M E N T 10