GUNADARMA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF LETTERS TRANSLATIONAL EQUIVALENCE OF INDONESIAN COLLOCATION INTO ENGLISH IN THE FIELD OF HEALTH Written By: Name : Akhmad Sudrajat NPM : 10605006 NIRM : 20053137200350006 Major : English Advisor 1 : Dr. Mashadi Said, M.Pd. Advisor 2 : Dra. Endang Purwaningsih, M.Si. An Undergraduate Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Letters As a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Undergraduate Degree in English Literature JAKARTA 2009 1
ABSTRACT Akhmad Sudrajat. 2009. Translational Equivalence of Indonesian Collocation into English in the Field of Health. Skripsi. English Department. Faculty of Letters. Gunadarma University. Advisors: (1) Dr. Mashadi Said, M.Pd; (2) Dra. Endang Purwaningsih, M.Si. Key Words: Translation, equivalence, collocation, direct, indirect The subject of this research is translational equivalence of Indonesian collocations into English in the field of health. Collocation is the way which some words are often used together. The aims of this research are to find out the direct translational equivalence of Indonesian collocations into English and the indirect translational equivalence of Indonesian collocations into English in the field of health. The sources of the data were Indonesian and English newspaper articles, and websites. This research uses a descriptive qualitative research method. The result of this research shows that most of the Indonesian-English collocations are direct translational equivalence. 2
1. Background of the Study English language has become an international language and has been a central language in the world. In studying English, we also learn about translation, rendering the meaning from source language to target language. If we are able to translate we could understand what people are talking about or what is written in English books. We should understand and comprehend a kind of language with a process translating, and it is not just a process between decoding a text unit by unit, word by word, and phrase by phrase (Larson and Smalley), but more than it, such as grammar and similar meaning from the origin language. The writer would like to find out the English verb collocation, because there are no certain collocation rules that can be learned, that is why collocation has become one of the most difficult aspects in second language learning. The native English speaker intuitively makes the correct collocation, based on a lifetime s experience of hearing and reading the words in set combinations. The non native speaker has more limited experience and may frequently collocate words in a way that sounds odd to native speaker that is why this study is considered one key achieving fluency. Regular exercise can help protect you from heart disease and stroke, high blood pressure, obesity, and can improve your mood and help you to better manage stress. Mensana in Corpore Sano means that A healthy mind in a healthy body. So to stay healthy experts recommend that you do 20 to 30 minutes of aerobic activity three or more times a week. You can gain substantial health benefits by accumulating 3
30 minutes or more of moderate-intensity physical activity a day, at least five times a week. The writer chooses collocation in the field of health because there are many people who do not know about translation of collocation into English in the field of sport. The writer hopes that the research is useful for the students, the translators, and the readers. 4
2. Research Design The design of this research is a descriptive qualitative research. The use of this method is due to the problem formulation discussed in this research, which intends to find the translational equivalence of Indonesian collocation into English in the field of health. According to L.R. Gay (1996:208) qualitative research can best be defined by describing what it entails and its rationale. Qualitative research involves intensive data collection, that is, collection of extended period of time, in naturalistic setting. Qualitative research is included in natural setting rather than controlled ones; it assumes that the human used what they see and hear and feel to make meaning of social phenomenon and riles on a variety of data gathering technique. (Rossman, 2003:16) It may be concluded that qualitative research is a kind of a method that is describing what it entails and its rational question and exemplify a common belief that they can provide a deeper understanding of social phenomenon. 5
3. Discussion The result of the study shows that of 200 equivalence of Indonesian collocation into English, 139 (69.5%) are direct equivalences and 61 (30.5%) are indirect equivalences. THE CHART OF THE DIRECT AND INDIRECT EQUIVALENCE OF INDONESIAN COLLOCATIONS INTO ENGLISH IN THE FIELD OF HEALTH 30,5% 69,5% Direct Equivalence Indirect Equivalence According to Serge Sharoff direct translational equivalence can be found from Bilingual dictionaries provide basic translation equivalences for a headword and typically limit the set of equivalences to words of the same part of speech as the headword. For example penyakit jantung (SL) is translated into English become heart disease, direct equivalence order someone to translate each word. SLT the word penyakit means disease and the word jantung means heart. The researcher finds that 6
there is not a change in this translation, because the word penyakit translated into the word disease and the word jantung translated into the word heart. So, the translation of the form of word does not change. Based on Jens Bahns (1993) indirect translational equivalence is when the native language of the learner and his target language are taken into consideration. For example kelinci percobaan (SL) is translated into English become guinea pigs, indirect equivalence order someone to translate in natural English. SLT the collocation kelinci percobaan does not have relation with guinea pigs or it cannot be translated directly. The researcher finds that there is a change in this translation, because the word kelinci cannot be translated into the word pigs and the word percobaan cannot be translated into the word guinea. So, the translation of the form of word is changed. The writer concludes that the indirect equivalence of source language text is translated with natural English in target language text. 7
BIBLIOGRAPHY Bahns Jens, (1993). Lexical Collocation: A Contrastive View. London: Oxford University Press. Catford, J. C. (1978). Language and Language Learning: A Linguistic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford University Press. Church, K., Gale, W., Hanks, P., & Hindle, D. (1991). Using Statistic in Lexical Analysis. In U. Zernik (Ed.), Lexical acquisition: Exploring on-line resources to build a lexicon. Hillsdale, N J. Erlbaum. Futagi, Yoko., Deane, Paul., Chodrow, Martine., Tetreault, Joel. (2008). A Computational Approach to Detecting Collocation Errors in the Writing of Non-Native Speakers of English. London: Routledge. Gutt, Ernst-August. (1990). A Theoretical Account of Translation without a Translation Theory. Hornby, A.S. (2005). Oxford Advanced Learner s Dictionary. New York: Oxford University Press. Larson, Mildred. L. (1984). Meaning Based Translation; A Guide to Cross Language Equivalence. America: University Press of America. Newmark, Peter. (1988). A Textbook of Translation. New York: Prentice Hall. Nida, Eugene. A and Charles R. Taber. (1969). The Theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: United Bibles Society by E. J. Brill. Wei, Y. (2000). Developing an Active Vocabulary (revised printing). Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt. WEBSITES (http://books.google.com/books?id=s1n_pnr04ioc&pg=pa69&dq=a+lesson+from+i ndirect+translation#v=onepage&q=&f=false) (http://cogprints.org/2597/1/theoracc.htm) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/health) (http://pusatbahasa.diknas.go.id/glosarium/index.php?row=1&gloss_asing=&gloss_in donesia=&jenis=exact&bidang=9&infocmd=cari) 8