CE 35000 Fluid Mechanics, Required course 2007-2009 Catalog Description: Study of behavior of viscous and non-viscous fluids at rest and in motion through development and application of the principles of fluid statics, continuity, energy, momentum, similitude, and dimensional analysis. Applications include flow in open and closed conduits, the boundary layer, dynamics of drag and measurement of velocity and discharge. 3 hr/wk; 3 cr Pre-requisites: [Pre] CE 23100 (min grade of C), CSc 10200; [Pre or Co] Math 39100 (min grade of C) Textbooks: Munson, Young, and Okiishi, Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics 6 th Ed., Wiley, 2009, ISBN 9780470262849. References: Crowe, Elger, and Roberson, Engineering Fluid Mechanics 8 th ed., Wiley, 2005. Smits, A Physical Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, Wiley, 2000. Course Learning Outcomes: By the end of this class, the student should be able to: 1. Describe general trends in fluid properties, as they vary with depth or temperature [a] 2. Draw free body diagrams on fluid elements to show the magnitude and direction of forces acting on submerged surfaces [a] 3. Determine the pressure exerted by a fluid (compressible and incompressible) on a submerged object, and the location and magnitude of the resultant force of the fluid on the object [e] 4. Determine the magnitude of unknown forces in a system, using force and moment balances [e] 5. Identify the most appropriate control volume for a fluid system, and the direction of flows of mass, momentum and energy into and out of the control volume [e] 6. Use the control volume approach to determine the velocity, flowrate, mass, force or energy within a system [e] 7. Develop an experiment to measure fluid properties in a actual environmental problem [b,e,g] 8. Increase ability to work with computers, especially for the purpose of solving problems and communicating solutions on fluid mechanics topics [k] Topics: 1. Fluid properties (1 class) 2. Fluid statics: hydrostatic forces on plane and curved surfaces, buoyancy (4 classes) 3. Elementary fluid dynamics and the Bernoulli equation (3 classes) 4. Fluid kinematics: Velocity, acceleration, control volumes, Reynolds transport theorem (3 classes) 5. Finite control volume analysis of mass, momentum and energy across a system (8 classes) 6. Differential analysis of fluid flow (4 classes) 7. Similitude and dimensional analysis (2 classes) Class/Laboratory Schedule: 3 hr/wk, in two 1½ - hour lectures; 3 cr Estimated ABET Professional Content: Engineering sciences: 2 cr. or 67%, Engineering design: 1 cr. or 33% Assessment Tools: (also includes the End of Course Survey) 1. Weekly homework assignments 18% (1.5% each) 2. Seminar and article writeups 2% (1% each) 3. Project 20% 4. Four midterm exams 40% (10% each) 5. Final exam 20% 1
Homework Seminars Project Exams Extra credit The problem sets are intended to help you to practice the essential concepts and prepare you for the exams, and I do my best to keep the problem sets as short as possible. You will have a problem set due every week. Your lowest grade will be dropped. The problems will be posted to Blackboard in the assignments folder the week before they are due, and are due by 5pm in my office. You can email me your assignment to show me you completed it in time, as long as you also submit a hardcopy of it by 5pm the next day. Solutions will be posted in the glass case near Steinman T-165. I will not post solutions to Blackboard, so please plan to check them out in the glass case before they are taken down to make way for new assignments (usually around 2 weeks). Problems should be stapled in the order given in the assignment. No spiral paper accepted. The articles and seminars are intended to help you see how fluid mechanics plays a role in the real world. You can earn these points by either 1) attending and reviewing a Podwal seminar on NY/global issues or 2) reviewing an article from a reputable source (ex. New York Times, New York Post). If you cannot attend any of the seminars because of a class or work conflict, you should plan to earn these points by reviewing articles instead. Seminars reviews are due a week after they take place. Seminars will be announced on Blackboard as they come up. To get full credit, sign in with me at the beginning of the seminar. One week later by 5pm, submit a hardcopy of your 1-page summary of the seminar and a few sentences about how it relates to any class concepts. Article reviews are due on the last day our class meets, but you can turn them in sooner. To get full credit, submit a hardcopy of the article and a 1-page review of it with the full citation, a summary of the article, and a few sentences about how it relates to class concepts. The group project is intended to relate class concepts to the real world, and give you practice to improve some of your professional skills, namely, writing and presenting engineering reports and working in groups. In this project, you will develop a velocity profile for flow in a real channel using real data. Details will be posted to Blackboard. Midterm exams will test you on new material since the prior exam, but the final exam will be cumulative. All exams are closed notes and closed book, and you will be provided necessary equations and data. To boost your confidence, you may bring in one 8.5x11 page of notes. Study guidelines and practice problems will be posted to Blackboard. Optional! Write a 5 page paper on a topic related to our class. Details posted to Blackboard. Course policies Plagiarism Lateness Missed exams Assignments or exams that are plagiarized will be given 0%. Guidance on how to properly cite information is posted to Blackboard. If you are unable to submit an assignment on time, plan to submit it early. Assignments turned in late but before 10am the next day will be downgraded 10%. Those turned in later than this will get 0%, since solutions will already be posted. Provided you have a good excuse, you may miss one exam. No makeup exams will be given. Instead, your other exams will be weighted more heavily. Coordinator/preparer: Beth Wittig, Assistant Professor of C.E., July 2, 2009 Steinman Hall Room T-104, (212) 650-8397, awittig@ccny.cuny.edu Office hours Monday through Thursday from 11-12 and from 2-3pm Open study period Monday & Wednesday from 11-12 and from 2-3pm in Steinman Hall Room 105 ** I will come to class 10 mins early every day to answer questions about the homework or project ** 2
Schedule: Class meets Monday & Wednesday 9:30-10:45am If we spend more or less time on a subject, this schedule will be updated and posted to Blackboard. The last assignment PS12 will be posted on the last day of class along with its solutions. It will not be graded. Class # Due In class discussion topics #1 Syllabus, prerequisites, what you should already know #2 Introduction: Dimensions (Ch 1.2), Fluid properties (Ch 1.4, 1.5, 1.6) #3 PS 1 Introduction: Fluid properties (Ch 1.8, 1.9) Fluid statics: Pressure field in fluid (Ch 2.1-2.3), Standard atmosphere (Ch 2.4) #4 of pressure and manometry (Ch 2.5 2.7) #5 PS 2 Hydrostatic forces on plane surfaces (Ch 2.8-2.9) #6 Quiz 1 Hydrostatic forces on curved surfaces (Ch 2.10) #7 Finish up prior class #8 PS 3 Buoyancy, floatation and stability (Ch 2.11) #9 Pressure variation in fluid with rigid body motion (Ch 2.12) #10 PS 4 Elementary fluid dynamics: F=ma along and normal to a streamline (Ch 3.1-3.3) #11 Static, stagnation, dynamic and total pressure (Ch 3.5) #12 PS 5 Bernoulli equation and examples of how to use it (Ch 3.6) #13 Quiz 2 More examples #14 Energy and hydraulic grade lines (Ch 3.7) #15 PS 6 Restrictions on the use of Bernoulli s (Ch 3.8) #16 Fluid kinematics: Velocity fields (Ch 4.1) #17 PS 7 The acceleration field (Ch 4.2) #18 Control volumes (Ch 4.3) and the Reynolds Transport Theorem (Ch 4.4) #19 PS 8 Finite control volume analysis: Conservation of mass (Ch 5.1) #20 Quiz 3 More examples #21 More examples #22 PS 9 Conservation of linear momentum - Newton s second law (Ch 5.2.1-5.2.2) #23 More examples #24 PS 10 Conservation of the moment of momentum (Ch 5.2.3 5.2.4) #25 Conservation of energy - First law of thermodynamics (Ch 5.3) #26 PS11 More examples #27 Quiz 4 More examples #28 Revisit energy and hydraulic grade lines 3
Explanation of [Program Outcome] codes used in course learning outcomes on first page: - A: Ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science and engineering - B: Ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data - E: Ability to identify, formulate and solve civil engineering problems - G: Ability to communicate effectively - K: Ability to use techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering practice You will be graded on your ability to meet these outcomes on assignments, a project, and exams using the guidelines given below Outcome A: Ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science and engineering A1: Applies knowledge of chemistry, physics or other sciences to solve Can only apply scientific principles to problem solving with guidance; Can identify appropriate scientific principles in developing problem Demonstrates thorough knowledge of scientific principles and applies Can also determine whether answer is appropriate to problem. engineering problems cannot reach solutions or solutions; able to solve them correctly to solve makes many mistakes when solving problems. problem but makes minor engineering problems. mistakes. A2: Applies appropriate mathematical techniques to solve engineering problems Can only apply mathematic principles to problem solving with guidance; cannot reach solutions or makes many mistakes when solving problems. Can identify appropriate mathematical principles to solve problem; able to solve problem but makes minor mistakes. Can apply mathematical principles correctly to engineering problems and some problems without errors. Can also determine whether answer is appropriate to problem. Adaptation to course Selected homework, projects, or exams. Instructor should identify scientific and mathematical techniques that are appropriate for their course B: Ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data B3: Ability to analyze and interpret data Adaptation Mathematically analyzes data incorrectly Mathematically analyzes data correctly; Makes interpretations of results that are incomplete Makes interpretations of results that are correct; Also explains whether and why the objective was met and the hypothesis was correct Also comments on effect of error or uncertainty in interpretation of results; Explains the larger significance of the experiment and its results B1 and 2; Lab reports; B3: Assignment B1 and B3 will only apply to more advanced courses; instructor should define appropriate tools for B1 4
E: Ability to identify, formulate and solve civil engineering problems E1: Ability to identify and Unable to identify most Able to identify some formulate real world engineering problems important features of problem to account for; important features of problem to account for; E2: Ability to solve real world engineering problems E3: Ability to evaluate validity of results Adaptation Unable to break problem into solvable components; Unable to identify uncertainty or state assumptions Unable to solve problems similar to those done in class; Unable to solve other problems without guidance Unable to identify whether results are reasonable, Unable to explain significance of results, Unable to identify how results would differ if different approach was used to solve problem Project or targeted homework Breaks problem into components that are not necessarily solvable; Able to identify some uncertainties and assumptions Able to solve problems similar to those done in class; Able to solve other problems with guidance Able to identify whether results are reasonable, Able to explain significance of results, Able to identify how results would differ if different approach was used to solve problem Type of problem should be pertinent to course. Able to identify most features of problem to account for; Breaks problem into solvable components; Able to identify most important uncertainties and assumptions Able to solve problems that are variations of those done in class without guidance Also uses unit analysis to check results Able to identify all features of problem to account for; Breaks problem into solvable components; Able to identify all important uncertainties and assumptions Able to solve problems that are different from those done in class without guidance Also uses independent methods to check results; Also able to use results to make recommendations G: Ability to communicate effectively G1: Ability to communicate effectively in writing G1a: Can structure a paper, report, or memo to communicate their ideas G1b: Can write in grammatically correct fashion G1c: Can format and present written work appropriately Can not organize ideas; important information left out; jumps from topic to topic with no order Written work is full of grammatical and spelling errors; no references when references are needed Written work does not follow required format; Drawings, figures, and tables not prepared with proper software. G1d: Can provide Concepts are correct technical content misunderstood. Calculations are incorrect. Results are inconsistent. Written homework and reports Main ideas are clear; Proper information provided in each section. Data in tables and figures explained in text. Written work has few grammatical or spelling errors Report follows required format with abstract, introduction, procedure, results, analysis of results, and conclusion. Tables, figures, and equations are provided. Calculations are correct. Report provides an interpretation of results. Paper is well structured; text explains theoretical and conceptual justifications for work. Written work is grammatically correct and has no spelling errors Report gives technical references other than textbook. Equations, tables, and figures are properly labeled and well presented. Analysis of results is solid. Explanations for observed results are provided and supported Paper is also concise, and convincing Written work is exceptionally clear and easy to read. Paragraph titles, equations, figures, tables and footnotes are well formatted and presented. Report looks professional. Student shows thorough understanding of concepts and is able to relate data and results to material covered in class 5
G2: Ability to communicate effectively graphically G2: Ability to present quantitative information Poor choice of presentation method for information to be presented; tables and figures difficult to interpret; information in table not relevant to text Reports Tables and figures not labeled or units not given; not discussed in text Tables and figures correctly and completely labeled and readable; discussed in text Tables and figures correct, readable, and convincing; graphical presentation is appealing. K: Ability to use techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering practice K2: Use of modern reporting tools Very limited ability to use MS Office PowerPoint, Word, Excel Prepares and presents project reports, using MS Office PowerPoint, World, Excel Independent ability to prepare and present a project report, using MS Office PowerPoint, Word, Excel Produces professional quality reports taking full advantage of computer reporting tools. Adaptation to course Projects, lab assignments, homework. Equipment and lab equipment as appropriate to subject of course 6