Global University Rankings & Institutional Governance Ms. Yan Wu Center for World-Class Universities Shanghai Jiao Tong University 13 November 2017
Outline History of Global University Rankings Developments of Global University Rankings Global University Rankings and Institutional Governance
01 History of Global University Rankings
ARWU_ 1 st Multi-indicator Global University Ranking In the context of China s will for building World- Class Universities Serve the strategic planning of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Find out the gap between top Chinese universities and World-Class universities From benchmarking to ranking
Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Find out the positions of top Chinese universities in the world higher education system Provide one source of information for the global comparison of universities
Source: IlluminateConsultingGroup, IREG Forum 2017
Why Global University Rankings Global context of higher education The internationalization and global competition of higher education worldwide was growing rapidly in the early 21st century. Not only in China but also universities, governments, and other stakeholders in the rest of the world were interested in the quantitative comparison of world universities. Human Mind Desire for simplicity, reliable information, news and to witness competition Source: Dr. Karen Vandevelde, China Platform lecture of Ghent University 13 Sept. 2017
ARWU_Selection of Indicators The design of the indicator system reflects the rankers conception about the universities, as well as the original purpose about the usage of rankings. In addition, the availabilityof internationally comparable data should be considered. The indicators to measure academic excellence were chosen, including the winners of Nobel Prizes that did cutting-edge research, the articles published in the journals of Nature and Science which are supposed to be groundbreaking research, etc.
ARWU_Methodology For institutions specialized in humanities and social sciences such as London School of Economics, N&S is not considered, and the weight of N&S is relocated to other indicators.
ARWU_Features Objective indicators Objective indicators Third-Party data Transparent Consistent
ARWU_Role of EachIndicator 51 universities have 80% share of all universities Award 96 universities have 80% share of all universities Alumni 194 universities have 80% share of all universities HiCi 190 universities have 80% share of all universities N&S 561 universities have 80% share of all universities PUB
ARWU_Consistent Alumni Award HiCi N&S PUB PCP 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
8 11 11 7 6 6555 12 12 ARWU_ Top 500 Universities by Country (44)_2017 16 17 19 4 4 United States China United Kingdom 20 23 37 38 135 57 Australia Canada Italy South Korea Spain Belgium Brazil Finland South Africa Saudi Arabia Norway Ireland Singapore Poland Malaysia Argentina Serbia Estonia Egypt Iceland Germany France Japan Netherlands Sweden Switzerland Israel Denmark Portugal Austria New Zealand Russia Greece Iran Chile Czech Mexico India Turkey Thailand Slovenia
ARWU_ Top 100 Universities by Country (18)_2017 3 4 4 4 3 6 2 2 2 3 5 1111 1 United States 9 48 United Kingdom Switzerland Australia Germany Netherlands Canada France Japan Sweden China Belgium Denmark Israel Norway Singapore Finland Russia
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% ARWU_ Top 100 Universities by Region 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 6 6 5 5 4 4 7 7 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 6 5 6 9 7 37 35 34 34 34 32 33 34 31 33 35 35 31 35 55 57 58 58 58 59 58 57 57 56 56 55 54 52 Oceania Asia Europe Americas 0% 20042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017
ARWU_ Top 500 Universities by Region 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 4 4 5 5 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 17 19 21 22 20 22 22 19 24 24 23 22 27 27 72 74 71 78 80 84 84 89 88 90 90 92 99 105 200 198 196 197 190 184 187 184 182 182 177 176 165 164 209 205 207 208 210 208 204 204 202 200 205 205 204 198 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Africa Oceania Asia Americas Europe
China Australia Portugal China-Taiwan Saudi Arabia South Korea Brazil Iran Malaysia Spain Chile Egypt Estonia Greece Iceland New Zealand ARWU_ Changes in Number of Top 500 Universities by Country: 2004 vs 2017 37 9Objective indicators 5 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-35 -19-1 -1-1 -2-2 -3-4 -4-6 -6 Poland Singapore Switzerland Austria Israel Norway France India Hungary Canada United Kingdom Germany Italy Japan United States
02 Developments of Global University Rankings
ARWU_Publication of Results In 2017, for the first time, the institutions ranked between 501 and 800are published as ARWU World Top 500 Candidates. Number of universities scanned > 2000 Number of universities actually ranked 1300 Number of universities published Top 500 ARWU (500) Top 500 Candidates (300)
ARWU_Field Rankings Five Broad Subject Fields Natural Sciences and Mathematics (SCI) Engineering/Technology and Computer Sciences (ENG) Life and Agriculture Sciences (LIFE) Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy (MED) Social Sciences (SOC)
ShanghaiRanking_Subject Rankings 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 5 Subjects: Mathematics, Physics Chemistry, Computer Sciences Economics / Business 52 Subjects across natural sciences, engineering, life sciences, medical sciences, and social sciences
ShanghaiRanking_Subject Rankings (2017) 6 22 4 6 14
Ask opinions of world s best scholars but NOT A REPUTATION SURVEY! Highly selected researchers Nominate criteria for academic excellence other than nominate best universities Respondents must agree to publish their names and affiliations
Indicators of Global Ranking of Academic Subjects
ShanghaiRanking_ Profiling Research Universities Building databases of world research universities with as many indicators as possible (GRUP) Profiling and interactiveanalysis of world research universities at institutional level Benchmarkingwith peer research universities in the world at faculty/departmental level From ranking to benchmarking
ShanghaiRanking_GRUP Platform GRUP Survey since 2011 Information exchange with ARWU team Display on ARWU website Interactive Benchmarking & Ranking Tool Benchmarking institutions with their peers Estimating ranking positions based on ARWU Ranking institutions by indicators
QS_ Drilling down: from institution, to subject to program.
THE_ Pioneering new global teaching excellence rankings
03 Global University Rankings and Institutional Governance
Usage of Global Rankings Reported by media in major countries Cited by hundreds of universities Utilized by policy makers Referenced by researchers Used by students and their parents
Used in the Allocation of Government Sponsorship for Overseas Study Russia to Fund Overseas Study, if Postgrads Return Chilean Government: BecasChile Scholarship Program Turkey 2214/B Joint Ph.D. Abroad Scholarship Program
Applications by Universities Setting goals in their strategic plans Positioning themselves in the world Improving visibility and building reputation Recruiting academic staff and students Awarding scholarship for international studies
Global University Rankings & Institutional Governance Rankings matter. Some more than others. Universities must determine what matters to them (Daniel Guhr, Illuminate Group) Learn to live with global university rankings In a survey of leaders and senior managers of higher education institutions in 41 countries, Hazelkorn(2008) found 82% of respondents wanted to improve their international position and 71% wanted to be in the top quarter in the world. At the same time, over 56% of respondents said their universities had established a formal internal mechanism to monitor rankings and their own performance, and 63% had already taken strategic, managerial or academic actions in response to rankings.
Sample _ University of Ghent Source: Dr. Karen Vandevelde, China Platform lecture of Ghent University 13 Sept. 2017
Future Efforts Update and develop rankings with ShanghaiRanking s spirit: objective, transparent and consistent Contribute to Ranking Community Theoretical research on ranking to better understand the phenomenon of ranking Professional services through IREG involvement and conference organization Research on world-class universities WCU-7: World-Class Universities: Towards a Global Common Good and Seeking National and Institutional Contributions
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