SEPUP ISSUES and Earth Science Unit A Studying Soil Scientifically Activity 1: Into the Field September 4, 2014 Centimeters Millimeters Observation Metric System How completely can you describe a group of objects and people? Table Roles Each table has a number Each table has a letter If you are by yourself, I will assign you to a table during labs A: Materials Manager B: Spokesperson C: Facilitator C: Level 0 H: Raise hand A: Instruction M: None P: Listening : Copy this into your science notebook Activity 1: Into the Field September 8, 2014 Centimeters Millimeters Observation Metric System What makes an observation a good observation? Centimeters: In the metric system, centimeters are 1/100 th of a Meter. Observation: Data that has been recorded. Opaque / Transparent / Translucent: Something that can be seen through; ghosts are opaque/transparent/translucent. Metric System: The system of measurements used in science and the rest of the world. Millimeters: In the metric system, millimeters are 1/1000 th of a Meter. Science Composition Notebooks Taking notes / to take notes Projects For work For research To learn more in class To organize information 1
Making Observations Units of Measurement Directions: In your science notebook, describe as best you can the student in seat C. You have three minutes. Length Mass SI Metric System English Student C will then leave the room and make two small changes. When he or she returns, your job is to figure out what he or she changed. Temperature Volume Which units are familiar to you? Which were on the objects you described? Give examples of objects measured with three of the units? C: Level 2 H: Raise hand A: Table work M: Only student C P: Writing C: Level 1 H: Raise hand A: Table work M: None P: Writing, talking Lab Work: Making Observations 1. Page A-5: Read procedures as a class. 2. Prepare your science notebook 3. Materials Manager: Teacher will call you up to collect your supplies 4. Materials Manager: After 10 minutes, teacher will call you to get your labels 5. Spokesperson: Share your group s work with the class 6. CLEAN UP! Materials Manager MUST check! C: Level 1 H: Raise hand A: Table work M: Only Student A P: Writing, talking What do you think are some uses of the objects you described? What were the most useful descriptions? Exit Slip 1. What are two units of measurement used in science? 2. What will you measure with them? C: Level 1 H: Raise hand A: Pair work M: None P: Whispering, writing Activity 1: Into the Field September 9, 2014 Describe your science textbook. Making Observations: Your Textbook The book is blue, white, green, and gray, brown and black. It is red, purple and white. It has notes in it. Some words: words, Issues and Earth Science, On the back it shows a chart of all the units C: Level 0 H: Raise hand A: M: None P:Listening 2
Observations In science: You make observations of data You always record your data Your data / observations tell you the answer to your hypothesis Your data / observations tell you if more experimentation and/or a new hypothesis is needed Exit Slip What were your three objects? Describe them in words. List their measurements. Activity 2: The Garden Problem September 11, 2014 Temperature Why won t plants grow in the school garden? Problem: Why won t plants grow in the school garden? Hypothesis Not enough soil People stepping on the plants Not enough sunlight Not enough water Birds and squirrels eating the seeds Experiment Changing / Adding soil Inspect the plants and the people Inspect the soil RESEARCH NOT EXPERIMENT Track the sunlight Add more sunlight Adding more water Inspect the leaves Get a greenhouse and see if the plants grow there. C: Level 1 H: Raise hand A: Classwork M: None P:Writing Reading and Summarizing Read the worksheet Read the passage Complete the worksheet Activity 2: The Garden Problem September 15, 2014 Objectives We will learn how to make observations. We will learn about the Metric system of measurements. Scientists work as a team. Scientists collect data to help them make conclusions. What tools and measurements can you use to gather data? C: Level 0 H: Raise hand A: Instruction M: None P: Listening 3
Practice What? Measuring Tool Measurement Water Pencil Chicago to New York At home: Measuring Cup In Science: Beaker At home: Ruler In Science: Ruler At home: Plane, a map In Science: Map English Units: Cups Metric: millileters (ml) English units: inches Metric: centimeters English units: miles Metric: Kilometers Activity 2: The Garden Problem September 1, 20144 Continued from September 15, 2014 KWL: Growing a Garden The Scientific Method: The Plan to Figure Out the Garden Problem Know Want to Know Learned Measure the sun and water You put the seed, soil and water in it. Soil/dirt + sun + water = grow healthy How tall will the plants grow? What kind of soil do you need to grow plants? What kind of plants will we have? How can we start the garden? PAGE A-7 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. C: Level 1 H: Raise hand A: Pair work M: None P: Whispering, Writing The Scientific Method State the problem. Conduct preliminary research. (Do research before.) Form a hypothesis Hypothesis: A scientific guess that can be tested by an experiment. Investigate / Conduct an Experiment Analyze the data gathered The School Garden Problem: The plants were not growing. Preliminary Research: Temperature Sunlight The hypothesis was: 1. The soil must be good. It must be something else that stopped the garden from growing. 2. Page A-11: The garden did not get enough water. Propose a garden plan C: Level 0 H: Raise hand A: Class work M: None P: Listening, Writing Evidence or Opinion Observations of the Garden Students observed that the soil felt dry and sandy. Ms. Clayson is sure that plants can grow and survive in the school garden. The average temperature in the garden is 21ºC (70ºF). The old farm used up everything in the soil. The best plants for a garden are flowers. Evidence or Opinions? Evidence Opinion Evidence Opinion Opinion Reason Evidence is observations that support a conclusion. is sure doesn t know exactly Test it. A measurement is ALWAYS evidence, not opinion. everything best C: Level 0 H: Raise hand A: Class work M: None P: Listening, Writing 4
What were some observations of the school garden? What was one scientific question that students had about the school garden? C: Level 0 H: Raise hand A: M: None P: Listening, Writing Activity 2: The Garden Problem September 16, 2014 Objectives We will learn how to make observations. We will learn about the Metric system of measurements. Scientists collect data to help them make conclusions. Scientific Questions Evidence Hypothesis What is the difference between a question and a hypothesis? What is the difference between a scientific question and a hypothesis? Scientific Questions: Something a scientist wonders about. Hypothesis: A scientific question that can be proven true or false by the results of an experiment. Evidence: Data that supports a conclusion. Scientific Questions & Hypotheses Evidence or Opinion? Scientific Question You wonder about something. Hypothesis You can make an experiment. Example Beyonce Evidence Objective observations Opinion What you think about something Science class 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. C: Level 0 H: Raise hand A: Class work M: None P: Listening, Writing 5
Why won t the garden grow? From the reading, what are some reasons that the garden will not grow? From the reading, what is some evidence for these conclusions? Give one example of opinion and one example of evidence from the reading. C: Level 1 H: Raise hand A: Tablework M: None P: Whispering, writing C: Level 0 H: Raise hand A: M: None P: Listening, Writing Activity 3: Observing Soil September 17, 2014 LAB What does soil look like? Objectives We will learn how to make observations. Scientists work as a team. Soil is made up of weathered rocks and decomposed matter. Soil Weathered Observations What does soil look like? C: Level 1 H: Raise hand A: Pairwork M: None P: Whispering, Writing Practice: Weathering Observation: Data that has been recorded. Soil: Weathered rocks and decomposed organic material from dead plants, animals, and bacteria. Before HUGE rocks House 1. 2. 3. After Silt, clay, sand Boards, bricks, broken bricks Weathered: Broken up by the weather. C: Level 0 H: Raise hand A: Vocab M: None P: Writing 6
Procedures & Analysis Questions Read the procedures on page A-12. Venn Diagram of Soil Read the analysis questions on page A-13. TEACHER will call up the Materials Managers when everyone is following CHAMPS. C: Level 0 H: Raise hand A: Instruction M: None P: Writing Title Activity 4: Soil Columns With your lab partner, use your observations and your own words to answer the question: What is soil? Objectives 1. We make observations. 2. We use the Metric or international system (SI). 3. We will learn the composition of soil. Words centimeters (cm) composition evidence milliliter (ml) observation weathered Challenge Question How does the composition of soils vary? C: Level 1 H: Raise hand A: Pair Work M: None P: Whispering, Writing How does the composition of soils vary? Composition: The ingredients. Composition is what makes up a substance. Observation: Data that has been recorded. Evidence: Data that supports a conclusion. Centimeters: 1/100 th of a Meter. Millimeters: 1/1000 th of a Meter. Composition: The ingredients. Composition is what makes up a substance. Weathered: Broken up by the weather. C: Level 1 H: Raise hand A: Pairwork M: None P: Whispering, Writing C: Level 0 H: Raise hand A: Vocab M: None P: Writing 7
Practice: Composition Procedures & Analysis Questions Object Cake Human 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Composition The object s ingredients. Read the procedures on page A-15. Student Sheet 4.1: Soil Column Observations Read the analysis questions on page A-16. TEACHER will call up the Materials Managers when everyone is following CHAMPS. C: Level 0 H: Raise hand A: Instruction M: None P: Writing : Soil Column Observations Spokesperson Says. Is the composition of Soil A the same as that of Soil B? USE EVIDENCE FROM YOUR OBSERVATIONS! With your lab partner, use your observations and your own words to answer the question: What is soil? C: Level 1 H: Raise hand A: Class work M: None P: Writing C: Level 1 H: Raise hand A: Pair Work M: None P: Whispering, Writing Activity 5: Soil Composition Monday, September 22, 2014 We will learn: Soil consists of weathered rocks and decomposed organic material from dead plants, animals, and bacteria. Soils are often found in layers, with each layer made up of a different chemical composition and texture. composition decompose nutrients organic matter sand/ silt/ clay soil weathering What is the composition of soil? What is the composition of soil? Composition: The ingredients. Composition is what makes up a substance. Banana peels, apples, grapes, carrots Moldy bread, cantaloupes Worms, dead leaves, rocks, acorns, manure, all kinds of poo, worm poo, ants, bugs All kinds of rocks and shapes and sizes Rocks and minerals C: Level 1 H: Raise hand A: Pairwork M: None P: Whispering, Writing 8
Composition: The ingredients. Composition is what makes up a substance. Weathering: Wearing down by natural forces. Decompose: Breaking down. Nutrients: Organic matter that has decomposed into basic chemicals. C: Level 0 H: Raise hand A: Vocab M: None P: Writing Organic matter: Decomposting dead plants, insects and animals in soil. Sand: The largest pieces of rock in soil. Silt: The second smallest pieces of rock in soil. Clay: Pieces of rock so small that you can only see the pieces in a microscope. Soil: Weathered rocks and decomposed organic material from dead plants, animals, and bacteria. C: Level 0 H: Raise hand A: Vocab M: None P: Writing Practice: Concept Map Stopping to Think How does water move over land? A small rock is 1 mm across. Is this sand, silt or clay? Why is it important for plants to grow in soil containing organic matter? How can a dead plant help another plant live? C: Level 0 H: Raise hand A: Instruction M: None P: READING Page A-21 Let s diagram together. Diagram Soil Needs a whole page Needs an accurate representation Needs labels Needs short descriptions With your lab partner, use your observations and your own words to answer the question: What could be wrong with the school garden s soil? C: Level 1 H: Raise hand A: Class work M: None P: Writing C: Level 1 H: Raise hand A: Pair Work M: None P: Whispering, Writing 9
Activity 6: Describing Soil Scientifically Wednesday, September 24, 2014 We will learn: One way to gather data is through direct observation. Soils from different environments have different compositions and properties. Soils have compositions that can be described with color, consistence, and texture. Color composition consistence (loose, friable, firm) texture (grainy, silky, sticky) How do scientists describe soil? How do scientists describe soil? Spokesperson says Color: The color of soil can vary from grayish yellow to deep red brown. Composition: The ingredients. Consistence (loose, friable, firm): How easily the lumps can be broken apart. Texture (grainy, silky, sticky): Describes the size of the particles. C: Level 1 H: Raise hand A: Pairwork M: None P: Whispering, Writing C: Level 0 H: Raise hand A: Vocab M: None P: Writing Practice: Decomposing How does a banana peel decompose? How would the process of decomposing change if we added the banana to soil? How would the process of decomposing change if we the banana to soil with worms in it? Page A-21 Let s diagram together. Diagram Soil Needs a whole page Needs an accurate representation Needs labels Needs short descriptions C: Level 1 H: Raise hand A: Class work M: None P: Writing 10
Procedures & Analysis Questions Read the procedures on page A-24. Create Table 1: Soil Observations Student Sheet 6.1: Soil Observations Read the analysis questions on page A-25. What was the color and texture of Soil A? TEACHER will call up the Materials Managers when everyone is following CHAMPS. C: Level 0 H: Raise hand A: Instruction M: None P: Writing C: Level 1 H: Raise hand A: Pair Work M: None P: Whispering, Writing 11