Internal Report 8 Guidelines and Questionnaire for the Transport Surveys (WP3. T3.1) March 2014
Grant agreement no.: 314164 (ENER/FP7/314164) Project acronym: InSMART Project full title: Integrative Smart City Planning Coordination and support action (Coordinating Action) FP7-ENERGY-SMARTICITIES-2012 Start date of project: 2013-12-01 Duration: 3 years Internal Report on the Transport Surveys
Project co-funded by the European Commission within the Seventh Framework Programme Dissemination Level PU Public PP Restricted to other programme participants (including PP the Commission Services) RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services) CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services) Version Submitted by Review Date Submitted Reviewed Level* V01 WPL Editors Name (organization) e-mail Leading participant Duncan Irons ( SYSTRA) dirons@systra.com Contributing participants Carry Stephenson (SYSTRA) David Connolly (SYSTRA) Asseed Khan (SYSTRA) cstephenson@systra.com dconnolly@systra.com akhan@systra.com WP leader (WPL) Duncan Irons ( SYSTRA) dirons@systra.com Executive Summary: Guidelines and questionnaires for the Transport Surveys Keywords Transport, mobility surveys
TRAVEL MOVEMENT DATA COLLECTIONINTEGRATED SMART CITY PLANNING SPECIFICATION FOR HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS TO COLLECT TRAVEL MOVEMENT DATA IDENTIFICATION TABLE Client/Project owner Project Title of Document Type of Document European Commission Integrated Smart City Planning Specification for Household Surveys to Collect Travel Movement Data Information Note Date 21/03/2014 Reference number 102400 Number of pages 20 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 6 2. GUIDANCE NOTES ON ORGANISING THE SURVEY 7 2.1 DIVIDING THE CITY INTO SECTORS 7 2.2 SAMPLE SIZE 7 2.3 SETTING QUOTAS 7 2.4 SAMPLING HOUSEHOLDS 8 2.5 INCENTIVES 9 2.6 BACK CHECKING QUESTIONNAIRES 9 2.7 CODES OF CONDUCT 9 2.8 SERIAL NUMBERS 9 3. INFORMATION FOR INTERVIEWERS 10 3.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE SCREENING QUESTIONNAIRE 10 3.2 SCREENING QUESTIONNAIRE 10 3.3 INTRODUCTION TO THE MAIN QUESTIONNAIRE AND TRAVEL DIARY 10 3.4 TRAVEL DIARY 11 3.5 DEMOGRAPHIC QUESTIONS 11
4. SURVEY FORMS 12
1. Introduction 1.1.1 SYSTRA Ltd have been commissioned by the European Commission to lead Work Package 3 of the Integrated Smart City Planning project. The ultimate aim of Work Package 3 is to identify, test and report on a series of land use and transport based strategies aimed at reducing the energy usage and carbon generations of the cities. 1.1.2 As part of this work package, SYSTRA Ltd are required to develop transport-based energy and carbon models for four European cities. 1.1.3 Nottingham UK Trikala Greece Evora Portugal Cesena - Italy The models require a number of pieces of information to feed into them, including information about the travel behaviour and characteristics of the people living in each city, in particular: Why people travel; How often they travel; When they travel; How far they travel; and By which mode they travel. 1.1.4 This information does not currently exist for three of the four cities. There is therefore a need to undertake additional data collection to gather the necessary information. We believe that the most effective approach to collecting the necessary information is to undertake a program of householdbased travel diary surveys. 1.1.5 This information note provides guidance on how the surveys should be undertaken, and provides example questions and a travel diary form to collect the required information. The remainder of this information note is split into the following chapters: Guidance notes on organising the survey (Chapter 2); Information for the interviewers (Chapter 3); and The layout and content of the proposed household travel diary surveys (Chapter 4).
2. Guidance notes on organising the survey 2.1 Dividing the City into Sectors 2.1.1 We would like you to split your city into a number of sectors. You will need to produce a map of the sectors to use as a showcard during the interview. Sufficient detail will be required for respondents to identify the places they travel to and from on the map. 2.1.2 These sectors should be based on internal districts of the city, however, these should be subdivided based on the road network. It is suggested that between 15 and 20 sectors are identified. These should be consistent with the division of the city that is required for other elements of the project. 2.1.3 SYSTRA will assist in the development of the sectors for each city. 2.2 Sample size 2.2.1 To ensure robust data for use in the models the four cities will each require a minimum of 400 interviews from across the city. A sample of 400 interviews provides a 95% confidence interval of +/- 5%, meaning, for example, that if 50% of our sample state that they travel by car we can be 95% certain that the true proportion of car drivers in the city lies between 45% and 55%. 2.2.2 The sample will subsequently be disaggregated for analysis purposes, e.g. by sector, car ownership, etc. Therefore, if it is possible to obtain greater than 400 interviews within the budgets available this would be desirable. The greater the volume of data, the more reliable the results. 2.3 Setting quotas 2.3.1 To ensure the data collected is representative of residents within your city you will need to set quotas for your interviewers to achieve which are also representative of the city s residents. 2.3.2 The table below shows the variables for which quotas will need to be set, and explains how to do this.
Table 1. Setting Quotas VARIABLES QUOTA CATEGORIES HOW TO SET YOUR QUOTAS EXAMPLE QUOTA SIZE (BASED ON A SAMPLE OF N=400) Day of week Monday to Sunday Quotas should be set to ensure an equal number of interviews on each day of the week e.g. a minimum of 55 completed surveys per day of the week Age 18-34 35-49 50-64 65+ Quotas should be set so the proportion of people in each age category reflects the true proportion of residents in each age category within the city e.g. if 15% of the city s residents are aged 65+ then the quota for the 65+ age category would be 60 completed surveys. Working Status Working full time (35+ hours per week) Working part time (<35 hours per week) Student Retired Not working Quotas should be set so the proportion of people in each category of working status reflects the true proportion of residents in each working status category within the city e.g. if 30% of the city s residents are working full time then the quota for the working full time category would be 120 completed surveys. Geographic sector Between 3 and 9, depending on how you chose to divide your city (see section 2.1) Quotas should be set so the proportion of people in each geographic sector reflects the true proportion of residents living in that sector e.g. if 20% of the city s residents live within sector 1 then the quota for sector 1 would be 80 completed surveys. 2.4 Sampling households 2.4.1 Interviews should be undertaken door-to-door with residents aged 18 and over only. 2.4.2 Only one person per household should be interviewed. The Screening questionnaire will help determine the most appropriate member of the household to talk to. 2.4.3 To ensure good representation within any given sector, please ensure interviewers approach households from across the sector they are working in, and not just within a small clustered area. 2.4.4 In order to ensure interviewers meet the quota for those working full time away from the home it will be important for them to work weekday evenings and weekends, as well as weekday daytimes.
2.5 Incentives 2.5.1 It is common practice to offer respondents some form of incentive for taking part. Providing an incentive is likely to make it easier to recruit people to take part and hence improve the overall response rate. Often the most cost effective way of doing this is by offering to enter respondents into a prize draw to win a cash prize, perhaps for 200. We believe that offering respondents this form of incentive is likely to: a) improve the survey response rate and hence b) reduce the fieldwork costs by more than the cost of the incentive. 2.5.2 If entering respondents into a prize draw you will need to collect their name and contact details. It will be important to emphasise that these details will be kept confidentially and kept separately from their survey responses to ensure anonymity. 2.6 Back checking questionnaires 2.6.1 Collecting respondents name and contact details would also enable you to undertake some backchecking, to ensure that the interviews have been conducted properly. This would be particularly important if the staff conducting the interviews are inexperienced in conducting this form of fieldwork, or are not directly involved in the project and may therefore not appreciate the importance of the respondent recruitment process or other aspects of the survey. 2.7 Codes of conduct 2.7.1 In the UK we undertake all our research in line with the Market Research Society Code of Conduct https://www.mrs.org.uk/standards/code_of_conduct/ and the Social Research Association s Ethical Guidelines (http://the-sra.org.uk/sra_resources/research-ethics/ethics-guidelines/. 2.7.2 We suggest that all four cities ensure that their version of the survey meets the corresponding requirements of the relevant local professional research organisations. 2.8 Serial numbers 2.8.1 Please ensure that all questionnaires have a unique serial number entered on them and return all completed questionnaires together, in one batch, to Systra Ltd in the UK. 2.8.2 We suggest that this serial number is made up of a 1-digit city identifier, followed by a 2-digit interviewer code, followed by a 4-digit household identifier.
3. Information for interviewers 3.1 Introduction to the screening questionnaire 3.1.1 Only one person per household should be interviewed. The introduction and screening sections of the questionnaire will help you determine the most appropriate member of the household to talk to. Please see Chapter 4 for the introduction and screening questions. Screening sections are questions which are asked to see if the respondent is in scope and fits with the quotas required. The information collected in the screening questionnaire is also important survey data. Therefore the screening questionnaire should be attached to the main questionnaire and the same serial number should be entered on both parts in case they become detached. 3.1.2 You should introduce yourself and the research to the person who answers the door, irrespective of whether they will be the person to go on to complete the questionnaire with you. 3.1.3 Please keep a record of the outcome for each household you approach, for example: Whether there was no answer/no residents present; Whether there was no-one aged 18+ at home; If the resident(s) refused to take part. 3.1.4 If there was no answer, no residents present or no-one aged 18+ at home, these households should be approached again on different days of the week/times of day, until contact is made resulting in either an interview or a refusal, or until quotas have been met elsewhere. 3.2 Screening questionnaire 3.2.1 Once contact has been made with someone aged 18+, who is resident in the household and who is willing to answer a few questions, you may proceed with the screening questionnaire. The purpose of the screening questionnaire is to ensure the quotas you have been set are met. It is crucial that you record all information collected during the screening questionnaire, even if it does not result in a full interview. 3.2.2 If the screening questionnaire reveals that the initial respondent is not in-scope for the research because the relevant quotas have already been met, thank the individual for their time and state that you have already met your quota for people of his/her age and working status and therefore do not require any further information from them. However, you could/should explore whether any other still-required member of the household may also be willing to participate, agreeing a suitable call-back time for the follow-up interview, if necessary. 3.2.3 At the end of each day you will need to record the number of interviews achieved by each interviewer and inform all of the interviewers which quotas still need to be filled, ideally before the start of the next day s interviews. 3.3 Introduction to the main questionnaire and travel diary 3.3.1 Once you have successfully recruited an in-scope resident to take part in the survey you can move on to the main questionnaire. 3.3.2 There are two parts to the main questionnaire: a travel diary to understand what journeys the respondent made the previous day and a set of questions needed to understand the demographic composition of the household.
3.4 Travel diary 3.4.1 Please start with the travel diary. You should ask the respondent about any journeys they made the previous day. Read out the introduction, and start to record details of the first journey (where relevant). 3.4.2 After the details have been collected for the respondents first journey, ask if they made a second journey that day. If they did, collect all the relevant details for the second journey of the day before asking if they made a third journey. Continue to complete the travel diary until you have collected all the information about all the journeys the respondent made the previous day. All journeys made on foot and by other modes should be recorded, however short. Take the respondent through the day s events with prompts such as what did you do next to ensure all journeys are remembered. 3.4.3 The definition of a journey is a single one way trip for a single purpose (usually defined by the destination of the journey). For example if you travelled to work, but stopped off at the shops on your way, then the first journey will be your trip to the shops, your second journey will be from the shop to work, etc. If the respondent undertakes a return journey to work and back, the outward trip is one journey and the return trip is a second separate journey. One journey cannot have more than one purpose. 3.4.4 For the first two questions on the travel diary you will need to use the Showcard which provides a map of the city spilt into the sectors. You should show this to the respondent and ask them to identify the sectors in which they started and ended each journey. 3.4.5 Please remember to use a 24 hour clock when entering the time the respondent began their journey. 3.4.6 Please remember to enter the respondent s approximate journey time in minutes. 3.4.7 If the respondent used more than one mode of transport to make a single journey, please enter the mode that they used to travel the furthest distance, e.g. if they walked 500m to their nearest bus stop, caught a bus for approximately 3Km into the city centre and then walked a further 500m to get to their destination, this should be coded as a 3 for bus. 3.5 Demographic questions 3.5.1 Once the Travel Diary has been completed you will need to ask a few additional questions to understand the demographic composition of the household, for example the number of people who live there, their age and gender, the nature of the property and the number of motor vehicles (cars, vans, motorbikes etc) available for use by members of the household.
4. Survey forms 4.1.1 This section consists of: The introduction for recruitment Screening questionnaire Main Questionnaire/Travel Diary
Introduction for recruitment [Read out] Good [morning/afternoon/evening]. My name is [interviewer s name] and I am undertaking some research on behalf of the European Commission. [Read out] They have commissioned us, to undertake short household surveys with residents in [city] to better understand travel behaviour in the city. The purpose of the survey Is to help gauge the levels of energy use and emissions greenhouse gases created by travel in [Insert the name of the relevant city here]. [Read out] This survey takes up to 15 minutes of your time to complete in full and all eligible people who complete the survey will be entered into a free prize draw with a prize of 200. The first part of the survey identifies whether you are eligible to be considered for the survey and only takes a few minutes. I1. [If uncertain whether the resident is aged 18+, ask:] Are you aged 18 or over? Yes [GOTO I3] No [Continue] I2. Is there someone else at home, aged 18 or over who I could speak with? Yes [Once contact is established with someone aged 18+, re-read the intro and then continue] No [Thank person for their time and end the interview] I3. Do you live at this address? Yes [GOTO I5] No [Continue] I4. Is there someone else at home, aged 18 or over who lives at this address and who I could speak with? Yes [Once contact is established with someone aged 18+ who lives at the address, re-read the intro and then continue] No [Thank person for their time and end the interview] I5. Please can you spare a couple of minutes to answer a few quick questions? Yes [GOTO Screening Questionnaire] No [Continue] I6. Is there anyone else aged 18 or over who lives at this address who might be able to speak with me? Yes No [Once contact is established with someone aged 18+ who lives at the address, and who is willing to take part, re-read the intro and then continue on to the Screening Questionnaire] [Thank person for their time and end the interview]
Screening Questionnaire Serial no: [Do NOT ask: Interviewer record info for S1-S5] S1. Interviewer s name: S2. Sector: S3. Day of week: Date: Month: Year: S4. Time (24hr clock): S5. Gender [please circle]: Male Female [Read out] Thank you very much. I need to ensure we speak to a range of different people so that our survey represents the views and behaviour of all different groups in society. Therefore I would like to start by asking you a few questions about yourself. S6. Please can you tell me which of the following age categories you are in? 18-34 35-49 50-64 65+ S7. Which of the following best describes your working status? Working full time (35+ hours per week) Working part time (<35 hours per week) Student Retired Not working Full-time Home Duties/Caring for Others Other (Please specify) [Interviewer: Check quotas is this type of person still required] Yes [Continue] No [Ask if there is anyone else in the household of the age/working status required. If there is, establish contact, re-read the intro and the screening questions. If there isn t, thank & close] S8. Thank you. We still need people of your age and working status to take part in the survey. Would you be willing to answer a few more questions about your travel patterns, to help us understand about the type of journeys which you make? It will take about 5-10 minutes to complete, depending on your answers. Yes [Skip to Main Questionnaire] No [Thank person for their time and end the interview]
Main Questionnaire [Read out] I d like to start by asking you about the journeys you made yesterday, including those which you made for yourself and those in which you were accompanying others. This will help us understand the type of journeys which you make. For each journey I ll ask where it started and ended, what time you set off and how long the journey lasted, what the main reason for the journey was, how you travelled, and who, if anyone, you were travelling with. One journey is defined by a single trip for a single purpose, for example if you travelled to work, but stopped off at the shops on your way, then the first journey will be your trip to the shops, your second journey will be from the shop to work, etc. Note that a trip from home to work and back again should be classified as two separate journeys. [Read out] Please think back to what you were doing yesterday. What was the first journey you made? [Prompt if necessary:] Did you get up and go to [work/college/ the shops]? [Interviewer: Please ask the respondent to complete a travel diary description for all journeys made on the preceding day, prompting, and then what was the next thing you did that day?. Note that it does not matter whether the previous day s travel was typical or not]
ONE DAY TRAVEL DIARY FOR THE PREVIOUS DAY Serial no: Date diary refers to (i.e. yesterday s date): Day of week diary refers to (i.e. what day was it yesterday?): Mon / Tues / Weds / Thurs / Fri / Sat / Sun Journey number 1 2 3 4 5 6 In which sector did your journey start? In which sector did your journey end? What time did your journey begin? Journey purpose (to or from.) How long did your journey take? (in minutes) Main mode of transport If main mode is car, how many adults were in the car? If main mode is car, how many children were in the car? Enter sector number from map. If outside sectors on map, enter name of nearest town/city Enter sector number from map. If outside sectors on map, enter name of nearest town/city Estimate, using 24 hour clock, e.g. 20:15 Enter number 1-11 Estimate, in minutes, the length of time the journey took e.g. 20 minutes If more than one mode, enter mode which is used for the greatest distance Enter the number of people in the car aged 18+, including yourself e.g. if it was you plus one other adult, enter 2 Enter the number of people in the car aged 0-17 1: Normal place of work 2: Education (including escorting others) 3: Other work trip 4: Shopping 5: Personal business (e.g. doctor/bank etc.) 6: Visiting friends/ family 7: Leisure 8: Other (please specify) Enter number 1-9 1: Car/van (driver) 2: Car/van (passenger) 3: Bus 4: Train 5:Motorbike/scooter 6: Bicycle 7 Walk 8 other (specify)
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
[Read out] Finally, I just need to take a few more details about you and your household. Please can you tell me? Q1. Which of the following best describes the type of property you live in? Detached property Semi-detached property Terrace property Flat/ maisonette Other (specify) Q2. How many bedrooms are there in your property? Q3 1 bedroom 2 bedrooms 3 bedrooms 4+ bedrooms How many people, including yourself and any children, live in your household? 1 2 3 4 5 6 More than 6 (Please specify ) Q4. For each person living in your household, please can you tell me which age category they are in and whether they are male of female? [Interviewer: please tick correct age and gender for each person living in the household] PERSON 0-4 5-10 11-17 18-34 35-49 50-64 65+ MALE FEMALE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
PERSON 0-4 5-10 11-17 18-34 35-49 50-64 65+ MALE FEMALE 10 Q5. How many cars/vans are available for use by members of your household? 0 1 2 3 More than 3 (please specify ) IF Answer to Q5 = 0, GOTO Q7 Q6. For each car in your household, please can you tell me it s approximate age and the fuel it uses? [Interviewer: please tick correct age and fuel type for each car] CAR LESS THAN 2 YEARS OLD AT LEAST 2 YEARS OLD AND LESS THAN 5 AT LEAST 5 YEARS OLD AND LESS THAN 10 10 YEARS OR OLDER PETROL DIESEL CNG HYBRID ELECTRIC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Q7. How many motorbikes/scooters are available for use by members of your household? 0 1 2 3 More than 3 (please specify ) Q8. [If S7= working full time or working part time, ask:] Earlier you said that you [work full time/ work part time]. Do you usually? Work from home [GOTO END] Travel to a single workplace [Continue] Travel to different locations [GOTO END] 1
Q9. [If Q8=b Travel to a single workplace, ask:] How many times per week do you usually travel to that location? 1 2 3 4 5 More than 5 (please specify ) Q10. Which mode do you normally use to travel to your normal place of work (please tick one only, choosing the mode which covers the longest part of the journey) 1 Car/van (driver) 2: Car/van (passenger) 3: Bus 4: Train 5:Motorbike/scooter 7: Bicycle 8: Walk Other (Please specify ) Q11. [If Q8=b Travel to a single workplace, ask:] Which sector number from the map is your work place located. If outside sectors on map, enter name of nearest town/city Sector Number Q12. [If Q8=b Travel to a single workplace, ask:] Approximately how long does it take you to travel to that location? (Please enter in minutes) minutes END [Read out] Many thanks for your time, that is everything I need to ask. 2