Mainstreaming DRR/CCA into Development Sanny R. Jegillos Senior Advisor Crisis Prevention and Recovery UNDP Bangkok Regional Hub
Disasters & Development DEVELOPMENT REALM Development can increase vulnerability Development can reduce vulnerability NEGATIVE REALM Disasters can set back development Disasters can create development opportunities POSITIVE REALM DISASTER REALM
MDG-Based poverty reduction strategies 3
Paths to attending MDGs: with/without DRR 4
Mainstreaming DRR/CCA into Development Mainstreaming something into development means doing development better by integrating additional qualitative considerations into the way we define, implement and evaluate development projects and programmes. 5
Justin Locke, MPA 6
Mainstreaming is a dynamic process with a dual purpose: a) ensuring development is protected through DRR and CCA elements b) ensuring that development does not increase people's vulnerability to disasters 7
Mainstreaming requires assessing the implications of disasters & climate change on any planned development action: (a)in all thematic practice areas and sectors (a)at all levels (a)as an integral dimension of the design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes 8
Post 2015 Development Framework: Level of Traction Achieved. SG High Level Panel Report on Post-2015 (2013) Disasters have the potential to create poverty and render impossible the goal of ending poverty Recommended a target on disasters under goal 1 (poverty) Open Working Group on SDGs Identified 16 focus areas for SDGs; DRR is reflected in 6 of them
Proposed Goal 1: Poverty eradication, building share prosperity and promoting equality Target: (d) by 2030 strengthen early warning and disaster risk reduction systems and related capacities with the aim of building resilience and protecting the poor and those in vulnerable situations from disasters and shocks, including climate- related extreme events
Proposed Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security and adequate nutrition for all, and promote sustainable agriculture Targets: by 2030, fully implement agricultural practices that strengthen resilience and adaptation to extreme weather, drought, climate change and natural disasters, in particular for small-scale farmers
Proposed Goal 6: Secure water and sanitation for all for a sustainable world Target: by 2030 decrease by x% mortality, and decrease by y% economic losses caused by natural and human-induced waterrelated disasters
Proposed Goal 11: Build inclusive, safe and sustainable cities and human settlements Target: by 2020, increase by x% the number of human settlements adopting and implementing policies and plans towards resilience and adaptation to climate change and natural disasters
Proposed Goal 13: Promote actions at all levels to address climate change Target: build resilience and adaptive capacity to climate induced hazards in all vulnerable countries
Proposed Goal 17: Means of implementation/ Global partnership for sustainable development Target: (t) Develop and implement capacity building programmes in developing countries, especially LDCs, in support of the national plans implementing health as well as in disaster prevention and reduction capacity and sustainable natural resources management
Way Forward The HLP and OWG proposed DRR targets for post-2015 & new indicator system for the HFA successor are equally important Remaining Questions How..? achieve a complementary monitoring & reporting framework ensure they feed all the three intergovernmental processes anchor them in existing national priorities and country context make sure they provide a political steer of action know whether they are transformative, measurable and technically coherent
Unpacking The Process Of Mainstreaming National Local National Local Disaster Risk Reduction Mainstreaming Module Mainstreaming Components Presentation 01 (Framework) Slide 17
Policy Sphere National Local National Local Example Questions Are commitments to DRRCCA in development plans reflected in budget allocations? What legislation/ regulations are in place? Disaster Risk Reduction Mainstreaming Module Mainstreaming Components Presentation 01 (Framework) Slide 18
Policy Sphere: Signs of Progress National Local National Local Explicit top level commitment and support, clear. legislation which defines roles and responsibilities and provides incentives for the incorporation of DRR and CCA into strategies policies and plans. (Indonesia, Philippines) Specific budget allocations. Inter-departmental strategies and comprehensive crosssectoral plans. Disaster Risk Reduction Mainstreaming Module Mainstreaming Components Presentation 01 (Framework) Slide 19
Organization Sphere National Local National Local Example Questions Do departments have appointed a focal point for DRR and CCA? Do these focal points have a clear understanding of DRR and CCA? Are there internal procedures to check in development projects? Disaster Risk Reduction Mainstreaming Module Mainstreaming Components Presentation 01 (Framework) Slide 20
Organization Sphere: Signs of Progress National Local National Local Focal points in relevant ministries. Integration into project cycles and key government procedures, (Bangladesh, Timor Leste) Training sessions on integration for civil servants, and partnerships with different stakeholders. Disaster Risk Reduction Mainstreaming Module Mainstreaming Components Presentation 01 (Framework) Slide 21
Awareness and Knowledge Sphere National Local National Local Disaster Risk Reduction Mainstreaming Module Mainstreaming Components Presentation 01 (Framework) Slide 22 Example Questions Is DRR and CCA awareness part of professional trainings courses of civil servants, engineers, health workers? Are there nationally applicable guidelines in place to integration of DRR and CCA into priority sectors?
Awareness & Knowledge: Signs of Progress National Local National Local Public awareness-raising campaigns. Improved practical methods, tools for the integration (Indonesia, Philippines) Incorporation into school curricula. (Pakistan, India, Bangladesh) DRR-related research institutes and university programmes. Promotion of best practices. (Philippines)
Implementation Sphere National Local National Local Example Questions Are hazard (climate) risk assessments carried out before construction of critical infrastructure? How are building codes and regulations monitored and enforced?
Implementation Sphere: Signs of Progress National Local National Local Development of performance indicators and benchmarks to monitor progress Law-enforcement Integration into local development plans Risk assessments during the design stage of projects Disaster Risk Reduction Mainstreaming Module Mainstreaming Components Presentation 01 (Framework) Slide 25
Citizen Sphere National Local National Local Example Questions Are decentralised political structures accountable for risk reduction? Do local civil society groups and at risk communities participate in development planning? Disaster Risk Reduction Mainstreaming Module Mainstreaming Components Presentation 01 (Framework) Slide 26
Citizen Sphere: Signs of Progress National Local National Local Decentralized DRR structures (Philippines, Indonesia). Involvement of vulnerable groups in the development of community risk assessments, (Bangladesh) Disaster management committees that include NGOs, CBOs and indigenous groups. Disaster Risk Reduction Mainstreaming Module Mainstreaming Components Presentation 01 (Framework) Slide 27
Unpacking The Process Of Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction Mainstreaming Module Mainstreaming Components Presentation 01 (Framework) Slide 28
The Framework is Context-sensitive 29
Mainstreaming DRR/CCA Into Development Identify Natural Hazard Risks Evaluate Risks Accept Risks? Incorporate DRR into: National Development Plans/Strategies Policies Regulations Yes No Budget Monitor And Review Identify Ways to Prevent or Manage Risks (Adaptation Options) Prioritise Adaptation Options Sector Plans Programmes Projects 30
Mainstreaming Principles There is no blueprint, not a linear process Interact with other cross-cutting, i.e. climate change, gender Spheres are interlinked Continuous process Flexible in its application Not an end in itself but to build resilience Needs to go hand-in-hand with developing DM capacity Requires multi-stakeholder involvement At all levels of intervention 31
FF1 What s needed - Recap Resources Mainstreaming What s Needed 32
Slide 32 FF1 I am concerned that this is a bit simplistic vis a vis the wider mainstremaing model. I guess coudl be usefful as illustrative examples. Fenella Frost, 11/13/2007
DRR Mainstreaming What s needed? Increased understanding of the complexity of national players Strong national level coordination mechanism, effective partnership Solid national level economic analyses of disaster impacts Standardised risk assessment tools Understanding of the linkage between disaster risk, CC and poverty New innovative partnerships (IFIs, private sector, insurance, CBOs) Monitor progress in DRR implementation & mainstreaming Engage development planning and finance agencies. 33
Bangkok Regional Hub sanny.jegillos@undp.org