Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) This is a electroic reprit of the origial article. This reprit may differ from the origial i pagiatio ad typographic detail. Author(s): Title: Tuulos, Tiia & Kauppie, Tomi & Ivorra Peafort, L. R. & Riveros Ospia, D. I. Aroud the world i 36 hours - Uderstadig the dyamics of the global product desig relay maratho Year: 2017 Versio: Fial published versio Please cite the origial versio: Tuulos, Tiia & Kauppie, Tomi & Ivorra Peafort, L. R. & Riveros Ospia, D. I. 2017. Aroud the world i 36 hours - Uderstadig the dyamics of the global product desig relay maratho. Proceedigs of the 45th SEFI Coferece, 18-21 September 2017, Azores, Portugal. 8. All material supplied via Aaltodoc is protected by copyright ad other itellectual property rights, ad duplicatio or sale of all or part of ay of the repository collectios is ot permitted, except that material may be duplicated by you for your research use or educatioal purposes i electroic or prit form. You must obtai permissio for ay other use. Electroic or prit copies may ot be offered, whether for sale or otherwise to ayoe who is ot a authorised user.
Aroud the world i 36 hours - Uderstadig the dyamics of the global product desig relay maratho T. Tuulos 1 Project Maager Aalto Desig Factory, Aalto Uiversity Espoo, Filad tiia.tuulos@aalto.fi T. Kauppie 2 Project Maager, Docet Aalto Olie Learig (A!OLE), Aalto Uiversity Espoo, Filad tomi.kauppie@aalto.fi L. R. Ivorra Peñafort 3 Staff, Professor Desig Factory Javeriaa Bogotá, Potificia Uiversidad Javeriaa Bogotá, Colombia ivorral@javeriaa.edu.co D. I. Riveros Ospia 4 Coordiator Desig Factory Javeriaa Cali, Potificia Uiversidad Javeriaa Cali, Colombia dlriveros@javeriaacali.edu.co ABSTRACT I this system paper we will preset a learig experimet - a uique three-day global product desig relay maratho orgaized by the Desig Factory Global Network (DFGN). The experimet called Rat Relay simulates a real-world situatio i product developmet where very ofte a perso or team is oly workig o a project for a limited time ad ot from begiig to ed, idividuals work i multidiscipliary ad multicultural teams aroud complex problems, ad everythig is doe with a fast pace. Rat Relay is a learig experimet developed by the Desig Factory Global Network, a etwork of iovatio hubs i uiversities ad research orgaizatios i five cotiets of the world aimig to cotribute to trasformatio of learig ad research through a passio-based culture of iterdiscipliary collaboratio ad effective problem solvig. 1 Correspodig Author T. Tuulos tiia.tuulos@aalto.fi
Coferece Key Areas: Sustaiability ad Egieerig Educatio, Ope ad Olie Egieerig Educatio, Skills ad Egieerig Educatio Keywords: sustaiability, global collaboratio, product desig, problem-based learig, project-based learig, challege-based iovatio INTRODUCTION I this paper we preset the process ad experieces gathered durig the first official global product desig relay maratho i the Desig Factory Global Network, previously piloted i 2016 with four iteratioal hubs. The aim of this paper is to share learig outcomes ad results of the exercise, ad to further develop the approach for collaborative learig for the ext roud of Rat Relay. 1 THE SETTING 1.1 The cocept of the experimet The Rat Relay is focusig o fidig ovel ways to teachig product ad service desig i a global cotext ad i distributed teams. The umber of participatig istitutios is ot limited or fixed. However, i this paper we will preset how the experimet looked like with six participatig istitutios. The Rat Relay is a experimet about real-time global collaboratio, ad at the same time a local learig project where each istitutio offers for a local team a learig eviromet where the learig ad workig ca take place. Further o, the istitutio represetatives together with a compay, start-up or NGO prepare a global, real-life challege, ad gather studets to participate i teams of ca. five people, ad ivite teachig staff to act as coaches for the studets. This teachig ad learig experimet is divided i six slots of six hours each, to complete a 36 hours maratho i three days. Each slot represets a differet phase of a desig project. Each istitutio participatig i the Rat Relay lauches off their challege durig the first slot to their local team, which works o the give challege for the first six hours. The challege will the be passed o to a ew coutry, just like ruers pass o a bato i a relay, where a ew iterdiscipliary team works o the challege i a ext phase of the project for aother six hours. I the ed the challeges retur back to the origiatig coutry for fializatio of the outcomes. Table 1 presets (left table) a example of the schedule from Aalto Desig Factory. The six slots are distributed to three cosecutive days, to morig ad eveig shifts by takig advatage of time zoes to make a real-time relay betwee Europe ad South America i this particular case. The distributio of the shifts i each locatio, accordig to the time zoes, ca be see i Figure 1 (left table). Besides, i Figure 1 (right table) there is the distributio of the teams of the Rat Relay 2017 ad the sequece of the projects goig from oe istitutio to aother oe; i the right table of the Figure 1, the meaig for the letters i the right- ad leftmost colums are: goes for ight, m goes for morig ad e goes for eveig. The far most left colum represets Europea ad right side South America time zoes. The participatig teams of 2017 are deoted as FIN (Filad), NED (Netherlads), POR (Portugal), SAN (Satiago, Chile), CAL (Cali, Colombia), BOG (Bogotá, Colombia).
GMT Filad Hollad Portugal Satiago Cali Bogota GMT +3 GMT +2 GMT +1 GMT -3 GMT -5 GMT -5 00-01 02-03 01-02 00-01 20-21 18-19 18-19 01-02 03-04 02-03 01-02 21-22 18-19 18-19 02-03 04-05 03-04 02-03 22-23 20-21 20-21 03-04 05-06 04-05 03-04 23-00 21-22 21-22 04-05 06-07 05-06 04-05 00-01 22-23 22-23 05-06 07-08 06-07 05-06 01-02 23-00 23-00 06-07 08-09 07-08 06-07 02-03 00-01 00-01 07-08 09-10 08-09 07-08 03-04 01-02 01-02 08-09 10-11 09-10 08-09 04-05 02-03 02-03 09-10 11-12 10-11 09-10 05-06 03-04 03-04 10-11 12-13 11-12 10-11 06-07 04-05 04-05 11-12 13-14 12-13 11-12 07-08 05-06 05-06 12-13 14-15 13-14 12-13 08-09 06-07 06-07 13-14 15-16 14-15 13-14 09-10 07-08 07-08 14-15 16-17 15-16 14-15 10-11 08-09 08-09 15-16 17-18 16-17 15-16 11-12 09-10 09-10 16-17 18-19 17-18 16-17 12-13 10-11 10-11 17-18 19-20 18-19 17-18 13-14 11-12 11-12 18-19 20-21 19-20 18-19 14-15 12-13 12-13 19-20 21-22 20-21 19-20 15-16 13-14 13-14 20-21 22-23 21-22 20-21 16-17 14-15 14-15 21-22 23-00 22-23 21-22 17-18 15-16 15-16 22-23 00-01 23-00 22-23 18-19 16-17 16-17 23-00 01-02 00-01 23-00 19-20 17-18 17-18 FIN NED POR SAN CAL BOG Sa Cal Bog e Fig. 1. Workig hours accordig to time zoes ad project sequece Altogether this resulted ito 216 hours (i.e. six locatios times 36 hours) of projectbased learig i globally distributed teams. The Rat Relay experimet took place i April 2017 i Desig Factory learig platforms i six differet uiversities: Aalto Uiversity i Filad (ADF), NHL Uiversity of Applied Scieces i Netherlads (FDF), Porto Polytechic i Portugal (PDF), Duoc UC i Chile (DDF), ad i Potificia Uiversidad Javeriaa i Colombia i two differet cities Bogotá ad Cali (DFJ). Table 1. Rat Relay schedule example from Aalto Desig Factory, Filad m Fi Ned Por e Bog Cal Sa Fi Ned Por m Cal Bog Sa e m Ned Por Fi e Sa Bog Cal Ned Por Fi m Bog Sa Cal e m Por Fi Ned e Fi Ned Por Sa Cal Bog m DAY 1 / Wed 26 April DAY 2 / Thu 27 April DAY 3 / Fri 28 April e Morig slot 8:00-14:00 Eveig slot 15:00-21:00 SLOT 1 - Project ower: ADF - Brief: Iteratioal Trade Cetre - Sed to: DDF SLOT 2 - Project ower: DFJ Bogota - Brief: Itellectus Cetro de Memoria y Cogicio - Comes from: DFJ Bogota - Sed to: DFJ Cali SLOT 3 - Project ower: FDF - Brief: Red Cross - Comes from: DFJ Cali - Sed to: DDF SLOT 4 - Project ower: DDF - Brief: Liberty Sequros - Comes from: DFJ Bogota - Sed to: DFJ Cali SLOT 5 - Project ower: PDF - Brief: The city of Porto - Comes from: DFJ Cali - Sed to: PDF SLOT 6 - Project ower: ADF - Brief: Iteratioal Trade Cetre - Comes from: FDF 1.2. Learig objectives For studets, the mai learig outcome of the Rat Relay is to uderstad the ecessity of work distributio i desig or product developmet projects i a real global cotext. The idea is that oly clear ad costructive commuicatio about the work doe i oe phase by oe team will eable the best possible progress for the ext teams i the relay. I additio, the studets get to hadle time pressure, improve ad icrease their argumetatio skills for decisios they have made, ad lear to documet their projects via videos, illustratios, presetatios, ad photos. Learig outcomes also iclude process plaig, product developmet skills, teamwork skills,
ad applicatio of desig thikig process. The success of the exercise is assessed with the feedback that is gathered from the teams after each slot, ad from the orgaizatio providig the challege after the fial results are preseted to them. I the same way, studets are able to improve their coflict maagemet skills whe differet situatios take them out of their comfort zoes. Studets get to work with other studets from differet coutries, disciplies, ad laguages, thus offerig them a opportuity to gai practical iformatio about differet societies ad commuities. I this particular case, oe of the participats was a Eglishspeakig coutry. However, the official laguage of the Rat Relay was still Eglish, which represeted both a challege ad a opportuity for practicig ad learig commuicatio skills. For faculty members or Desig Factory represetatives, i additio to the valuable experiece of coachig the differet phases of the project, there are may learig outcomes from the iteractios betwee participatig istitutios. Essetially the rather short time widow pushed participats ad coaches to work i o-traditioal ways fidig ways to commuicate ideas to ext teams i the relay. 1.3. Six phases ad slots The Rat Relay process was roughly built o six phases of product desig, each oe developed i a six-hours slot. 1st slot: uderstadig the brief, backgroud research & idetifyig the user. 2d slot: problem defiitio & bechmarkig. 3rd slot: divergig & ideatio. 4th slot: covergig, cocept defiitio & prototypig. 5th slot: refiig the cocept, iteratig the prototype & testig with users. 6th slot: fial prototypig & presetatio. However, followig the Desig Factory approach to product developmet, the desig processes are ot liear ad the emphasis is made o the problem or eed rather tha o the process itself. I that sese, the Rat Relay teams were ecouraged to jump across phases if the logic of the problem demaded it. This iteratio is cetral i cocept level developmet projects (Ulrich & Eppiger, 2016), i the Desig Thikig approach (Brow, 2008) ad i the TRIZ approach (Cavallucci, 2002). 1.4 Grad challeges to be solved All challeges i the Rat Relay had both a global aspect ad a social beefit ivolved. The idea of the Triagle of Sustaiability (Serageldi, 1995) where all three aspects, ecoomic, ecological ad social eed to be take ito accout was a key for both the orgaizatio of the Rat Relay ad the developmet of the six differet solutios to the challeges. Firstly, the ecoomic aspect was addressed by a symbolic fee for profit orgaizatios participatig from the Rat Relay ad the fact that all the solutios eeded to provide some level of market validatio. Secodly, the ecological aspect was addressed i a way of work where the teams gaied large global perspective to societal challeges ad problems without the eed to physical travel aroud the world thus reducig the carbo footprit related to trasportatio of the projects. Fially, the social aspect was addressed with the selectio of the challeges, the alliace with orgaizatios with a social cosciece ad the formig of diverse teams where every backgroud ad cotext was there to erich the geeral capabilities of each local team.
I the Rat Relay experimet the six challeges were provided by the Iteratioal Trade Cetre based i Geeva, Liberty Seguros (isurace compay i Chile), Sa Igacio Hospital Memory ad Cogitio Ceter: Itellectus i Bogotá, Colombia, Social Foudatio De Meos a Más for vulerable populatio i Cali, Colombia, The Iteratioal Red Cross i the Netherlads, ad the City of Porto i Portugal. The diversity of profiles ad academic backgrouds of the participats makes this experimet particularly iterestig. Due to the perceived ature of the product developmet maratho ad the participatig istitutios, it could be more obvious to attract people from egieerig, product desig ad busiess. However, the call for participats was ope also for disciplies "at the border" such as arts, ethics or health scieces, ad gathered also may of them to joi. We argue that a global challege will always eed diverse poits of view to be solved, thus callig for a collaborative eviromet beyod the boudaries of academic fields. Table 2 depicts as a example of the iterdiscipliary ature of the Rat Relay the backgroud of the participats at the Aalto Desig Factory i Filad. Of the 22 participats 18 were uiversity studets, oe visitig scholar, oe uiversity faculty member ad two juior high school studets. The participats also represeted 10 differet schools ad various discipliary backgrouds. Similar iterdiscipliary backgrouds were to be foud also i other participatig istitutios. The majority of the participats i all six locatios were BA ad MA level studets, but also may vocatioal studets, idustry professioals, uiversity faculty, ad eve juior high school studets participated the experiece. Table 2. Backgrouds of the participats i Aalto Desig Factory, Filad School Aalto Uiversity of Arts, Desig ad Architecture Aalto Uiversity School of Sciece Aalto Uiversity School of Egieerig Aalto Uiversity School of Busiess Aalto Uiversity School of Electrical Egieerig NHL Uiversity of Applied Scieces Number of Participats 3 Disciplie Idustrial Desig, Desig, Collaborative ad Idustrial Desig 2 Techical Physics, Computer Sciece 6 3 2 Productio Egieerig, Mechaical Egieerig (3), Marie Techology, Product Developmet Iteratioal Desig Busiess Maagemet, Marketig, Iteratioal Busiess Microelectroics, Automatio ad Systems Techology 1 Desig Uiversity of Helsiki 1 Fiish ad Nordic History Metropolia Uiversity of Applied Scieces Arcada Uiversity of Applied Scieces 1 Digital Media 1 Media Maagemet Other 2 Juior High School I the followig sectios, we will depict the Rat Relay as a uique learig method for global collaboratio, preset the data ad experieces gathered i April 2017, aalyse the process, ad address future possibilities of research ad ext steps.
2. DATA GATHERING AND ANALYSIS The data about the Rat Relay experimet was gathered through a survey take by the participats after each time slot ad through the reports of orgaizers i each Desig Factory. The survey, which gathered 63 aswers, looked ito the diversity of the team, the previous desig experiece of the participats, the decisios made durig the six hours slot, iteractios withi teams, ad the results of each roud, accordigly. The itetio was to support uderstadig the participat s attitudes ad the dyamics withi Rat Relay over the 36 hours period. The aalysis was doe i a privacy-preservig ad aoymous fashio. Table 3 presets the umber of participats ad coaches i each istitutio. The total umber of participats i all six istitutios was 166 with 30 coaches. Table 3. Number of participats ad coaches i each istitutio Istitutio DDF ADF FDF DFJ Bogota DFJ Cali PDF Participats i total 43 22 20 21 42 18 Slot 1 8 6 7 13 26 4 Slot 2 6 2 5 8 13 5 Slot 3 12 5 3 8 9 4 Slot 4 5 4 3 6 12 6 Slot 5 5 6 3 8 18 5 Slot 6 7 6 2 10 21 4 Coaches 8 5 3 3 7 4 2.1 Limitatios ad cotext The sig-up process was ot restricted; everyoe was able to sig up to the slot they wated. This caused some ubalace to the teams. I some slots studets participated oly part of the time, however majority of the time the team participated for the whole six-hour slot. I Cali studets worked also locally i parallel teams. The Rat Relay was a volutary activity; studets were ot awarded ECTS credits. I Bogotá, the evet took place at the Creative Room of the Ático Buildig, which was shared with other studets who were workig o their ow activities, but were ivited to participate mostly i the prototypig ad validatio slots. 2.2 Aalysis of results I order to support uderstadig of the Rat Relay experimet ad its results we visualized the data gathered i the survey. I the survey our aim was to uderstad relevat aspects aroud these core questios; for example, Figure 2 depicts four core questios from the survey with aswers i a five-poit Likert scale, 1 beig a strog disagreemet ad 5 meaig a strog agreemet with the claim. Most participats (58%) foud that their team s goals were clear ad shared by all team members. Iterestigly, more participats (46 % compared to 16%) ted to reflect more because of their desigerly attitude. Slightly more (40% vs. 21%) of the participats foud that desig-based approach helps to improve efficiecy. However, there was o clear differece betwee how participats see they attitude helps to use their imagiatio outside the workig eviromet.
Fig. 2. Aswers to four core questios of the survey visualized. 3. LEARNING OUTCOMES & DISCUSSION The Rat Relay maratho was orgaized for the first time with studets ad real compay parters i April 26th to 28th 2017. The feedback gathered from the participats, compay parters, ad orgaizig istitutios was crucial i aalysig the success of the learig experimet ad the ext steps. 3.1 Studet experiece The studets reported that they especially ejoyed the itesive ature of the relay maratho to work agaist the clock ad with real time with other Desig Factories. They appreciated both the diversity of the teams, ad the challeges. The participatig studets liked the uique approach to work oly o a certai part of a project, ad thus expected to build o others ideas, ad to sed over their progress to the ext team i a uderstadable ad compact way. They felt that the commuicatio betwee the differet slots, without ay face-to-face commuicatio i betwee, was the biggest challege but also the biggest learig experiece. Commuicatio was perceived as oe of the big challeges sice Eglish laguage was the mai laguage of the Rat Relay amogst o-ative Eglish speakers. To covey ideas ad thoughts better, studets used drawigs, visualizatios, pictures, actig, body laguage, ad eve music ad movie refereces to eable assertive commuicatio betwee the slots.
3.2 Sposor experiece 45 th SEFI Coferece, 18-21 September 2017, Azores, Portugal Although the Rat Relay experimet was oly a 36 hours project, all the sposors received a proper desig solutio for their challeges, makig the six slots divisio a powerful methodology tool. The phases assiged to each slot were ot fixed but worked perfectly as a guide to uderstad ad achieve deliverables for each phase. The NGOs ad idustry parters providig the real-life challeges were all surprised of the amout of ideas ad cotet studets were able to produce i just three days. Several parters reported afterwards how the Rat Relay was also a great learig experiece for them to desig ad frame their challeges i a better way for studet projects. Withi the Rat Relay they were able to test a idea ad a challege very quickly ad see the ed results directly after 36 hours. 4. SUMMARY I this paper we reported about the Rat Relay experimet, a 36 hours maratho to provide desig-based solutios to a variety of challeges provided by compaies, uiversities ad NGOs. We preseted the settig, icludig the idea to have several locatios aroud the world, ad how draft desigs were passed to followig teams i other locatios, thus creatig a relay effect. We provided the first aalysis ad visualizatio of results of the survey to support uderstadig the experimet, ad also to see how participats thik their desigerly attitude ca help i societal questios. We also preseted ad discussed the learig outcomes for studets. As we evideced, studets foud the creative commuicatio betwee slots without ay face-to-face commuicatio to be both most challegig ad most supportive for their learig. Orgaizatios that provided the challegebased tasks for the Rat Relay were both surprised ad satisfied about the results. As a part of the future work we pla to aalyse ad visualize all the data collected from the survey from this first official Rat Relay experimet. For istace, it will be iterestig to look more closely ito what iflueced studets decisios ad whether previous desig experiece of participats plays a role i the decisio-makig ad fial outcomes. The ext roud of the Rat Relay will take place i the first part of 2018, ad we are lookig to have more participatig istitutios, more studets, ad more coaches, ad to use the experieces ad results preseted i this paper to create a eve more egagig settig. REFERENCES [1] Brow, T. (2008). Desig Thikig. Harvard Busiess Review, Vol. 86, No. 6, pp. 85 92. [2] Cavallucci, D. (2002). TRIZ, the Altshulleria approach to solvig iovatio problems. I: Egieerig Desig Sythesis, Chakrabarti ad Amaresh (ed.). Spriger, Lodo, pp. 131 148. [3] DFGN. (2017). Desig Factory Global Network. Retrieved o May 13, 2017, from http://dfg.org/. [4] Serageldi, I. (1995), Promotig sustaiable developmet toward a ew paradigm. i Proceedigs of the First Aual Iteratioal Coferece o Evirometally Sustaiable Developmet, World Bak, pp. 13 21. [5] Ulrich, K. ad Eppiger, S. (2016). Product desig ad developmet. Sixth Editio, McGraw-Hill, New York.