10T Watershed Crossword & Wordsearch Word list: watershed, downhill, upstream, ocean, Sacramento River, evaporate, stream, freshwater, precipitation, runoff ACROSS 2. Makes up less than 1% of the Earth's water 4. Water that runs off the land 7. Runoff flows in this direction 9. The land connected by the water flowing through it 10. The largest river in the Sacramento River Watershed DOWN 1. Rain or snow 3. To dry up 5. Opposite of downstream 6. Final destination of water in the Sacramento River 8. Creek or river
15T Vernal Pool Landscape Worksheet Name: Fill in the blank boxes with the correct name of each landscape feature, then color. You may use the same name more than once. Word list: stream, vernal pool, hardpan, uplands, soil, water table, mima mound
21T Three Phases of a Vernal Pool Write the names of each season and phase. Color. Season Season & Seasons Phase Phase Phase
22T Vernal Pool Cross-Section Worksheet Name: Directions: Draw a horizontal line to show where the water table (water surface) could be during each phase. (There may be more than one correct line.) Fill in the season for each phase. Wet Phase Season: Flowering Phase Season: Dry Phase Seasons: &
27T Looking Like a Scientist The Classroom Laboratory Question: Answer: How does a scientist look? Carefully. Most students are natural born scientists because they are curious and ask a lot of questions. It is the nature of a scientific mind to observe (watch) something and want to know more. Your observations can help you to understand what is going on in nature and to predict what else might happen. A vernal pool grassland is a great place for scientists of all ages to explore nature because so little is known about this ecosystem. Each plant and animal has a story to tell about how it makes its living in this harsh environment. You can discover these stories by asking questions and making careful observations. That is: By looking and thinking like a scientist! Your classroom will become a laboratory as you grow your own Fairy Shrimp from cysts. Within a few days the cysts will hatch into microscopic Fairy Shrimp, which will soon grow large enough for you to observe. As you watch them you will probably come up with many questions about them. You can use the scientific method of answering questions by conducting an experiment. Your practice question is: Do all Fairy Shrimp hatch at the same time? Conducting an Experiment An experiment is divided into four parts and reported in a Lab Report: Hypothesis Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions. Hypothesis The first thing a scientist does is to turn a question into a hypothesis. A hypothesis is a statement or prediction that can be proved true or false. How would our question look as a hypothesis? Question: Hypothesis: Do all Fairy Shrimp hatch at the same time? All Fairy Shrimp cysts hatch at the same time. Methods Next, you will need to think of methods (ways) to collect data (information) to test your hypothesis. How would you know if all the Fairy Shrimp cysts hatched at the same time? The cysts are too small for you to observe. Suppose you counted the Fairy Shrimp every day for three weeks? If the number of Fairy Shrimp did not increase over time, you could say that they probably all hatched at the same time.
28T For this experiment, your class will divide into five teams of scientists. Your team will observe the Fairy Shrimp on the same day of the week for three weeks. Each member of the team will count the Fairy Shrimp and record this data and other observations on a Student Data Sheet. The team will average its counts for the day and provide a single Average Daily Count to the class. You will describe how you collected your data in the Methods section of your Lab Report. Results and Discussion Lots of unexpected things can happen in an experiment. Sometimes you discover things you never imagined. Sometimes all the Fairy Shrimp die. When it comes time to figure out what happened, the students who are careful observers and recorders make the best detectives. Remember: A good scientist is a good detective. Your class will analyze (examine) the Average Daily Counts by making a graph of the data. The graph will help you to see if the number of Fairy Shrimp increased, decreased or stayed the same over the observation period. The Results and Discussion section of your Lab Report is the place to present your graph and explain what it means. Conclusions In the Conclusions section of your Lab Report you will state whether your hypothesis is true or false and why you reached that conclusion (final decision). Think up another question that you would like to investigate to better understand the lives of Fairy Shrimp. What would your hypothesis be?
Student Data Sheet Name: Day & Date Number of Fairy Shrimp Water Clarity 1 2 3 4 Clear to Cloudy (1) (4) Water Temperature Other Observations, Questions or Drawings 29T
Class Data Sheet Day Date Average Daily Count Water Clarity 1 2 3 4 Clear to Cloudy (1) (4) Average Water Temperature Amount of Food Added Observations or Questions 30T
31T Lab Report Hypothesis Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion
Critter Pie Worksheet Name: By counting the different critters living in a vernal pool each week, a scientist can measure the changes in their populations over time. Directions: Count the number of each critter and complete the table. Create a color key in the table 5% and complete the pie graph. Pool of Critters Critter Pie Graph Data Table Color Code Count Fraction Percent Tadpole Water Mite Water Flea Water Boatman Totals 32T
36T Metric Measurement Worksheet Scientists use the metric system to measure the size of critters. A millimeter (mm) is about the width of a straight pin. A centimeter (cm) is slightly smaller than a dime. 10 millimeters = 1 centimeter Use the metric ruler to measure the following animals and plants, shown at their actual size. Example Fairy Shrimp mm 16 cm 1.6 Water Boatman mm cm Vernal Pool Monkeyflower mm cm Fremont s Tidy-tips mm cm California Vole mm cm When you measure the water boatman, should you measure to the tip if its legs? Explain your answer.
37T Scale Up and Scale Down Worksheet The Seed Shrimp shown below is at actual size, which is one times (1 X) its normal size. It is also shown at 30 times (30 X) normal size, which is how big it would look using a dissecting scope. Reduce it to 10 times (10 X) to see how big it would appear under a hand lens. Enlarge it to 100 times (100 X) using the grid at the bottom to see how big it would appear under a compound microscope. 1 X = Actual Size 10 X = Hand Lens 30 X = Dissecting Scope 100 X = Compound Microscope
38T How Big is That Tattoo? Worksheet Before applying your Splash Tattoo, calculate the scale of the tattoo compared with the life size illustrations below. Show your work next to the critter you choose. Do you think it might be helpful to make more than one measurement? Express your final answer as a percentage and as a fraction. California Tiger Salamander Tattoo: mm Drawing: mm Fraction: Percent: Pacific Chorus Frog Tattoo: mm Drawing: mm Fraction: Percent:
43T Critter Guide Worksheet Critter #: Common Name: Scientific Name: Habitat: Size: Micro: Macro: Other: Description: Life Stages Life Cycle & Food Web What I eat What eats me Fun Facts:
46T Critter Commercial Worksheet Critter Size (circle one): Micro Macro Other Description: Habitat: Fun Fact:
Critter Commercial Notes Name: Group Species Presenter Facts Microlife 1. Algae 2. Bacteria 3. Detritus 4. Protozoa 5. Rotifers Invertebrates Nonarthropods 6. Aquatic Snail 7. Flatworms Acarinans 7b. Water Mite 8. Clam Shrimp Crustaceans 9. Copepod 10. Fairy Shrimp 47T
57T Flower Parts & Pollination Worksheet Fill in the boxes with the name of the flower part from the words in the box below. Color the petals red, the sepals green, and the pollen yellow. anther filament stem ovary petal sepal leaf style stigma twig How Pollination Works Fill in the blanks. 1. For plants to make seeds, the pollen from the of one flower needs to fertilize the ovule of another flower. 2. The seeds are produced in the flower s, at the base of the pistil. 3. A variety of critters collect pollen and nectar to feed themselves and their young. These critters also carry pollen from one flower to another and are called. 4. Name at least four critters that might be pollinators:
Flower Pie Worksheet Name: How could you use this kind of data to see if vernal pools are different from each other when they flower? Write your answer on the back. Directions: Count the number of each flower and complete the table and graph. 5% Create a color key in the table and complete the pie graph. Pool of Flowers Flower Pie Graph Data Table Color Code Count Fraction Percent Brodiaea Goldfields Navarretia Downingia Totals 58T
61T Flower Guide Worksheet Plant #: Common Name: Scientific Name: Family: Habitat: Size: Description: Life Cycle (when it blooms): Ecology Fun Facts:
67T How You Can Help Keep Runoff Clean Worksheet Would you like to help keep our water clean? Read the brochure your teacher has for you then answer these questions. Show What You Know The table below lists some of the sources of pollutants that contaminate runoff. Can you think of ways that you and your family could reduce your pollution contribution? Put your ideas in the third column. Share this information with your family! Urban Runoff Sources Pollutants Your Ideas for Reducing Pollution Gardens & Lawns Pesticides Fertilizers Homes Paints Soap/Detergents Cars Roads Parking lots Oil Gas Car exhaust Tire wear Anti-freeze Pets Pet wastes Other Ideas: