ty,oa lacfu/kr lkaf[;dh

ty,oa lacfu/kr lkaf[;dh ty lalk/ku lwpuk iz.kkyh funs kky; Lkwpuk iz.kkyh laxbu Tky vk;kstu,oa ifj;kstuk Lda/k dszunzh; ty vk;ksx WATER RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEM DIRECTORATE INFORMATION SYSTEM ORGANISATION WATER PLANNING & PROJECTS WING CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION fnleckj 2010 DECEMBER 2010

WATER AND RELATED INFORMATION SYSTEM ORGANISATION WATER PLANNING & PROJECT WING CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION DECEMBER 2010

Officials associated with the Publication 1. Shri D.P. Mondal Advisor 2. Shri S.K. Madaan Director 3. Smt. Anupam Bhatnagar Director 4. Smt. Bindu Sreedathan Dy. Director 5. Shri Vinod Sharma Sr. Statistical Officer 6. Shri Ashwani Kumar Sr. Statistical Officer 7. Shri Anil Kumar Raisinghani Jr. Computor 8. Shri Dayabir Singh DEO Grade- D 9. Shri Bhushan Dutt DEO Grade- B vii

Acronyms BCM CAD CCA cm cu m CWC CUI DPAP ERM FF FRL GDP GIA GSA GWH HFL IPC IPU IWDP KM KWH Lakh Ha M MCM mm Mha MW NCIWRD NDP : Billion Cubic Metre : Command Area Development : Cultural Command Area : Centimeter : Cubic Metre : Central Water Commission : Coverage under Irrigation : Drought Prone Area Programme : Extension, Renovation & Modernization Project : Flood Forecasting : Full Reservoir Level : Gross Domestic Product : Gross Irrigated Area : Gross Sown Area : Giga Watt Hours : Highest Flood Level : Irrigation Potential Created : Irrigation Potential Utilised : Integrated Watershed Development Project : Kilometre : Kilo Watt Hours : Lakh Hectare : Metre : Million Cubic Metre : Millimeter : Million Hectare : Mega Watt : National Commission on Integrated Water Resources Development : Net Domestic Product ix

NIA : Net Irrigated Area NRDWP : National Rural Drinking Water Programme NSA : Net Sown Area PL : Pond Level sq km : Square Kilometre TCA : Total Cultivable Area TMcum : Thousand Million Cubic Metre UIP : Ultimate Irrigation Potential UT : Union Territory % : Percentage x

Foreword Preface List of Officials Acronym Water Sector At a Glance CONTENTS Topics Page No vii ix - x xv - xix Chapter 1 Introduction 1-2 Chapter 2 - Water and Related Resources 3-9 Chapter 3 - Resources Utilisation 11-21 Chapter 4 - Production Related Performance & Economic Efficiency 23-27 Chapter 5 - Financial Performance 29-31 Chapter 6 - Social and Environmental Performance 33-38 Tables 1 Water Resources Potential in River Basins of India 39 2 Details of Inland Fishery Water Resources of Various Types by State, 40 2007-08 3 Total & Navigable Length of Important Rivers (2007-08) by State 41-45 4(A) Rainfall in Different Meteorological Sub-Divisions of the country during 46-47 2009 4(B) Rainfall in Different Meteorological Sub-Divisions of the country during 48-49 2008 5(A) Distribution of Number of Districts by intensity of Rainfall during 50 Monsoon 2009 (01.06.2009 30.09.2009) 5(B) Distribution of Number of Districts by intensity of Rainfall during 51 Monsoon 2008 (01.06.2008-30.09.2008) 6 Per Capita Availability of Water in India during 2010 52 7 Basin-wise Live Storage Capacities under Major & Medium Irrigation 53 Projects in India 8 Live Storage Capacities under Major & Medium Irrigation Projects by 54 State 9(A) Storage Position of Important Reservoirs of India at the end of each month 55-66 During June 2008 to May 2009 9(B) Storage Position of Important Reservoirs of India at the end of each month 67-78 During June 2007 to May 2008 10 Basinwise Details of Hydrological Observation Stations 79-80 11 Annual Replenishable Ground Water Resource by State 81 12 Availability, Utilization and Stage of Development of Ground Water 82-83 Resources by State 13 Status of Ground Water National Hydrograph Network Stations (NHNs) 84 14 Number of Assessed units (Blocks/Mandal/Talukas/Island/ 85 Districts/UT/State) 15 Ultimate Irrigation Potential by State 86 16 Number of Large Dams by State as on January 2009 87 17 Land Use and Irrigation Statistics by State during 2000-01 to 2007-08 88-94 18 Selected Land Use Parameters by State, 2007-08 95 19 Cropping Pattern according to Land Use Statistics, All-India 96-97 20 Area Irrigated under Selected Crops, All-India 98-99 21 Irrigated Area under Selected Crops by State, 2007-08 100-101 xi

22 Gross/Net Area Sown and Irrigated Area, All-India 102 23 Gross/Net Area Sown and Irrigated Area by State during 2000-01 to 2007-103-114 08 24 Net Irrigated Area by State and Source of Irrigation during 2000-01 to 115-123 2007-08 25 Plan-wise Irrigation Potential Created and Utilised in India 124 26 Plan-wise Cumulative Irrigation Potential Created and Utilised in India 125 27 Plan-wise Achievements of Irrigation Potential Created/Utilised 126-127 (Cumulative) under Major & Medium Irrigation Projects by States 28 Plan-wise Achievements of Irrigation Potential Created and Utilised 128-129 (Cumulative) under Minor Irrigation Schemes (Surface Water) by States 29 Plan-wise Achievements of Irrigation Potential Created and Utilised 130-131 (Cumulative) under Minor Irrigation Schemes (Ground Water) by States 30 Plan-wise Achievements of Irrigation Potential Created and Utilised 132-133 (Cumulative) under Minor Irrigation Schemes (Surface + Ground) by States 31 Plan-wise Achievements of Total Irrigation Potential Created and Utilised 134-135 (Cumulative) by State [taking Major, Medium and Minor Irrigation Schemes into consideration] 32 Irrigation Potential Created, Utilised and Gross Irrigated Area by State, 136-137 2006-07 33 Number of Major, Medium and ERM Irrigation Projects by State 138-139 34 Status of Bore Holes Drilled by Central Ground Water Board by State as 140 on 31.03.2009 35 Cumulative Irrigation Potential Created and Utilised under CAD 141-142 Programme by State 36 Physical Achievements of Field Channels under CAD Programme by State 143-144 37 Physical Achievements of Field Drains under CAD Programme by State 145 38 List of On-going Projects under CADWM Programme during the period of 146-154 XI Plan (2007-08 to 2011-12) 39 Per Capita Consumption of Electricity by State 155 40 Irrigation Pumpsets Energised and Electricity Consumption in Agriculture 156-157 Sector during 2006-07 and 2007-08 by Region/ State 41 All India Area, Production and Yield of Selected Crops 158-160 42 Irrigated and Unirrigated Yield of Principal Crops by State, 1999-2000 to 161-168 2005-2006 43 Year-wise Fish Production in India 169 44 Inland Fish Production by State 170 45 Inland Fish Production Per Hectare Area of Water Bodies by State, 2007-171 08 46(A) State-wise and Region-wise Hydro Electric Potential Development in 172-173 terms of Installed capacity - above 25 MW (as on 31.03.2010) 46(B) State-wise and Region-wise Hydro Electric Potential Development in 174-175 terms of Installed capacity (as on 31.03.2009) 47(A) Basin-wise Hydro Electric Power Potential Development in terms of 176 Installed Capacity - above 25 MW (as on 31.03.2010) 47(B) Basin-Wise Hydro Electric Power Potential Development in terms of 177 Installed Capacity (as on 31.03.2009) 48 Hydro Electric Power Installed Capacity and Generation - All India 178 (Utilities) 49 Domestic Product from Agriculture and Allied Activities at Current Prices 179 xii

50 Domestic Product from Agriculture and Allied Activities at Constant 180 (2004-05) Prices 51 Planwise Financial Expenditure on Irrigation in India 181 52 Planwise Financial Expenditure on Irrigation in India (at 1993-94 prices) 182 53 Statewise and Planwise Financial Expenditure on Major and Medium 183 Irrigation 54 State-wise and Plan-wise Financial Expenditure on Minor Irrigation - State 184-185 Sector 55 State-wise and Plan-wise Financial Expenditure on Minor Irrigation - 186 institutional 56 Central Releases under the Command Area Development Programme by 187-188 State 57 State-wise Expenditure under CAD Programme - State Sector 189 58 Extent of various kinds of Land Degradation in India 190-191 59 Area Developed under various Watershed Development Programmes since 192 inception upto Xth Five Year Plan 60 List of Districts Covered under Drought Prone Areas Programme (DPAP) 193-197 as on 1.4.2010 61 Flood Damage/Heavy Rains in India 198-199 62 State-wise Damage due to Flood / Heavy Rains during 2008 200-201 63 Planwise Expenditure under Flood Management 202 64 Planwise Expenditure & Cumulative Benefits (Area Protected) under 203 Flood Management at 1993-94 Prices 65 State-wise and Plan-wise Expenditure on Flood Management Work 204-205 66 State-wise Progress of Physical Works under Flood Management Works 206 till March 2007 67 Flood Damage in India during 1953 to 2009 at 1993-94 Prices 207-208 68(A) Flood Forecasting Performance at various Forecasting stations during the 209-217 flood season 2008 68(B) Flood Forecasting Performance at various Forecasting stations during the 218-225 flood season 2007 68(C) Flood Forecasting Performance at various Forecasting stations during the 226-235 flood season 2006 69(A) Broad features of Flood Forecasting Performance during Flood Season 236-238 2008 69(B) Broad Features of Flood Forecasting Performance during the Flood season 239-243 2007 69(C) Broad Features of Flood Forecasting Performance during Flood season 244-246 2006 70 Comparative Flood Forecasting Performance from 1986 to 2008 247 71 Projected Water Demand in India (by Different Uses) 248 72 Status of Coverage of Rural Habitations under Rural Water Supply as on 249 1.04.2010 73 Expenditure under Rural Water Supply Programmes 250 Glossary of terms 251-253 xiii

WATER SECTOR AT A GLANCE Item 1. Estimated Annual Precipitation (including snowfall) 4000 BCM. 2. Geographical Area 328.7 Million Hectare 3. i) Census Population 2001 1028.74 Million ii)projected Population 2010 1176.74 Million 4. Estimated Annual Rainfall 2009 3135.67 BCM Table 4A 5. Average Annual Potential in Rivers 1869 BCM Table 1 6. i) Per Capita Water Availability (2001) 1816 Cubic Meter ii) Per Capita Water Availability (2010) 1588 Cubic Meter 7. Estimated Utilisable Water i) Surface 690 BCM Table 1 ii) Ground 433 BCM Table 11 iii) Total 1123 BCM 8. a) Live Storage Capacity 396.57 BCM Table 7 i) Completed Projects 225.14 BCM ii) Projects Under Construction 63.89 BCM iii) Projects Under Consideration 107.54 BCM b) Storage Position of 81 Important Reservoirs (June 2007 to May 2008) Sl. Month Total Live Storage Actual Storage Table 9B BCM Percentage of actual Storage 1. June-07 159.768 49.258 31 2. July-07 159.768 100.604 63 3. Aug-07 159.768 133.472 84 4. Sept-07 159.768 136.152 85 5. Oct-07 159.768 135.829 85 6. Nov-07 159.768 129.048 81 7. Dec-07 159.768 103.756 65 8. Jan-08 159.768 92.179 58 9. Feb-08 159.768 84.000 53 10. Mar-08 159.768 60.394 38 11. Apr-08 159.768 56.097 35 12. May-08 159.768 53.696 34 (June 2008 to May 2009) Table 9A 1. June-08 159.768 45.475 28 2. July-08 159.768 67.984 43 3. Aug-08 159.768 122.548 77 4. Sept-08 159.768 126.262 79 5. Oct-08 159.768 124.168 78 xv

6. Nov-08 159.768 116.139 73 7. Dec-08 159.768 92.066 58 8. Jan-09 159.768 82.682 52 9. Feb-09 159.768 74.289 46 10. Mar-09 159.768 48.181 30 11. Apr-09 159.768 42.843 27 12. May-09 159.768 41.632 26 Table 25 9. Irrigation Potential * 9.1 At the time of Independence (Pre-Plan) 22.6 Million Hectare Created & Utilised i) Major & Medium 9.7 Million Hectare ii) Minor Irrigation 12.9 Million Hectare a) Surface Water 6.4 Million Hectare b) Ground Water 6.5 Million Hectare 9.2 Potential Created Table 25 Minor Period Major. & Med Surface Water Ground Water Total ('000 hectare.) Total Major, Med & Minor VI Plan (1980-85) 1083 1698 5823 7521 8604 VII Plan (1985-90) 2225 1289 7797 9086 11311 Annual Plan (1990-92) 821 470 3273 3743 4564 VIII Plan (1992-97) 2216 843 6702 7545 9761 IX Plan (1997-2002) 4097 80 12855 12935 17032 X Plan (2002-07) 5296 1847 3725 5572 10867 9.3 Major & Medium (Surface Water) Table 15, 32 i) Ultimate 58.5 Million Hectare ii) Created (Upto 2006-07) 42.3 Million Hectare iii) Utilised (Upto 2006-07) 34.4 Million Hectare 9.4 Minor Irrigation Table 15,32 (a) Surface Water i) Ultimate 17.3 Million Hectare ii) Created (Upto 2006-07) 14.1 Million Hectare iii) Utilised (Upto 2006-07) 8.3 Million Hectare (b) Ground Water i) Ultimate 64.1 Million Hectare ii) Created (Upto 2006-07) 66.9 Million Hectare iii) Utilised (Upto 2006-07) 48.4 Million Hectare (c) Total (Surface & Ground) i) Ultimate 81.4 Million Hectare ii) Created (Upto 2006-07) 81.0 Million Hectare iii) Utilised (Upto 2006-07) 56.7 Million Hectare 9.5 Total (Major & Medium + Minor) Table 15,32 i) Ultimate 139.9 Million Hectare ii) Created (Upto 2006-07) 123.3* Million Hectare iii) Utilised (Upto 2006-07) 91.1 Million Hectare * The figures of IPC and IPU relating to Minor Irrigation Schemes have been presented from Minor Irrigation Division of Ministry of Water Resources. These figures are in variance with those of Planning Commission. xvi

10. Number of Major, Medium & ERM Irrigation Projects Table 33 (Tentative / Under finalisation) Major Projects Medium Projects ERM i) Completed in Pre Plan 74 143 - ii) Completed in Plan Period upto 154 773 91 IX Plan iii) Completed in X Plan 32 40 30 iv) Spilled over Projects in XI Plan 182 273 98 iv) New Projects in XI Plan 78 145 86 11. CAD Programme 11.1 Year of Commencement 1974-75 11.2 Physical Achievement (Cumulative) i) Field Channels (Upto March 2010) 19277.7 000 Hectare Table 36 iv) Field Drains (Upto March 2009) 1964.7 000 Hectare Table 37 12. Land Classification (2007-08) Table 17 Geographical Area 328.73 Million Hectare Reporting Area 305.67 Million Hectare Net Sown Area 140.86 Million Hectare Gross Sown Area (Total Cropped Area) 195.84 Million Hectare Total Cultivable Land 182.44 Million Hectare 13. Area Irrigated (2007-08) Table 17 i) Gross 87.26 Million Hectare ii) Net 62.29 Million Hectare 14. Net Irrigated Area by Source (2007-08) Table 24 i) Canals 16.5 Million Hectare ii) Tanks 2.0 Million Hectare iii) Wells 37.8 Million Hectare iv) Others 6.0 Million Hectare Total 62.3 Million Hectare 15. Area & Production of Total Foodgrain Table 41 Year Area (Mha) Production (Million Tonnes) 1950-51 97.3 50.8 1980-81 126.7 129.6 1990-91 127.8 176.4 2000-01 121.1 196.8 2005-06 121.6 208.6 2006-07 123.7 217.3 2007-08 124.1 230.8 2008-09 (P) 123.2 233.9 16. Foodgrain Production (2008-09) Table 41 i) Rice 99.2 Million Tonne ii) Wheat 80.6 Million Tonne iii) Coarse Cereals 39.5 Million Tonne iv) Pulses 14.7 Million Tonne Total 233.9 Million Tonne xvii

17. Expenditure on Irrigation Sector Table 51 (Rs. Million) Period Major & Medium Minor CAD Total % of Expenditure on Irrigation to Total First Plan (1951-56) 3762 656 Nil 4418 23 Seventh Plan (1985-90) 111073 61929 14475 187477 9 Annual Plan (1990-91) 26348 14878 2856 44082 8 Annual Plan (1991-92) 28240 15181 3338 46759 7 Eighth Plan (1992-97) 216692 104724 19379 340795 7 Ninth Plan (1997 02) 492896 112967 22228 628091 7 Tenth Plan (2002 07) 712132 176640 41967 930739 6 Annual Plan (2002 03) 96557 23115 4426 124098 6 (Actual Expenses) Annual Plan (2003-04) 110464 25926 3751 140140 6 (Actual Expenses) Annual Plan (2004-05) 162584 29897 4072 196553 10 (Actual Expenses) Annual Plan (2005-06) 205958 47461 6047 259466 11 (Actual Expenses) Annual Plan (2006-07) 246389 47584 19861 313834 13 (Revised Approved Outlay) Annual Plan (2007-08) (Approved Outlay) 295302 58867 20812 374981 13 18. Land Degradation Table 58 a) Area Affected Due to i) Water Erosion 93.68 Million Hectare ii) Wind Erosion 9.48 Million Hectare Total (a) 103.16 Million Hectare b) Area Affected due to other Causes i) Water Logging 14.30 Million Hectare ii) Salinity / Alkanity 5.94 Million Hectare iii) Soil Acidity 16.03 Million Hectare iv) Complex Problem 7.38 Million Hectare Total (b) 43.65 Million Hectare Total Degraded Area (a + b ) 146.82 Million Hectare 19. Districts covered under drought prone area programme (DPAP) As on April 2010 Table 60 i) of States 16 ii) of Districts 195 iii) of Blocks 972 iv) Area of Blocks 745914 Sq.km xviii

20. Flood Damages during 2008 Table 62 i) Area Affected N.A. Million Hectare ii) Cropped Area Affected 1.70 Million Hectare iii) Value of Damages to Crops 679.28 Rs. Crore iv) Population Affected 19.21 Million v) Human Lives Lost 2143 vi) Cattle lost 17 Th. Nos. vii) of Houses Damage 914 Th. Nos. viii) Value of Damaged Houses 441.10 Rs. Crore ix) Damage to Public Utility 1094.02 Rs. Crore x) Total Loss to Crop, House and Public Utility 2214.41 Rs. Crore 21. Flood Management 21.1 a) Year of Commencement 1958 Table 66 b) Flood Prone Area 40 Million Hectare c) Area Benefited upto March 2007 18.22 Million Hectare 22. Flood Forecasting Performance (Between 1.5.2008 and 31.10.2008) Table 69A i) of Flood Forecasting Stations Operated 175 ii) of Flood Forecasting Stations which issued Forecast 128 iii)total of Forecasts issued 6691 iv) Total Correct Forecasts within (+/ -15cm) / (+/-20% cumecs) 6554 97.95% 23. Projected water demand Table 71 MOWR NCIWRD Year 2010 2025 2010 2025 Low High Low High Billion Cubic Metre i) Irrigation 688 910 543 557 561 611 Billion Cubic Metre ii) Drinking Water 56 73 42 43 55 62 Billion Cubic Metre iii) Industry 12 23 37 37 67 67 Billion Cubic Metre iv) Energy 5 15 18 19 31 33 Billion Cubic Metre v) Other 52 72 54 54 70 70 Billion Cubic Metre Total 813 1093 694 710 784 843 Billion Cubic Metre xix

Chapter 1 Introduction Growing population coupled with sustainable developmental efforts has an increasing stress on water resources. The uneven distribution over time and space of water resources and their modification through human use and abuse are sources of water crises in many parts of the world. All these result in intensifying the pressure on water resources leading to tensions, conflict among users and excessive pressure on the environment. These demand the planners and policy makers for a proper management of water resources. This, in turn, calls for a reliable and adequate statistics on water and related aspects. According to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) 1 estimates, the total volume of water on earth is about 1.4 billion km 3, which is enough to cover the earth with a layer of 3 km depth. However, World's oceans cover about three-fourths of earth s surface while the fresh water constitutes a very small proportion of this enormous quantity available on the earth. It is only about 35 million km 3 or 2.5% of the total volume. Of these, 24 million km 3 or 68.9% is in the form of ice and permanent snow cover in mountainous regions, and in the Antarctic and Arctic regions and another 29.9% is present as ground water (shallow and deep groundwater basins up to 2,000 metres). The rest 0.3% is available in lakes, rivers (0.3%) and 0.9% in soil moisture, swamp water and permafrost atmosphere. Some useful facts and figures on world's water is presented in Box 1 and Box 2. The present publication is being brought out once in every two years and covers a wide range of data on water resources and its related resources in the country. The last edition of this publication was brought out in 2008.However, in this volume a number of changes have been incorporated over the previous one. The present edition excludes tables relating financial aspects and hydrological data as these are already covered in other publications of CWC. The publication comprises six chapters in all. Summary tables and charts have been included within the chapters to facilitate overview and better understanding. Chapter 1 presents introduction while Chapter 2 deals with key indicators of water resources including, inter-alia, water availability, creation of storages and ultimate irrigation potential. Chapter 3 deals with data on utilisation of water resources. Chapter 4 relates to agricultural production, production/output data on other water related sectors viz. Fisheries, Hydro-electric Power etc. 1 Source: Igor A. Shiklomanov, State Hydrological Institute (SHL. St. Petersburg) and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO, Paris), 1999. 1

Chapter 5 gives a brief account of financial resources used in irrigation projects. Social and environmental aspects of water resources development activities as well as data on flood damages and flood protection works are dealt with in Chapter 6. Detailed tables have been included towards the end. A Glossary of terms is also included in this edition. Box 1: Some Facts and Figures on Water Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) The daily drinking water requirement per person is 2-4 litres, but it takes 2000 to 5000 litres of water to produce one person's daily food. It takes 1000-3000 litres of water to produce just one kilo of rice. In 2007, the estimated number of undernourished people worldwide was 923 million. Over the period to 2050 the world's water will have to support the agricultural systems that will feed and create livelihoods for an additional 2.7 billion people. The extent of land under irrigation in the world is 277 million hectares, about 20 percent of all cropland. Rainfed agriculture is practiced on the remaining 80 percent of the arable land. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicts yields from rain-dependent agriculture could be down by 50 percent by 2020. Due to climate change, Himalayan snow and ice, which provide vast amounts of water for agriculture in Asia, are expected to decline by 20 percent by 2030. Irrigation increases yields of most crops by 100 to 400 percent, and irrigated agriculture currently contributes to 40 percent of the world's food production. Water use has been growing at more than the rate twice of population increase in the last century. By 2025, 1800 million people will be living in countries or regions with absolute water scarcity, and two-thirds of the world population could be under stress conditions. World Water Assessment Programme (WWAP) Poor drainage and irrigation practices have led to waterlogging and salinization of approximately 10 percent of the world's irrigated lands. How the world uses freshwater: Irrigation- about 70%, Industry - about 22%, Domestic use - about 8% Global Environment Outlook: environment for development (GEO-4) Water withdrawals are predicted to increase by 50 percent by 2025 in developing countries, and 18 per cent in developed countries. Human Development Report 2006 Over 1.4 billion people currently live in river basins where the use of water exceeds minimum recharge levels, leading to the desiccation of rivers and depletion of groundwater. 2

Chapter 2 Water and Related Resources Water resources have two facets dynamic and static. The dynamic and renewable nature of the water resources and the recurrent need for its utilisation requires that water resources are measured in terms of its flow rates. The dynamic resource measured as flow is more relevant for most of developmental needs. The static or fixed nature of the resource, involving the quantity of water, the length or area of the water bodies is also relevant for some activities like pisciculture, navigation etc. Both these aspects are discussed below. Rivers : India is blessed with many rivers with varying catchment area and water resources potential. The catchment Table T1: Major River Basins areas of these rivers are Unit: BCM divided into 20 river basins. Sl. River Basin Catchment Average Utilisable The major river basins are Area Water Surface listed in Table T1. Of the (Sq. Km.) Resources Water major rivers, the Ganga - Potential Resources Brahmaputra - Meghna 1 2 3 4 5 system is the largest with 1 a) Ganga 861452 525.02 250.0 catchment area of about 11 lakh sq km. The other major rivers with catchment area about one lakh sq km or more are: Indus, Godavari, 2 3 4 b) Brahmaputra c) Barak & Others Indus (up to Border) Godavari Krishna 194413 41723 321289 312812 258948 537.24 48.36 73.31 110.54 78.12 24.0 46.0 76.3 58.0 Krishna, Mahanadi and 5 Mahanadi 141589 66.88 50.0 Narmada. 6 Narmada 98796 45.64 34.5 Water Bodies: Inland Fishery Water resources of the country are classified as: rivers and canals; reservoirs; tanks, lakes & ponds; lakes and derelict water bodies; and brackish water. The area of water bodies at all-india level has been Table T2: Inland Fishery Water Resources 1 2 Rivers & Canals (length in km) 195210 Other Water Bodies (area in Mha) Reservoirs 2.91 Tanks, Lakes & Ponds 2.41 Flood Plaine Lakes & Derelict 0.80 Water Brackish Water 1.24 Total 7.4 0 presented in Table T2. Other than rivers and canals, total water bodies cover an area of about 7.4 Mha. Although the area of rivers and canals has not been obtained their total length in the country is about 2 lakh km. The States and UTs have been classified by their total length of rivers and canals in Table T3. It shows Uttar Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir 3

are having the highest total length of rivers and canals. Among the remaining forms of the inland water resources 'reservoirs' have maximum area (2.9 Mha) followed by 'tanks, lakes and ponds' (2.4 Mha). The total area of inland water resources (other than rivers and canals) is unevenly distributed over the States. These areas are mainly distributed over seven states, namely, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Kerala and Uttar Pradesh. As regards reservoirs in particular, States like Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh account for Table T3: States by total length of rivers and canals Length (km) Name of States/UT 1 2 <500 Andaman & Nicobar Is, Chandigarh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu, Delhi, Goa, Lakshadweep, Pudicherry 500-999 Sikkim 1000-1999 Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura 2000-4999 Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Kerala, Manipur, Orissa, Uttarakhand, West Bengal 5000-9999 Haryana, Karnataka, Meghalaya, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, 10000-14999 Andhra Pradesh 15000-19999 Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, 20000-24999 25000 & above Jammu & Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh larger portion of area under reservoirs. Most of the areas under tanks, lakes and ponds lies in States of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Arunachal Pradesh and West Bengal. These states account for 56% of total area under tanks and ponds in the country. The area under floodplain lakes and derelict water bodies is considerably high in the States of Assam, Kerala, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh. Orissa ranks first as regards the total area of brackish water and is followed by Kerala, West Bengal and Gujarat. Rainfall: The annual precipitation including snowfall, which is the main source of water in the country, is estimated to be of the Table T4: Volume of Rainfall in the country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Rainfall 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Total (mm) 1110 930 1234 1086 1215 1161 1181 1117 954 Total Volume 3648 3200 4057 3570 3996 3819 3882 3674 3136 (BCM) order of 4000 BCM. A summary of rainfall in the country has been given in Table T4. Accordingly there is no specific trend of rainfall. In 2009, the total volume of rainfall was 3136 BCM as against 3674 BCM recorded during the previous calendar year registering a decrease of about 15%. For the purpose of seasonal rainfall, country has been divided into 36 meteorological sub-divisions. Out of these, only 6 meteorological sub-divisions had positive departure from normal rainfall during 2009 as against positive departure in 18 sub-divisions 4

during 2008. There were widespread variations among different sub-divisions in terms of rainfall received. Maximum rainfall was recorded in Coastal Karnataka (379.8 cm), followed by Kerala (281.6 cm), Konkan and Goa (273.8 cm) and Andaman & Nicobar (261.4 cm). The rainfall was recorded less than 50 cm in Rajasthan East & West, Punjab and Haryana, Chandigarh and Delhi. The distribution of number of districts with levels of rainfall received during 2009 gives that only 9% of districts received excess rainfall in the country while 51% of the districts received deficient rainfall. Water Resources Potential: The water resources potential of the country which occurs as natural run off in the rivers is about 1869 BCM as per the estimates of Central Water Commission (CWC), considering both surface and ground water into account. Ganga- Brahmaputra-Meghna system is the major contributor to total water resources potential of the country. Its share is 59% in total water resources potential of the various rivers. The estimated Table T5: Percentage of Water Resources Potential in major basins River Basin Water resources Potential (% to total 1869 BCM) Utilisable surface Water (% to total 690 BCM) 1 2 3 Ganga, Brahmaputra, 59.4 39.7 Barak Indus (up to Border) 3.9 6.7 Godavari 5.9 11.1 Krishna 4.2 8.4 Mahanadi 3.6 7.2 Narmada 2.4 5.0 Others 20.6 21.9 per capita availability of water works out to 1588 cubic metre (cu.m) as on March 2010. Due to various constraints of topography, uneven distribution of resource over space and time, it has been estimated that only about 1123 BCM of total potential of 1869 BCM can be put to beneficial use, 690 BCM being due to surface water resources. Again about 40% of utilisable surface water resources are presently in Ganga Brahmaputra - Meghna system. 5

The distribution of water resources potential in the country shows that the national per capita annual availability of water at 1820 cu. m in 2001 is estimated at 1588 in 2010. The average availability in Ganga, Brahmaputra and Barak is estimated as at 2020 cu m while it is as low as 260 cu m in Sabarmati basin in 2000. Any cu m per capita is considered by international agencies as scarcity conditions. Cauvery, Pennar, Sabarmati and East Flowing Rivers are some of the basins, which fall into this category out of which Pennar, Sabarmati and East Flowing rivers will face more acute water scarcity with per capita availability of water less than or around 500 cu m during 2010. Surface Storage: A total storage capacity of about 225 BCM has been created in the country due to the major & medium projects since completed. The Projects under construction will contribute to additional 64 BCM while the contribution expected from projects under consideration is 107 BCM. Thus likely storage available will be 396 BCM once the projects under construction or consideration are completed against the total water availability of 1869 BCM in the river basins of the country. 6

Maximum storage again lies in the Ganga Basin, which is far ahead of other basins. The other basins where the live storage capacity of the projects (taking those constructed and under construction) is high are Krishna, Godavari, Narmada and Indus. But if projects under consideration are also taken into account, Brahmaputra & Barak basin will occupy the second place after Ganga Basin. Pennar is the leading basin in terms of storage capacities as percentage of average annual flow. The storage capacities as percentage of average annual flow exceed 50% for Tapi, Krishna, West Flowing Rivers of Kutch and Saurashtra, Narmada, Brahmani and Baitarni basins while for Ganga basin and Brahmaputra - Barak Basin, the corresponding figures are 17 % and 9 % respectively. Major States like Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh together account for about 70 % of total live storage capacity in the country. The States of Arunachal Pradesh, Orissa & Uttar Pradesh account for 72 % of the total storage of projects under consideration. 7

Month-wise storage position of important reservoirs for the latest year is also presented in the publication. Ground water Total replenishable ground water potential of the country has been estimated as 433 BCM per year. Uttar Pradesh ranks first among the states in terms of replenishable ground water resources. Development of Ground Water in Delhi in percentage is the highest followed by Punjab and Rajasthan. The other States where the percentage development is more than 50 % are Haryana, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. The status of expansion of Hydrograph network in the country can be known from the distribution of ground water hydrograph network stations over the years. Table T6: Annual Replenishable Ground Water Resources State Annual Replenishable Ground Water Resources (BCM / Year) 1 2 Andhra Pradesh 36.50 Assam 27.23 Bihar 29.19 Madhya Pradesh 37.19 Maharashtra 32.96 Orissa 23.09 Punjab 23.78 Tamil Nadu 23.07 Uttar Pradesh 76.35 West Bengal 30.36 Others 93.30 Distribution of blocks/ talukas/ water-sheds/ mandals according to safe, semi critical and over exploited has also been given. The maximum percentage of over exploited assessed units is in Delhi followed by Punjab and Rajasthan. Irrigation potential Table T7: Ultimate Irrigation Potential (Mha) State Major & Minor Total The total ultimate irrigation 1 Medium 2 Surface 3 Ground 4 5 potential (UIP) of the country stands at about 140 Mha. The share UP Bihar 12.1 5.2 1.2 1.5 16.3 4.1 29.7 10.8 of Minor Irrigation is higher by 22.96 Mha as compared to that of MP 4.9 2.1 9.2 16.2 Major & Medium Irrigation. AP Maharashtra Others All-India 5.0 4.1 27.2 58.5 2.3 1.2 9.0 17.3 3.9 3.6 27.0 64.1 11.2 8.9 63.1 139.9 Ground Water contributes more than 79% of the total ultimate potential through minor irrigation. Uttar Pradesh and Bihar are two largest states in term of potential due to Major & Medium Irrigation Projects. These two states 8

along with Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra account for about 54% of the total ultimate potential of Major & Medium Irrigation in the country. The largest UIP for Minor Irrigation (Ground Water) exists in Uttar Pradesh. Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh are two major states in which potential of Minor Irrigation (Surface Water) is much higher than the remaining states. Uttar Pradesh again occupies the first place among the states having maximum potential due to all type of schemes. Table T8: Number of Dams State Completed Under Total Construction 1 2 3 4 Maharashtra 1676 145 1821 Madhya 899 7 906 Pradesh Gujarat 598 68 666 Andhra 283 51 334 Pradesh All-India 4711 390 5101 Dams Scenario India: As per the National Register of Large Dams containing data compiled up to January 2009 on 5101 Dams in the Country, Maharashtra has the maximum number of dams (1821). Decade wise distribution of dams indicates that the maximum number of dams in India were completed during the decades 1971-80 (1280) and 1981-90 (1243) 9

Chapter 3 Resources Utilisation This section deals with data on resources utilisation such as cropping pattern, land use, irrigated area, irrigation potential created and utilised, physical achievements under different Command Area Development (CAD) Programmes, electricity consumption in agriculture etc. Land Use Statistics For the purpose of Land Use Statistics the reporting area for the country in 2007-08 was 305.7 million hectare (Mha), which was about 93% of the geographical area. Except for Arunachal Pradesh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Chandigarh, Jammu & Kashmir, Manipur, Andaman & Nicobar and Daman and Diu the reporting areas for all other States/UTs work out to be more than 99% of their respective geographical area. Table T 9: Land Use and Irrigation Statistics All India '000 ha YEAR Population ('000) Geograph ical Area Reporting Area Net Sown Total Cultivab Gross Sown Gross Irrigated Net Irrigated Area le Area Area Area Area (NSA) (TCA) (GSA) (GIA) (NIA) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2003-04 1079117 328726 305556 140757 183186 190077 78147 56959 2004-05 1095722 328726 305578 141167 183007 191545 81181 59206 2005-06 1112186 328726 305432 141490 182737 193049 83939 60411 2006-07 1128521 328726 305638 139946 182545 193228 86504 61707 2007-08 1144734 328726 305674 140861 182442 195835 87259 62286 11

Total Cultivable Area (TCA) in the country during the year 2007-08 was 182.4 Mha which was about 60% of the reporting area. Four States namely Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh accounted for 45.6% of the TCA of the country. During 2007-08, for the country as a whole, GSA exceeded Net Sown Area (NSA) by about 39%. Punjab (88%), West Bengal (84%) Haryana (80%) Himachal Pradesh (79%) were front runners in this aspect, indicating higher occurrence of multiple cropping in these States. The highest cultivable area has been reported for the State of Rajasthan, which is about 26 Mha followed by Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh having 21, 19 and 17 Mha of cultivable area respectively. The NSA of the country for the year 2007-08 was 141 Mha which was about 46% of the reporting area. Maharashtra had the highest NSA of 17.5 Mha followed by Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh with net sown area of 17.1 and 16.4 Mha respectively. Gross Irrigated Area (GIA) of the country was about 45% of the GSA, ranging from as high as 98% for Punjab to as low as 2% for Assam. The highest NIA was in Uttar Pradesh which was 13.1 Mha followed by Rajasthan & Madhya Pradesh with NIA of 6.4 and 6.4 Mha respectively. Cropping Pattern The cropping pattern according to land use Statistics shows that the total cropped area in 2007-08 was 195.8 Mha. Food-grain cultivation formed 64.3% of the total cropped area, out of which 51.6% is attributed to cereals and 12.7% to pulses. Among the cereals, the share of rice and wheat in total cropped area was 22.5% and 14.5% respectively. The total oilseeds accounted for 14.8% of the total cropped area. The percentage share of the net area sown to total cropped area was about 72% during the year. Analysing the cropping pattern since 2000-01, it is observed that the percentage of cropped area under wheat remained around 14% while the percentage under rice has declined from 24.2% to 22.5%. Table T 10: Cropping Pattern for Wheat and Rice All India '000 ha. Crop / 1950-51 1960-61 1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2007-08 Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Wheat 10010 12931 18293 22225 24096 25796 28398 Rice 31056 34056 37381 40237 42744 44761 44121 Total Cropped Area 131893 152772 165791 172630 185742 185340 195835 12

Area sown more than once was 23.7% of the total cropped area in 2000-01, which has gone up to 28.1% of total cropped area in 2007-08. Irrigated Area Under Principal Crops Gross irrigated area during 2007-08 was 87.3 Mha of which foodgrain crops contributed about 67.6% comprising cereals & millets and pulses with 63.0% and 4.6% respectively. Among the cereals, rice and wheat were the main irrigated crops having their shares in the gross irrigated area at 28.8 and 29.6% respectively. Table T11: Gross Irrigated Area for a Few Selected Crops All India '000 Ha. Crop / Year 1950-51 1960-61 1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2007-08 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Wheat 3402 4233 9924 15553 19511 22798 25807 Rice 9844 12523 14339 16364 19469 24337 25101 Rapeseed & N.A. 138 356 990 3076 2759 4427 Mustard Cotton 465 967 1358 2115 2487 2766 3303 Total Gross Irrigated Area 22563 27980 38195 49775 63204 76187 87259 13

Among the cereals, it is observed that irrigated area under rice is fluctuating between 28.8 and 31.9 Mha during the period 2000-01 to 2007-08.The irrigated area under wheat remained between 29.6 to 30.9 Mha during the same period Analysis of data of State-wise irrigated area under different selected crops for the year 2007-08 shows that the main States contributing to irrigated area under rice are Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, and Punjab with their shares as 17.5, 15.3, 11 and 10.3% respectively of the total area irrigated under rice. Irrigated area under wheat was concentrated in the States of Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Haryana contributing about 81% of total irrigated area under wheat in the country. For pulses, Madhya Pradesh had the maximum irrigated area followed by Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. Sugarcane had the highest irrigated area in Uttar Pradesh having its share as 42% in the total irrigated area under this crop in the country. Table T12: Irrigated Area during 2007-08 '000 ha. States Rice Wheat Pulses Sugar Cane Rapeseed & Mustard 1 2 3 4 5 6 Haryana 1072 2449 80 139 385 Madhya Pradesh 252 3433 1625 104 306 Punjab 2592 3437 29 104 26 Rajasthan 53 2575 606 10 2197 Uttar Pradesh 4406 8900 555 2008 682 All India 25101 25807 4020 4756 4427 Based on analysis of the time series data of NSA and GSA for foodgrain and all crops for the period 1950-51 to 2007-08, it is observed that NSA has gone up by 18.6% while Gross Sown Area has gone up by 48.4% for all crops and 24.5% for foodgrains during the same period. Area sown more than once has gone up from 13.1 Mha to 55 Mha, whereas area 14

irrigated more than once has gone up from 1.7 Mha to 25 Mha during the period 1950-51 to 2007-08. Sources of Irrigation and Area Irrigated The main sources of irrigation in the country are canals, tanks and wells including tubewells. Analysing the provisional data on net area irrigated by source for the year 2007-08,it is observed that wells provided 60.7% irrigation followed by canals with 26.5% at All India level. Among the States Mizoram and Meghalaya are the only States getting 100% of their irrigation through canals followed by Jammu & Kashmir, Chhattisgarh and Haryana with 92.9%, 68.5% and 45.6%. Irrigation by tanks is highest in the State of Tamil Nadu at 17.7% followed by Jharkhand at 16.2%. Irrigation through wells including tube wells is common in all the States except hilly regions and North-eastern States. The States of Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Uttarakhand got more than 60% of their total net irrigated area covered by wells during 2007-08. Chandigarh and Lakshadweep got 100% of their net area irrigated through wells. Table T13: Source Wise Net Irrigated Area in India '000 ha. Year Canal Tank Wells Other Sources Total (All Sources) 1 2 3 4 5 6 2000-01 15965 2455 33829 2885 55133 2001-02 15201 2186 35183 4352 56922 2002-03 14012 1803 34393 3664 53871 2003-04 14372 1912 36387 4288 56959 2004-05 14688 1735 35215 7567 59206 2005-06 16542 2078 35835 5956 60411 2006-07 16869 2063 36824 5951 61707 2007-08 16531 1964 37787 6005 62286 15

Irrigation Development in the Country There are three types of irrigation schemes in the country namely major, medium and minor classified on the basis of their CCA. The minor schemes are further divided into two categories viz. Surface Water Schemes and Ground Water Schemes. Analysing the data on potential created and utilised over different Plan periods, it is observed that irrigation potential created has increased from 22.6Mha in pre-plan era to 123.3 Mha by the end of X Plan (2002-07). Out of this 42.3 Mha is from major & medium schemes and the remaining 81.0 Mha from minor schemes. The percentage utilisation of total potential created was 73.9 at the end of 2006-07. It remained around 90 to 95% during different Plan periods up to the end of Annual Plans 1990-92. From IX Plan onwards, the utilisation percentage is around 74%. 16

Among the States, for major & medium, projects, the potential created at the end of X Plan (2002-07) is highest for Uttar Pradesh with 8.8 Mha followed by Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra with 3.7 and 3.5 Mha respectively. The total share of these three States was about 38% in creation of total irrigation potential. The percentage of potential created upto the end of X Plan to ultimate potential through Major & Medium Irrigation projects is 72% at national level. Analysing the data on potential utilisation at the end of X Plan, it is found that about 81% of the potential created was utilised under major & medium irrigation projects at All-India level. Among the States, Tamil Nadu was at top with 99.7% utilisation whereas Punjab, Orissa Rajasthan and Jammu & Kashmir were having 90% or more utilisation. Table T14: Achievements of Irrigation Potential Created / Utilised for Major & Medium Irrigation '000 ha. States Ultimate Irrigation Potential (UIP) Potential Created upto X Plan (IPC) Potential Utilised upto X Plan (IPU) % of IPC till 2006-07 to UIP % of IPU till 2006-07 to IPC 1 2 3 4 5 6 Andhra Pradesh 5000 3742.7 3337.2 74.9 89.2 Haryana 3000 2191.4 1909.7 73.0 87.1 Jammu & Kashmir 250 203.3 184.1 81.3 90.6 Karnataka 2500 2127.8 1849.9 85.1 86.9 Orissa 3600 1990.0 1900.4 55.3 95.5 Punjab 3000 2604.7 2530.0 86.8 97.1 Rajasthan 2750 2890.4 2611.6 105.1 90.4 Tamil Nadu 1500 1561.1 1556.9 104.1 99.7 West Bengal 2300 1769.8 1583.4 76.9 89.5 All India 58465 42277.1 34381.7 72.3 81.3 17

For Minor Irrigation, the total ultimate potential for the country as whole is 81.4 Mha, while Potential Created and Utilised till the end of X Plan 2002-07 were 80.9 and 56.7 Mha respectively at All-India level. The percentage of potential created till 2006-07 to ultimate potential is 99.5 at national level. The percentage of potential utilised for minor irrigation till 2006-07, corresponding to potential created was 70% at All-India level. Among the States it is the highest for Haryana with 93.3% potential utilisation followed by Punjab at 91.6%. In a nutshell, at the end of X Plan (2002-07), if all the major, medium and minor schemes are considered cumulatively, out of 140 Mha of ultimate potential 88.1% has been created of which 73.9% has been utilised at the national level. State-wise data on irrigation potential created and utilised upto 2006-07 as available in CWC as well as the Gross Irrigated Area from the Ministry of Agriculture are presented. It is observed that if all the Major, Medium and Minor schemes are considered cumulatively, a total of 123.3 Mha of irrigation potential has been created at the All-India level upto 2006-07 out of which 88%has been utilised. The gross irrigated area for 2006-07 is 85.8 Mha Among the states the potential created upto 2006-07 is the highest for Uttar Pradesh at 29.2 Mha followed by Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra at 9.7 and 9.4 Mha respectively. In terms of the GIA for the year 2006-07, Uttar Pradesh ranks first at 19.1 Mha followed by Rajasthan and Punjab at 7.9 and 7.7 Mha respectively. 18

Major & Medium Irrigation Projects Up to IX Plan (1997-2002), there were 228 completed major projects and another 32 have been completed in X Plan (2002-2007). The number of spilled over major projects in XI Plan is 182 out of which 58 are in Maharashtra and 30 in Andhra Pradesh. Among the States the largest numbers of major projects completed up to the end of IX Plan were in Uttar Pradesh (57) followed by Maharashtra (21) and Gujarat (19). The largest number of 12 new Major Projects were identified in Bihar while the maximum number of ongoing major projects is in Maharashtra. A total of 916 medium projects were completed up to the IX Plan and another 40 are completed in X Plan period. 145 new medium projects have been included in XI Plan. The largest number of new projects (27) were identified in Madhya Pradesh. For ongoing medium projects, the maximum number is in Maharashtra (109) followed by Karnataka (31). Besides major & medium projects there are Extension, Renovation and Modernisation (ERM) Projects also. 91 such projects were completed up to IX Plan and 30 projects have been completed in X Plan. Whereas, there are 98 ongoing ERM projects in XI Plan and 86 ERM new projects have been identified in XI Plan. Table T15: Major, Medium & ERM Irrigation Projects in India Completed upto X Plan Spilled over Project in XI Plan New Project in XI Plan 1 2 3 4 Major Projects 260 182 78 Medium Projects 956 273 145 ERM Projects 121 98 86 Total 1337 553 309 Status of Bore Holes For minor irrigation, various types of bore holes have been drilled in the country by the Central Ground Water Board. The main types of bore holes are Exploratory Well(EW), Observation Well(OW), Slim Hole(SH), Pizo Metre(PZ) and Deposit Well(DW). The 19

cumulative total of these structures shows that there were 28348 structures as on 31.03.2009 in the country. Out of which DW constitutes about 13.9% while the remaining 86.1% are other types of bore holes. Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat and Uttarakhand account for 59% of the total bore holes in the country. Out of total DW schemes in the country, Rajasthan, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh account for 14% of total DW Schemes in the country. Command Area Development The Command Area Development (CAD) programme was started in 1974-75, as a centrally sponsored scheme to achieve speedy utilisation of irrigation potential created and also to improve productivity in selected irrigated commands. The important activities of this programme are development of field channels, land levelling, warabandi, and field drains etc. Land levelling has been discontinued since March 2004. The cumulative achievement since inception of the programme shows 19.3 Mha field channels (till the end of March 2010) and 1.96 Mha field drains (upto March 2009) have been created. Analysing cumulative data for all the states, it is observed that the development of field channels up to March 2010 is the highest for Uttar Pradesh followed by Karnataka and Rajasthan. These States accounted for 51% of the total achievement under the programme. Electricity and its Consumption in Agriculture Per capita electricity consumption in agriculture has increased from 88.1 KWH in 2006-07 to 91.33 KWH in 2007-08 which is 18% of the total consumption of electricity per capita. Analysing the per capita consumption of electricity in agriculture during 2007-08, it is observed that amongst the States, Punjab with per capita consumption of 379 kilo watt hour (KWH) was at the top followed by Haryana and Gujarat at 311 KWH and 195 KWH respectively. Goa (1608 KWH) is the leading State so far as per capita total electricity consumption is concerned followed by Punjab (1159 KWH) and Gujarat (1119 KWH). In the UTs, Dadra & Nagar Haveli was at 11282 KWH followed by Daman & Diu at 6767 KWH per capita total electricity consumption. Table T16: Per Capita Consumption of Electricity 2006-07 2007-08 Agricultural Sector 88.1 91.33 Total 467.68 506.66 KWH 20

Irrigation pump sets energised as on 31.3.2008, were 15.7 million. Among the regions, southern region was on the top with its share of 42% in total irrigation pumpsets energised followed by western and northern regions with 33% and 21% respectively. Among the States, pumpsets energised were highest in Maharashtra with 2.90 million pumpsets followed by Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka with 2.44, 1.95 and 1.72 million respectively. 82.3% of villages were electrified as on March 2008 as per 2001 census. Among the regions, the southern region with 99.5% of villages electrified was followed by western and northern region with 94.2% and 87.2% respectively. The states of Haryana, Punjab, Delhi, Goa, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Tamil Nadu have achieved 100% electrification of villages in 2008. 21