DATA SOURCES Most of the data used in this report come from statistical yearbooks. These statistical yearbooks are compiled by relevant authorities in charge, usually on an annual basis. Therefore, they represent the authoritative source of information. The most comprehensive yearbooks are the China Statistical Yearbook (Series), compiled by the National Bureau of Statistics. These yearbooks cover many significant national statistics, relavent to the education system and science and technology developments. The China Education Yearbook (Series) is compiled by the Ministry of Education and provides more detailed statistics on education. The China Labour Statistical Yearbook (Series) and China Statistical Yearbook of Science and Technology (Series), compiled with input from the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Science and Technology, also include data relevant to higher education and higher education out puts. Other more specific yearbooks, such as the China Educational Finance Statistical Yearbook (Series) provides detailed and specific statistics in focused areas. Below is a list of the yearbook sources: Educational Statistics Yearbook of China (Series), Author: Department of Development and Planning, Ministry of Education, People s Republic of China Publisher: Peoples Education Press China Education Yearbook (Series), Author: Ministry of Education, People s Republic of China Publisher: China Education Press China Statistical Yearbook (Series), Author: National Bureau of Statistics of China Publisher: China Statistics Press China Statistical Abstract (Series), Author: National Bureau of Statistics of China 103
DATA SOURCES Publisher: China Statistics Press China Educational Finance Statistical Yearbook (Series), Authors: Department of Finance, Ministry of Education, People s Republic of China, and Department of Social, Science, and Technology Statistics, National Bureau of Statistics of China Publisher: China Statistics Press Collection of Statistics (Series), Author: China Economic Monitoring & Analysis Center, National Bureau of Statistics of China Publisher: China Economic Monitoring & Analysis Center, National Bureau of Statistics of China China Labour Statistical Yearbook (Series), Authors: Department of Population and Employment Statistics, National Bureau of Statistics of China, and Department of Planning Finance, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, People s Republic of China Publisher: China Statistics Press China Statistical Yearbook of Science and Technology (Series), Authors: National Bureau of Statistics of China, and Ministry of Science and Technology, People s Republic of China Publisher: China Statistics Press 104
NOTES The monetary values used throughout this report are constant, they have not been adjusted for inflation or deflation over time. As per June 2010, one Chinese Yuan is equivalent to 0.147 US Dollars. 105
LIST OF 985 UNIVERSITIES Province University Name Year Joining Administrative the Project Body Beijing Peking University 1999 MoE Tsinghua University 1999 MoE Beijing Institute of Technology 2000 MIIT Beihang University 2001 MIIT Beijing Normal University 2002 MoE Renmin University of China 2003 MoE China Agricultural University 2004 MoE Minzu University of China 2004 SEAC Tianjin Nankai University 2000 MoE Tianjin University 2000 MoE 107
Province University Name Year Joining Administrative the Project Body Shanghai Fudan University 1999 MoE Shanghai Jiao Tong University 1999 MoE Tongji University 2002 MoE East China Normal University 2007 MoE Liaoning Dalian University of Technology 2001 MoE Northeastern University 2002 MoE Jiangsu Nanjing University 1999 MoE Southeast University 2001 MoE Zhejiang Zhejiang University 1999 MoE Fujian Xiamen University 2001 MoE Shandong Shandong University 2001 MoE Ocean University of China 2001 MoE Guangdong Sun Yat-Sen Univeristy 2001 MoE South China University of Technology 2001 MoE Jilin Jilin University 2001 MoE 108
Province University Name Year Joining Administrative the Project Body Heilongjiang Harbin Institute of Technology 1999 MIIT Anhui University of Science and 1999 CAS Technology of China Hubei Wuhan University 2001 MoE Huazhong University of Science 2001 MoE and Technology Hunan Hunan University 2001 MoE Central South University 2001 MoE National University of Defense 2004 CMC Technology Chongqing Chongqing University 2001 MoE Sichuan Sichuan University 2001 MoE University of Electronic Science and 2001 MoE Technology of China Shaanxi Xi an Jiaotong University 1999 MoE Northwestern Polytechnical University 2002 MIIT Northwest A&F University 2004 MoE 109
Province University Name Year Joining Administrative the Project Body Gansu Lanzhou University 2001 MoE MoE: Ministry of Education WIT: Ministry of Industry and Information Technology CAS: Chinese Academy of Sciences CMC: Central Military Commission SEAC: State Ethnic Affairs Commission LIST OF 211 UNIVERSITIES Province Beijing University Name Tsinghua University Peking University Renmin University of China Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing University of Technology Beihang University Beijing Institute of Technology University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications China Agricultural University Beijing Forestry University Communication University of China Minzu University of China Beijing Normal University Central Conservatory of Music University of International Business and Economics 110
Province Beijing University Name Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing Foreign Studies University China University of Petroleum, Beijing China University of Political Science and Law Central University of Finance and Economics North China Electric Power University Beijing Sports University China University of Geosciences Tianjin Nankai University Tianjin University Tianjin Medical University Shanghai Shanghai Jiao Tong University Fudan University East China Normal University Shanghai International Studies University Donghua University Shanghai Hebei Liaoning Shanghai University of Finance and Economics Tongji University East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai University The Second Military Medical University Hebei University of Technology Dalian University of Technology Northeastern University Liaoning University Dalian Maritime University 111
Province Jiangsu University Name Nanjing University Southeast University Soochow University Nanjing Normal University China University of Mining and Technology China Pharmaceutical University Hohai University Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Jiangnan University Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing University of Science & Technology Zhejiang Fujian Zhejiang University Xiamen University Fuzhou University Shandong Shandong University Ocean University of China China University of Petroleum Guangdong Sun Yat-Sen University Jinan University South China University of Technology South China Normal University Shanxi Jilin Taiyuan University of Technology Jilin University Northeast Normal University Yanbian University Heilongjiang Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin Engineering University Northeast Agricultural University Northeast Forestry University 112
Province Anhui University Name University of Science and Technology of China Anhui University Hefei University of Technology Jiangxi Henan Hubei Nanchang University Zhengzhou University Wuhan University Huazhong University of Science and Technology China University of Geosciences, Wuhan Wuhan University of Technology Central China Normal University Huazhong Agricultural University Zhongnan University of Economics and Law National University of Defense Technology Hunan Hunan University Central South University Hunan Normal University Chongqing Sichuan Chongqing University Southwest University Sichuan University Southwest Jiaotong University University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Guizhou Yunnan Sichuan Agricultural University Southwestern University of Finance and Economics Guizhou University Yunnan University 113
Province Shaanxi Gansu Xinjiang Inner Mongolia Guangxi University Name Northwest University Xi an Jiaotong University Northwestern Polytechnical University Xidian University Chang an University Northwest A&F University Shaanxi Normal University The Forth Military Medical University Lanzhou University Xinjiang University Inner Mongolia University Guangxi University 114
REFERENCES REFERENCES 21st Century Education Development Research Institute. (2005). China Report on Survey of Satisfaction with Education 2005. Retrieved 5 September, 2007, from http://learning.sohu.com/20060119/n241511600.shtml. Bai, L. (1998). The Metamorphosis of China s Higher Education in the 1990s. In K. Sullivan (Ed.), Education and Change in the Pacific Rim, Meeting the Challenges (pp. 241-265). Wallingford: Triangle Books. Bai, L. (2006). Graduate Unemployment: Dilemmas and Challenges in China s Move to Mass Higher Education. China Quarterly, 185, 128. Bastid, M. (Ed.). (1987). Servitude or Liberation? The Introduction of Foreign Educational Practices and Systems to China, from 1840 to the Present.NewYork:M.E.Sharpe. Bian, Y. (1994). Work and Inequality in Urban China. Albany: State University of New York Press. Chan, D., & Mok, K. H. (2001). Educational Reforms and Coping Strategies under the Tidal Wave of Marketization: A Comparative Study of Hong Kong and Mainland. Comparative Education, 37(1), 21-41. CUAA. (2008a). 2008 [Ranking Table of Tuition Fees at Private Higher Education Institutions 2008]. Retrieved 6 June 2009 from http://cuaa.net/cur/2008mb/13.shtml. CUAA. (2008b). 2008 [Ranking Table of Tuition Fees at Independent Colleges 2008]. Retrieved 6 June 2009 from http://cuaa.net/cur/2008mb/14.shtml. Deng, Z., & Treiman, D. (1997). The Impact of the Cultural Revolution on Trends in Educational Attainment in the People s Republic of China. The American Journal of Sociology, 103, 391-428. Fairbank, J., & Reischauer, E. (1978). China: Transition and Transformation. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Feuerwerker, A. (1958). China s Early Industrialization; Sheng Hsuan-Huai (1844-1916) and Mandarin Enterprise. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Gallagher, M., Hasan, A., Canning, M., Newby, H., Saner-Yiu, L., & Whitman, I. (2009). OECD Reviews of Tertiary Education China. Gu, J., Li, X., & Wang, L. (2009). Higher Education in China. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University Press. Guo, S. (2008, 27 April). (Ministry of Education: Central Universities Shall Limit Enrollment from Local Province to under 30%). The Beijing News (China). Hartmann, R. (2006, 21 December). Chinese Higher Education Fails the Test. Asia Times. Hayhoe, R. (1989). China s Universities and the Open Door. Armonk, NY/London: M. E. Sharpe. Hayhoe, R. (1996). China s Universities, 1895-1995: A Century of Cultural Conflict. New York/London: Garland. Hayhoe, R. (2004). China s Universities and Western Academic Models. Higher Education, 18(1), 49-85. Hu, A., & Shi, Z. (1999). [Accelerating the Development and Reform of Our Higher Education]. Ke Xue Shi Bao (China), 1999.03.26. Ince, M. (2005, 28 October). Beijing Leads Asia s March to the Forefront. The Times Higher Education Supplement. Lai, Z., & Wu, Z. (2003). Analysis of the Examination Immigrants Phenomenon. Contemporary Youth Research (China), 4. Lee, H. C. (2000). Education in Traditional China, A History. The Netherlands: Brill. 115
REFERENCES Liu, Y. (1998). Educational Utilitarianism: Where Goes Higher Education? In M. Agelasto & B. Adamson (Eds.), Higher Education in Post-Mao China. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. Min, W. (2004). Historical Perspectives and Contemporary Challenges: The Case of Chinese Universities. New York: Center on Chinese Education, Teachers College, Columbia University. Ministry of Education. (1978-2004). The National Statistics of Education. Beijing, China: People s Education Press. Ministry of Education. (1985). Achievement of Education in China. Beijing, China: People s Education Press. Ministry of Education. (1999). Third National Conference on Education (China). Ministry of Education. (2004a). Basic Education in China. Beijing, China: Ministry of Education. Ministry of Education. (2004b). Higher Education in China. Beijing, China: Ministry of Education. Ministry of Education. (2009). The Responsibilities of the Ministry of Education. Retrieved 10 January 2010 from http://www.moe.edu.cn/edoas/en/level3.jsp?tablename=1242696759653365&infoid= 1248315621953691. Mohrman, K. (2006). Higher Education Reform in China. Journal of the Washington Institute of China Studies, 1(2), 1-82. National Bureau of Statistics of China. (2005). China Statistical Yearbook 2005. Beijing: China Statistics Press. Naughton, B. (2007). The Chinese Economy: Transitions and Growth. Cambridge, MA: MIT. Schell, O., & Shambaugh, D. L. (1999). The China Reader: The Reform Era (First Vintage Books ed.). New York: Vintage Books. Smith, D. (Ed.). (1991). The Confucian Continuum: Educational Modernization in Taiwan. NewYork: Praeger Publishers. Tang, M. (1999). [Educational Consumption Waiting to Emerge]. Jing Ji Xue Xiao Xi Bao (China), 1999.02.09. The Economist. (2006). Chaos in the Classrooms: An Education Policy Torn between the Market and the State. The Economist, 10 August 2006. Times Higher Education. (2008). The Top 200 World Universities. Times Higher Education. Trow, M. (1973). Problems in the Transition from Elite to Mass Higher Education. Berkeley, CA: Carnegie Commission on Higher Education. Tsinghua Admission Office. (2005). Information of Tsinghua University Admission. Retrieved 31 January 2006 from http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/chn/zsxx/. Xinhuanet. (2005). [Peking University First in Asia. Is the Times Kidding the Chinese?] Retrieved 6 March 2007 from http://news.xinhuanet.com/school/2005-11/04/content_3729565_1.htm. Xiong, B., & Lee, P. Y. (2009). Mathematical Olympiad in China: Problems and Solutions. Singapore: World Scientific. Yan, F., Zhuo, X., & Yu, J. (2006). System Changes in China s Massification of Higher Education. Peking University Economics of Education Research, 4(3). Yu, L., & Suen, H. K. (2005). Historical and Contemporary Exam-Driven Education Fever in China. KEDI Journal of Educational Policy, 2(1), 17-33. Zhang, W. (2000). Transforming China: Economic Reform and Its Political Implications. NewYork: Macmillan Press. Zhou, J. (2006). Higher Education in China. Singapore: Thomson Learning. 116