Open Doors 2016 Report on International Educational Exchange Produced by the Institute of International Education In partnership with the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs U.S. Department of State National Press Club Washington, DC November 14, 2016 #OpenDoorsReport #IEW2016
International Students in the U.S. U.S. Students Studying Abroad Global Student Mobility
International student enrollment at U.S. universities surpasses 1 million
International Student Enrollment 1,200,000 1,000,000 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000 New International Students Continuing International Students 0 2005/06 2007/08 1,043,839 International Students in 2015/16 2009/10 2011/12 2013/14 2015/16 7.1% growth in international students
Academic Level 450,000 400,000 350,000 300,000 250,000 Growth Rate 7.1% Undergraduate 6.0% Graduate 200,000 150,000 15/16 13/14 11/12 09/10 07/08 05/06 03/04 01/02 99/00 97/98 95/96 93/94 91/92
Places of Origin 2015/2016 South Korea 61,007 Top 4 8,001 + 4,001 8,000 2,001 4,000 1,001 2000 501 1,000 251-500 1-250 India 165,918 Saudi Arabia 61,287 China 328,547
Top 4 Places of Origin 350,000 China 300,000 250,000 India 200,000 150,000 Saudi Arabia 100,000 50,000 0 15/16 14/15 13/14 12/13 11/12 10/11 09/10 08/09 07/08 06/07 05/06 04/05 03/04 02/03 01/02 South Korea
Indian students increased at the highest rate
Where is the fastest growth? Nepal +18.4% Vietnam +14.3% Colombia +9.0% Nigeria +12.4% India +24.9%
Growth in Students from India 180,000 160,000 140,000 120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 Undergraduate Graduate Non-Degree Optional Practical Training +24.9% 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16
International students make up 5.2% of all students in U.S. higher education
Host States: Totals and Growth New York 114,316 +7.1% California 149,328 +10.5% Texas 82,184 +8.7% 60,001+ 30,001 60,000 10,001 30,000 1 10,000
Host States: Totals and Growth Missouri 24,171 +11.4% New Jersey 21,228 +10.6% California 149,328 +10.5% Florida 43,462 +10.4% 60,001+ 30,001 60,000 10,001 30,000 1 10,000 Fastest growing states >10%
Int l Students per Total Enrollment WA WA OR CA MO MI IL IN OH PA NY DE Massachusetts 11.6% CT RI Washington, DC 12.3% HI TX > 10% 5.1 10.0% 0.1 5.0%
Gender in academic mobility
Gender of International Students 100 80 60 40 43.4 41.4 28.0 17.8 14.2 11.1 10.2 13.4 56.7% Men 43.3% Women 20 0 1980/81 1985/86 1990/91 1995/96 2000/01 2005/06 2010/11 2015/16
Engineering surpassed business to become the most popular field of study
Fields of Study STEM: 46.1% Engineering: 20.8% Math/Computer Science: 13.6% Other STEM: 11.7% Business & Management: 19.2% Social Sciences: 7.8% Fine & Applied Arts: 5.7% Intensive English: 3.9% 3.9% 5.7% 7.8% 17.4% 19.2% 20.8% 11.7% 13.6%? Undeclared & Other: 17.4%
Fields of Study STEM & Business India Iran Nepal Science, Technology, Engineering & Math 80.1 79.7 66.8 China Vietnam Venezuela Business & Management 24.3 29.8 28.6
Sources of Funding $35.8 Billion Amount international students contributed to the U.S. economy in 2015. -Source: U.S. Department of Commerce 75.0% Non-U.S. Funding 66.5% 7.4% 0.9% 0.2% 17.0% 6.6% 1.4% Personal and Family Foreign Gov t or University Foreign Private Sponsor International Organizations U.S. College or University Current Employment Other Source
Fall Snapshot Survey of International Students
Factors Driving Growth Institutional Factors More active recruitment efforts by my institution 62.3% Growing reputation and visibility of my institution abroad 56.3% Increased institutional support staff and/or resources for recruitment and admission of int l students 31.7% Economic and Other Factors Growth of the middle class in other countries 35.5% Difficulty in getting into top schools in home country 19.7%
Factors Driving Potential Declines Cost of tuition/fees at U.S. host institution (including financial aid problems) Changes in foreign government sponsored scholarship programs (e.g., Saudi Arabia, Brazil, etc.) Students' decisions to enroll in other U.S. institutions Visa application process and concerns over delays/denials Lack of sufficient institutional support staff and/or resources for recruitment and admission of international students 50.8% 41.5% 38.5% 33.8% 27.7% Home country's political and/or economic problems 22.1%
Outreach and Recruitment Efforts China 66.5% India 48.5% Vietnam 47.4% South Korea 41.6% Brazil 28.8% Saudi Arabia 25.5%
Hot Topics on U.S. Campuses During Fall 2016 Fluctuations in large scholarship programs Decline for Brazil (75%) Decline for Saudi Arabia (57%) Students from conflict areas and their challenges Institutions are able to provide strong academic support but limited financial support Brexit and U.S.-U.K. mobility Too early to tell and direction of future impacts is unclear Current social and political climate Too early to tell Negative perceptions by Int l students (45%) Actual student reactions (9%) Fostering communication and dialogue (51%)
Higher Education Associations
International Students in the U.S. U.S. Students Studying Abroad Global Student Mobility
Study Abroad Trends 350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0 04/05 06/07 08/09 10/11 12/13 14/15 313,415 U.S. students received academic credit for Study Abroad in 2014/15 2.9% growth in U.S. Study Abroad
Study abroad across Europe drove growth
Largest Growth Among Top Hosts Greece +18.3 Austria +17.0% Ireland +15.9% Czech Republic Mexico +14.6% +6.0% Denmark +13.8% Costa ItalyRica +8.5% +8.3% Germany +6.1% Spain <10% growth +5.1% 5-10% <10% growth 5-10% growth South Africa +5.7% Israel +15.3% Australia +5.3% South Korea +9.4% New Zealand +10.1%
Largest growth in STEM students studying abroad
Study Abroad Growth by Major Field STEM Business & Management Social Sciences Foreign Lang. & Global Studies Fine & Applied Arts 80,000 +9.1 +5.6-4.9 +1.1 +2.4 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 2013/14 2014/15 2013/14 2014/15 2013/14 2014/15 2013/14 2014/15 2013/14 2014/15
Top 5 Major Fields of Study STEM 23.9 37.1 * Business & Management 15.6 * 20.1 Social Sciences 9.2 * 17.3 Foreign Lang. & Global Studies Fine & Applied Arts 0.6 * 7.7 6.9 4.7 * *2011/2012 U.S. Higher Education data from National Center for Education Statistics
Diversity of American students abroad is growing, but more needs to be done
Diversity & U.S. Study Abroad Trends U.S. Study Abroad 2004/05 17.0% U.S. Study Abroad 2014/15 27.1% African American or Black Asian or Pacific Islander Hispanic or Latino(a) Multiracial & Other White
Inclusion & U.S. Study Abroad Outreach U.S. Study Abroad 2014/15 U.S. Higher Education* Gilman Program 2014/15 27.1% 41.7% 63.0% African American or Black Asian or Pacific Islander Hispanic or Latino(a) Multiracial & Other White Targeted outreach, recruitment and funding can substantially increase minority participation in study abroad. *U.S. Department of Education, Digest of Education Statistics, 2014
Gender & U.S Study Abroad 100 80 60 40 20 66.6% Women 33.4% Men 0 93/94 96/97 99/00 02/03 05/06 08/09 11/12 14/15
Students are diversifying their experiences abroad
Non-Credit Education Abroad 25,000 22,431 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15
U.S. Students Full-Degrees Abroad Undergraduate Graduate All Academic Levels 20,000 18,000 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 18,050 Source: Project Atlas Figures reflect data release year 8,045 5,725 2,800 2,418 UK Canada France Germany Australia
Total U.S Education Abroad Total = 381,846+ 313,415 46,000 + 22,431+ Study abroad for academic credit Full degrees abroad Non-credit work, internships & volunteering
Generation Study Abroad
Generation Study Abroad Partners
Committing to Study Abroad Growth Total Study Abroad growth Study abroad growth for GSA partners 2014 +7.8% +5.2% +4.9% +3.9% +3.4% +2.1% +2.9% +1.3% Growth in Study Abroad -0.8% 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15
International Students in the U.S. U.S. Students Studying Abroad Global Student Mobility
Project Atlas
Top Hosts of International Students 2016 # Int l Students 2% 4% 13% 25% United States United Kingdom China France 1,043,839 496,690 397,635 309,642 6% 6% 7% 7% 8% 10% 12% Australia Russia Canada Germany Japan 292,352 282,921 263,885 235,858 152,062 Spain 76,057 Other 1,177,178 Source: Project Atlas Figures reflect data release year Est. Total: 4.1M
International Students Rate of Increase 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1,200,000 1,000,000 +36.5% 800,000 600,000 +3.3% 400,000 +35.9% +7.3% +20.6% 200,000 0 Source: Project Atlas Figures reflect data release year United States United Kingdom China France Australia
Many factors drive academic mobility
Factors Affecting Academic Mobility Personal/Professional Goals Limited Home Country Higher Education Capacity Access and Equity Academic Displacement Growing Nationalism Human Capital Needs National Scholarships
Government Initiatives Promote Mobility
Scholarship Programs: The Fulbright Effect 2500 2000 1,912 2005/06 2015/16 1,975 2,238 1500 1,199 1000 500 0 U.S. Student Program Foreign Student Program
The Fulbright Effect: Fields of Study Foreign Student Program 2006/07 2015/16 FLTA STEM Social Sciences Humanities Arts Business Other
The Fulbright Effect: Fields of Study U.S Student Program 2005/06 2015/16 English Teaching Assistants STEM Social Sciences Humanities Arts Business Other
The Fulbright Effect: U.S. Student Diversity 2005/06 2015/16 29% 35% African American or Black Asian or Pacific Islander Hispanic or Latino(a) Multiracial & Other White
Online Resources #OpenDoorsReport #IEW2016 iie.org/opendoors Fulbright.state.gov eca.state.gov iie.org/mobility educationusa.state.gov @IIEResearch studyabroad.state.gov @IIEGlobal