Grammar Continuum Kindergarten L.K.1 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and Identify the difference between upper and lower case letters. M o Upper case letters never extend below the base line, whereas some lower case letters do extend below the base line. Form letters correctly M Use common nouns and verbs correctly when writing or speaking M Form plural nouns orally by adding (s) or (es). o Dog, dogs; wish, wishes Understand and use question words correctly when writing or speaking. o Who, what, where, when, why, how Use most frequently occurring common prepositions correctly when writing or speaking o To, from, in, out, on, off, for, of, by, with Share ideas and respond to questions using complete sentences M L.K.2 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, Capitalize the first word in a sentence M Capitalize the pronoun I in a sentence M Recognize and name end punctuation M o Question mark, exclamation point, period Recognize the common sounds made by letters M Write the letter or letters for consonant and vowel sounds M Spell words by matching sounds to letters M Correct spacing M L.1.1 First Grade Use correctly and explain the difference between common nouns, proper nouns, and possessive nouns M o A general person, place, or thing=common noun Begins with a lowercase o A specific person, place, or thing= proper noun Begin with a capital o A noun that shows ownership= possessive Use an apostrophe Use singular and plural nouns with matching verbs in basic sentences. M o He hops. ; We hop.
Identify, define, and use pronouns. M o I, me, my, they, them, their, anyone, everything Identify, define, and use verbs correctly. Use verbs to convey a sense of past, present, and future o Yesterday I walked home. Today I walk home. Tomorrow I will walk home. Use frequently occurring conjunctions. M o And, but, or, so, because Use frequently occurring adjectives. M Use frequently occurring prepositions. M o During, beyond, toward Write simple and compound sentences that make a statement, ask a question, make a command/request, or make an exclamation. M Understand and use question words correctly when writing or speaking. M o Who, what, where, when, why, how L.1.2 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, Capitalize days of the week, months, and names of people when writing. M Use period, exclamation point, and question mark correctly at the end of sentences. Place a comma between the day and the year in a date. M Use a comma to separate three or more words in a series. o Commas in a series (Our American flag is red, white, and blue.) Use capital letters at the beginning of sentences. M Use of quotation marks o They are used to show that someone is talking Second Grade L.2.1 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and Define and use collective nouns. M o A singular noun that refers to a group of people or things. Class, family, team Identify and use irregular plural nouns. M o Nouns that do not add s to form the plural Feet, children, teeth, mice, fish Identify and use reflective pronouns. M o Personal pronouns compounded with self or selves Myself, ourselves Identify and use irregular verbs and past tense. o Past tense verbs that are not formed by adding ed Walk, walked; run, ran Identify and use adjectives and adverbs. o Adjectives are words that add meaning to a noun or pronoun
o Adverbs are works that add meaning to another verb or adjective Use pronouns to replace the noun o John went to the beach. He went to the beach. Create, expand, and rearrange simple and compound sentences. o He walked to school. o He walked to school, and his dog followed him. o Chris walked to school. ; The dog followed Chris to school. Identify, define, and use verbs correctly. L.2.2 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, Capitalize holidays, product names, and geographic names. M Place a comma after the greeting and closing of letters. M Define possessives and use and apostrophe to form common possessives. Use period, exclamation point, and question mark correctly at the end of sentences. Use a comma to separate three or more words in a series. o Commas in a series (Our American flag is red, white, and blue.) Use quotation marks. o Mrs. Smith said, Go and get ready for lunch. Use paragraphs. L.2.3 Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, or listening. Recognize and explain how formal English differs from informal English. o Formal English is written language o Informal English is spoken language Third Grade L.3.1 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and Define, explain, and use basic forms of: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. M Explain and use regular and irregular verbs. o Walk, walked; run, ran Define subject and verb. M o Explain that a singular subject gets a singular verb and a plural subject gets a plural verb Define antecedent and make sure a pronoun agrees with it. M o An antecedent is the word or group of words a pronoun replaces o Ex. The students finished the test. They finished the test. Identify comparative adjectives/adverbs and Superlative adjectives/adverbs and chose the correct form when writing and speaking. M o Comparative are formed when adding er or more = bigger
o Superlative are formed when adding est or most = biggest Identify coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS) and subordinating conjunctions (AAAWWUBBIS) and use them correctly. o Coordinating= for, nor, and, but, or, yet, so o Subordinating= after, because, if, since, while Create, expand, and rearrange simple and compound sentences. o He walked to school. o He walked to school, and his dog followed him. o Chris walked to school. ; The dog followed Chris to school. Use pronouns to replace the noun. M John went to the beach. He went to the beach. Use prepositional phrases. A group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun. (I hid my book under my bed.) L.3.2 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, Capitalize appropriate words in titles. M Use a comma to separate the city and state in an address. M Punctuate dialogue by using commas before/after speaker tags and placing quotation marks around spoken words. o Mrs. Smith said, Go and get ready for lunch. Define possessives, for singular possessives and plural possessives. o Singular possessives (The cat s tail is long.) o Plural possessive (The teachers lounge has a new couch.) o Reinforce the difference between its and it s (The cat screeched because its tail was stepped on. It s going to curl up in the corner.) Use periods, exclamation points, and question marks. M Use serial commas. o Commons in a series (Our American flag is red, white, and blue.) Use paragraphs. L.3.3 Knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, or listening. Recognize and explain how formal English differs from informal English. o Formal English is written language o Informal English is spoken language Identify and use words or phrases in a story that bring it to life and create effect or interest. Fourth Grade L.4.1 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and Identify and use relative pronouns. M
o Who refer to people, whose refer to people, things, qualities and ideas, whom refer to people, which things qualities and ideas, that refer to people, things, qualities, and ideas Identify and use relative adverbs. M o Where modifies nouns of place, when modifies nouns of time, why modifies nouns of reason Identify and use progressive verbs. M o Verbs that indicate something is happening, was happening, or will be happening. I was walking., I am walking., I will be walking. Identify and correctly use modal auxiliaries to convey various conditions. M o Verbs that convey mood or tense. Can, may, must Recognize that multiple adjectives describing the same noun should be place in a particular order. M o The order = Article, size, shape, age, color. The tiny oval red bead. Identify and use common prepositional phrases. M o Of, to, in, on, at Recognize the difference between a complete sentence and a fragment. Recognize a run on sentence. Identify coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS) and subordinating conjunctions (AAAWWUBBIS) and use them correctly. o Coordinating= for, nor, and, but, or, yet, so o Subordinating= after, because, if, since, while Create, expand, and rearrange simple and compound sentences. o He walked to school. o He walked to school, and his dog followed him. o Chris walked to school. ; The dog followed Chris to school. L.4.2 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, Determine when to capitalize words. Punctuate dialogue by using commas before/after speaker tags and placing quotation marks around spoken words. o Mrs. Smith said, Go and get ready for lunch. Use quotation marks to indicate words taken directly from a text. Use a comma before the coordinating conjunction in a compound sentence. o Sentence, FANBOYS sentence. I like to swim, and I like to ski. M Use serial commas M o Commas in a series (Our American flag is red, white, and blue.) Use paragraphs M Use of apostrophe for singular, plural, and irregular possessives. o Singular possessives (The cat s tail is long.) o Plural possessive (The teachers lounge has a new couch.) o Irregular possessive (The children s book section is in the back)
L.4.3 Knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, or listening. Recognize and explain how formal English differs from informal English. o Formal English is written language o Informal English is spoken language Identify and use words or phrases in a story that bring it to life and create effect or interest. M Use punctuation to create various effects and add interest.