Index Abhkaz 159 action à distance in consonant harmony 46-48 in LDC-spreading 48-52 in vowel harmony 39-46 Adyghe 159 airflow and definition of fricative 198-200 and definition of [distributed] 165 articulatory organization within a CVC 34-38 within a VCV 26-34 Akkadian 104, 116 Allen, W. 207-214 Anderson, S. R. 18 apical gestural definition of (TTCO) 141-142 in Australian languages 215, 216 in English 145, 146 in Chinese 152 in Chumash consonant harmony 179, 180 in Tohono O odham 154 approximant 135-137, 153, 191, 194 fricative-approximant alternation in Athabaskan 198-200 Arabic 6, 49, 73, 105, 110, 114 Archangeli, D. 263
264 The Articulatory Basis of Locality in Phonology a-templatic analysis 104, 116 locality proposals 54-57, 58-59 Yawelmani and V/C segregation 109 Aronoff, M. 87 Articulatory Locality 131, 171, 175-176 and autosegmental spreading 65-69 and LDC-spreading 74 and tier-adjacency 5-6 converging sources of evidence for 38-52 definition of 5 Articulatory Phonology 10, 43, 46 Aslian 78, 81 assimilation 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 26, 38, 39, 46, 49, 175, 176 Athabaskan 26, 38, 39, 46, 49, 175, 176, 198 Australian 22, 136, 143, 144, 214, 217, 223 Austronesian 127 a-templaticism 74, 104, 116 a-templatic reduplicative affixation 21, 115 Bach, E. 18 Bat-El, O. 109, 110, 111, 112, 113 Berkley, D. 236 binyanim 25, 87, 106 Bloch, B. 39 Bright, W. 154, 163 Broselow, E. 75, 100, 101 Browman, C. 4, 10, 136, 141, 144, 174 Burmese 119, 121 Burzio, L. 109, 123, 126 Californian English 132, 146, 151, 154, 156, 163 Catalan 70 Catford, J. 12, 132-136, 141, 147, 148, 150, 151, 159, 171 Chilcotin 191-194 child language 231-232 Chinese (Mandarin) 151-153 Choctaw 127 Chomsky, N. 12, 13, 133, 165-170
Index 265 Chumash 178-184, 224 Clements, G. N. 5, 10, 12, 43, 46, 52-54, 108, 230 coarticulation 26, 33, 34 see also V-to-V contiguity Cohn, A. 123 Cole, J. 217, 218, 229, 230 Comrie, B. 159 consonant harmony 7-9, 46-48, 175-237 consonant disharmony 232 Cook, E.-D. Chilcotin 191 fricative-approximant alternation 200 Correspondence Theory 76 copying in Temiar 90-92 cross-sectional view 134 cross-speaker variability 132, 160, 161 Dart, S. 132, 144, 145, 154, 157, 167, 168, 169, 170 Dependency Phonology 59 Diffloth, G. 78, 81 Disner, S. 164 dissimilation 233 Distributed 132, 133, 165, 226 Dixit, P. 189 Dravidian 144 English V-to-V contiguity 3 fricatives 22 EMG trace of [utu] 41 concatenative morphology 49 weak syllables 123 Californian variety 132 British 135 TTCO 142 TTCA 145, 160 cooccurrence restrictions 233-236 Engstrand, O. 41
266 The Articulatory Basis of Locality in Phonology epenthesis 24, 92 Ewe 143 expressives 87, 99 Firth, J. 210 formant transitions 28 Fowler, C. 21, 34 French EMG trace of [utu] 41 lip protrusion for [u] 164 place of articulation of [s] 132 pre-dorsal nasal 137 Fromkin, V. 165 Fujimura, O. 31, 70 Gaagudju 216 Gafos, A. 72, 126, 127, 130, 172 GEN 19 gesture C-to-C non-contiguity 3, 4, 5, 34-37 consonantal and vocalic 31 definition of 11 gestural manipulations 17-19 V-to-V contiguity 3, 4, 5, 31, 32 Goldstein, L. 4, 10, 136, 141, 144, 174, 183, 231 238 Gooniyandi 216 groove (m id-sagittal) English 147-151 Chinese 152-153 Polish 169 feature [Groove] 133, 147, 150 Grounded Phonology 58-59 Gta 129 Halle, M. 12, 13, 133, 147, 148, 150, 165-170, 201 Hamlet, S. 150, 162 Hardwick, S 187, 195, 196 Hargus, S. 196 Harris, S. 201, 203, 205
Index 267 Hayes, B. 63, 66, 120 Hebrew 48, 105, 106, 109-113, 116 Hindustani 189 Hoijer, H. 199, 201, 203 Hulst, H. v. d. 59-60 Hume, E. 52-54, 107 Hungarian 43-45, 137 Hyman, L. 120 iamb 113, 116 Ilokano 78, 115, 117 Indo-Aryan 144 Inkelas, S. 109 Itô, J. Ainu 129 geminates in OT 126 CODA-COND 77, 98 underspecification 109 Jah-Hut 78, 81, 126 Jakobson, R. 229 Japanese 137 Kabardian 159 Kager, R. 124 Kammu 119-120 Karok 154, 163, 164 Keating, P. feature [Distributed] 165-168 feature geometry 52 subdivisions of the tongue 135-136 V-to-V coarticulation 33 Kenstowicz, M. 126, 180 Kinyarwanda 205-207 Kiowa Apache 199, 204, 205 Kiparsky, P. 43 Kisseberth, C. 217, 218 labialization 159 Ladefoged, P. 12, 16, 132, 134, 143, 146, 148, 151, 158, 163, 165, 167
268 The Articulatory Basis of Locality in Phonology laminal gestural definition of (TTCO) 141-142 in Australian languages 143, 215 in English 145-146, 151 in Chumash consonant harmony 179 in Tohono O odham 155 tongue section 134 lateral 137, 174 Latin 36 Levelt, C. 232 locality 3 previous proposals on 52-65 see also Articulatory Locality long-distance 7, 8, 73, 110, 183, 214, 231 see also action à distance Lowenstamm, K. 59 MacKay, I. 142, 147 Maddieson, I. 132, 134, 143, 146, 148, 151, 158, 163, 165, 167 major syllable 80-82 Malayalam 144 Malmberg, B. 136, 146, 187 Marantz, A. 94 Markedness Hierarchy 61, 91 Matisoff, J. 120, 127 McCarthy, J. Temiar 75, 79, 90, 101-104 V/C planar segregation 5, 48, 49, 109 feature geometry 10, 52, 54 Prosodic Morphology 22, 74, 110, 115, 119 Generalized Alignment 21, 84-85, 218 Correspondence Theory 21, 76, 99 OCP 114, 233-236 Root adjacency 60 LDC-spreading 68, 101, 105-106 Mester, A. geminates in OT 126
Index 269 CODA-COND 77, 98 underspecification 109 mid-sagittal 9, 22, 133-134, 141, 161, 166, 176, 182, 223, 236 minor syllable 80-82, 103, 119-125 Mon Khmer 78, 82 morphemic template 102, 105, 107 morphological opacity 102, 128 motor equivalence 162 nasal place assimilation 38, 46, 50, 53 Nater, H. 187, 195 nonconcatenative 6, 21, 48, 73, 108, 110 North-West Causasian languages 159 OCP 114, 233-236 Odden, D. 52, 130, 226 Ohala, J. 36 Öhman, S. 3, 26, 34 Optimality Theory 10, 16, 19, 76, 107, 228 Padgett, J. 62, 63, 107, 109, 222, 227, 236 palatalization 159 Papago 154 para-sagittal channel 161 Pierrehumbert, J. 234 Pike, K. 136, 146, 148 planar segregation see V/C planar segregation plateau in EMG activity 41-42 Polish 158, 168 Poser, W. 47, 224 Prince, A. Correspondence Theory 21, 76, 99 Generalized Alignment 21, 84-85, 218 Optimality Theory 10, 21 Parse- -to-ft constraint 123 Parse/Fill theory of Faithfulness 126 Place Markedness Hierarchy 61, 91 Prosodic Morphology 22, 74, 110, 115, 119
270 The Articulatory Basis of Locality in Phonology underspecification 109 Prosodic Morphology 18, 22, 74, 110, 115, 119 prosodic template 101-105, 117 Prunet, J.-F. 87 Recasens, D. 70, 134, 153 reduplicative morpheme 50, 85, 90, 110, 115 reduplicative morphology 18, 21 Rice, K. 197, 200 Root-adjacency 61 Russian 3, 32, 37 Sagey, E. 10, 55, 65, 208, 226, 230 Saltzman, E. 13 Sanskrit 63, 141, 144, 207-214, 220-224, Sapir, E. 201, 229 Saussure, F. 128 Sekani 196, 224 Selkirk, E. 120 Semai 78, 81, 120 Semitic 48, 94, 109-113, 116 Senoic languages 81 sensorimotor systems 162, 174 Shaw, P. 13, 47, 55-57, 63, 69, 120, 180, 185, 194, 224 sibilant 132, 154, 167 Sierra Miwok 129 skilled action 162 Slave 197 Smolensky, P. harmony constraint 218 Optimality Theory 10, 21 Parse- -to-ft constraint 123 Parse/Fill theory of Faithfulness 126 Place Markedness Hierarchy 61, 91 underspecification 109 South-East Asian prosodic word sructure 119-125 sound symbolism 228 speech production 142, 166
Index 271 Sproat, R. 31 Steriade, D. consonant harmony 47, 208-211, 215-217 Dorsey s Law 36 geminates 66 release/closure 100 transition cues 221 translaryngeal harmony 62 transparency 43 underspecification 109 V/C planar segregation 109 Stetson, R. 16 Stevens, K. 15, 24, 44, 70, 133, 146, 150, 153, 171, 172 Stone, M. 137, 148-151, 161, 166, 189 syllable weight 119-125 Tahltan 184-190, 194, 219 Temiar verbal morphology of 78-100 previous analyses of 100 tier-adjacency 5-9, 52, 61, 175, 233, 234 Tohono O odham 154 transparency 43, 45, 62, 182, 183, 225 trough in EMG activity 41, 42 Turkish 39-42 Turvey, M. 162 U. C. Publications in American Archeology 154 underspecification 43, 109, 239, 225 Vergnaud, J.-R. 59, 201 V/C planar segregation 5, 48, 49, 108-109 V-to-V contiguity 3, 4, 5 blocking of 32-33 physiological basis 31-32 vocal tract vocal tract variables 11 individual differences in morphology 162 vowel harmony 7-9, 39-46
272 The Articulatory Basis of Locality in Phonology vowel-to-vowel contiguity 3, 31 weight scalar conception of 119-125 Well-Formedness Condition 66 Whitney, W. Nati 209-214 palatal environment 223 Sanskrit sound inventory 207 Sanskrit r 221 Wierzchowska, B. Polish fricatives 158, 168 Wood, A. J. S. constriction location for vowels, 44 Yawelmani (a-)templatic morphology 104, 116 V/C planar segregation 109 Yip, M. edge-in association 130-129