THE INFLUENCE OF NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER TECHNIQUE ON READING COMPREHENSION ACHIEVEMENT (PENGARUH TEKNIK NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER PADA PENCAPAIAN PRESTASI PEMAHAMAN MEMBACA) Fidya Puspita Ayuningtyas (fidyapuspita89@gmail.com) Soegito K. Sullam Taufik STKIP PGRI Sidoarjo Jl.Kemiri 149 Sidoarjo 61201 Abstract This study analyzed the influence of Numbered Heads Together (NHT) technique on reading comprehension achievement of the VIII grade students of SMP Perjuangan Prambon. The method used in this study was the experimental design. Data were collected through tests and analyzed with statistical calculations of two experimental s that served as examples. The result showed the difference between the experimental who were taught reading comprehension by using Numbered Heads Together (NHT) technique and a of students who were taught reading comprehension using lecturing technique. The difference between the two was significant. The s who were taught by using Numbered Heads Together technique tent to be more accepting and active in learning. Key Words: Numbered Heads Together Technique, Reading Comprehension Abstrak Studi ini menganalisa tentang Pengaruh teknik Numbered Heads Together pada pencapaian prestasi pemahaman membaca siswa kelas VIII SMP Perjuangan Prambon pada tahun ajaran 2014/2015. Metode yang dipakai eksperimen. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan tes dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan perhitungan statistik kepada dua kelompok yang dijadikan contoh eksperimen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan antara kelompok eksperimen yang diajar pemahaman membaca dengan menggunakan teknik Numbered Heads Together dan kelompok siswa yang diajar pemahaman membaca dengan menggunakan teknik ceramah. Perbedaan keduanya signifikan. Kelompok yang diajar dengan menggunakan teknik Numbered Heads Together cenderung lebih menerima pembelajaran dengan lebih baik. Kata Kunci: Teknik Numbered Heads Together, Pemahaman membaca Introduction It cannot be denied that mastery of a foreign language such as English is very important. English as an international language is widely used as a means of communication all ever the world. In Indonesian, English is learned formally as a foreign language at schools. It is taught as a compulsory subject for the students at junior high schools and senior high schools, and as a local subject to the students of elementary schools (Depdikbud,2001:1). 172
173 JournE Reading has a great function in mastering English. By reading, we do not only get information or knowledge about something important, but we also get deeper understanding about certain topics. reading comprehension is the basic skill of other language skills in English. One of the teaching techniques that can be applied in teaching is numbered heads together (NHT) technique. It is one of the techniques in cooperative learning structures developed by Spencer Kagan in 1993. And the population are 245 students of the VIII grade at SMP Perjuangan Prambon in the 2014/2015 academic year and the sample in this research are 80 students from two class. NHT technique is one of the technique of cooperative learning that is developed by Kagan in 1993 (Nurhadi and Senduk, 2003:66). The benefit of this technique is cooperative work and the success depends on individual success, so every member cannot entrust to the other members without working. Each students gets the same chance to support their team to get maximal score. Numbered Heads Together is a cooperative learning strategy that holds each student accountable for learning the material. Students are placed in s and each person is given a number (from one to the maximum number in each ). The teacher poses a question and students "put their heads together" to figure out the answer. The teacher calls a specific number to respond as spokes person for the. By having students work together in a, this strategy ensures that each member knows the answer to problems or questions asked by the teacher. Because no one knows which number will be called, all team members must be prepared. The student s reading comprehension achievement in this research refers to the degree of ability in finding general information and finding specific information of text. It is based on the basic competence of reading of the grade VIII students. In line with he ideas above, Andrini (1991) states some advantages of NHT technique in teaching reading. The first is positive interdependence, a spirit of all for one and one for all. Positive interdependence is divided into two, they are goal interdependence and reward interdependence. Having goal interdependence means that if each member is to succeed. With reward interdependence, the prize or recognition is available to all members of the team when they all achieve a certain standard. The second is individual accountability. In this study, the result of the tests is calculated by statistical calculation. This design used two available classes from the whole population randomly. The first was used as the experimental and the second was used as the control (Bieger and Gerlach, 1996:54). The research design could be illustrated as follows:
Table 1: The Experimental Research Design Group Pre-test (test 1) Treatment Post-test (test 2) R O1 X O2 R O1 - O2 Notes: R : Respondent X : Treatment to the experimental O 1 O 2 : Pre-test of the experimental and control : Post-test of the experimental and control (Adapted from Bieger and Gerlach, 1996:54/60) In this research, the experimental received treatment, in which they were taught reading comprehension skill by using NHT technique, while the control was taught in the from of lecturing while students worked individually. Afterwards, both s were given post-test (O 1 and O2). The population of this study was the VIII grade student of SMP Perjuangan Prambon. The grade VIII students of SMP Perjuangan Prambon were devided in six classes: VIII A, VIII B, VIII C, VIII D, VIII E, and VIII F. In each class there were 40 students up to 41 students. Two classes were determined as the research samples, this is C and D class. In taking the research samples, the homogeneity of the population, pre-test was administered. The instrument which was used in this study was test, interview, documentation and lesson plan. Findings and Discussion In this study, the result of the data was calculated in order to know there is a significant influence of NHT technique on reading comprehension achievement of the grade VIII students of SMP Perjuangan, Prambon in the 2014/2015 academic year. As described in Chapter III (page 26) the experimental received the treatment (X), that was teaching reading comprehension by using NHT technique, while the control was taught in the form of lecturing where students worked individually. In the control, the teacher asked students to read the material, then she asked students to answer the questions individually. The treatment and the activity were done on August 28, 2014 and September 1, 2014. 174
The interview was conducted with the English teacher as the interviewee on August 26, 2014 at SMP Perjuangan Prambon. According to the English teacher, reading comprehension was taught intergratedly with the other language skills, such as writing, speaking, and listening. The teacher in that school usually uses three phases technique in teaching reading. They are pre reading, whilst reading, and post reading. That technique runs good enough. She said that she once used cooperative learning, but she did not use certain technique of cooperative learning structures. For example, in teaching reading, she just asked the students to work in to find the difficult words and find the information of the text. Dealing with the curriculum, the English teacher applied KTSP Curriculum. The documentation was used to get the supporting data about the names of the research respondents and the school facilities or the English classes. In this research, the experimental received treatment, in which they were taught reading comprehension skill by using NHT technique, while the control was taught in the from of lecturing while students worked individually. Afterwards, both s were given post-test. The procedures of the research activities are administering a homogeneity test, determine the two classes as the control and the experimental, constructing lesson plans for the control and the experimental, administering the treatment that is tesching reading comprehension through NHT technique, to the experimental, while the control was taught by using conventional technique, that is lecturing technique, analyzing the collected data by using t-test formula to know whether or not the there was a significant influence of NHT technique on students reading comprehension achievement. The homogeneity test was carried on August 26, 2014. The homogeneity test was administered to know whether the six classes were homogeneous or not. As the homogeneity of the population had been proven, therefore the lottrey was done in order to determine the research samples and divided them into experimental and the control. Based on the lottrey, VIII D was treated as the experimental and VIII C was as the control. Table 2. The Score of Pre-Test subject Experimental 40 X1 = 65 S1 = 176 Control X2 = 58 S2 = 147 175
The post test was administered September 7, 2014. The test was given two both s after they had been given the treatment. The scores of the experimental and the control s were used to investigate the significant difference between the two s. The results of post test were analyzed by using t-test formula. Table 3. The Score of Post-Test subject Experimental 40 X1 = 71 S1 = 202 Control X2 = 63 S2 = 191 Hypotesis Verification To test the hypothesis, t-test formula has applied. Statistical hypothesis states that reading comprehension ability of students who use Numbered Heads Together technique is better than the students learning process using conventional techniques accepted as a of students who value learning process using Numbered Heads Together technique or experimental obtained the highest value 85 the average value 72.5 while the control class highest score of 75 and with an average value of 65 This means that the ability of reading comprehension of students who use Numbered Heads Together is better technique.based on the results above, it can be stated that NHT technique significantly influenced the students reading comprehension achievement. The result of data analysis showed that NHT technique opositively contributed to the students reading comprehension achievement at SMP Perjuangan Prambon. This could be seen from the acceptance of the alternative hypothesis that applied NHT technique gave positive influence on reading comprehension achievement. Basically, this research revealed that NHT technique has significantly developed the students reading comprehension achievement at SMP Perjuangan Prambon. The result of data analysis showed that the use of NHT technique had an influence on reading comprehension achievement. Theoritically, this finding is in line with the experts opinion who say that NHT technique is one of the teaching technique that can be applied in the teaching learning process. Moreover, Nurhadi and Agus (2003:66) say that NHT technique is helpful because it drills students to work cooperatively in making reviews of the material and checks their understanding about the content ofthe lesson. Further, Terenzini and Pascarella (1994) state 176
that the students can work together to find the answer when the teacher poses comprehension question to s. In line with the ideas above, Andrini (1991) confirms thats NHT technique can be applied to build the positive interdependence, individual accountability, and equal participation. In equal participation, each student within the has an equal opportunity to participateand share the ideas. In this case, they try to get the maximum score for their team because they have the same chance to support their team. It makes them more responsible to do the assignment. From the above discussion, it could be concluded that the result of the present research was not different from that of the previous research. In other words, the research showed that of the application of NHT tehcnique significantly influenced the students reading comprehension achievement. The statistical value proved that there was significant influence of the application of Numbered Heads Together technique on reading comprehension achievement of the grade VIII students of SMP Perjuangan Prambon in the 2014/2015 academic year. Conclusion Based on the research results of data analysis that have been discussed and interpreted in the previous chapter, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence of NHT technique on reading comprehension achievement of the VIII grade students of SMP Perjuangan Prambon in the 2014/2015 academic year. Reference Arikunto, S. (2006). Prosedur Penelitian Pendidikan:Suatu Pendekatan Praktek. Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta. Bieger, R.G., and Gerlach, J.G.(1996). Education Research and Practical Approch. New York: Del Mar Publisher. Depdikbud. (2001). Kurikulum Muatan Lokal. Garis-garis Besar Program Pengajaran (GBPP) bahasa Inggris Pendidikan Dasar. Surabaya: Depdikbud. Nurhadi and Agus, G.S. (2003). Pembelajaran Kontekstual. Malang: Universitas Negeri Malang. 177