We Do Need It! Differentiated Instruction for College Level Echo Wu, Ph.D. Center for Gifted Studies College of Education & Human Services Murray State University
Outline u What is Differentiation (DI)? Why DI? u How do we use it at college level? u What strategies can we use? u What resources do we have? u What do we need to know?
What is DI? Why do we need it?
Activity-1 (Individual) u Please write down your initial ideas on the sheet: What is Differentiated Instruction in your mind?
DI is NOT DI IS Individualized instruction - Different reading assignments Grouping Tailoring the same suit of clothes One-size-fits-all instruction does NOT reach all Learners Student centered - Multiple intelligences; learning styles Blend of whole-class, group and individual instruction Responsive and flexible Learners of multiple abilities CAN BE educated together
Myths & Realities: 10 Common Misunderstandings on DI 1. Differentiation is a set of strategies. u It is an entire teaching philosophy grounded in knowing students and responding to their needs. 2. Differentiation is group work. u Differentiation employs thoughtful, purposeful flexible grouping. Sometimes students work alone, sometimes in pairs, sometimes as a whole class, and sometimes in small groups all depending upon demonstrated student needs. 3. I already differentiate. u While many teachers may use a strategy associated with differentiation or may differentiate reactively, few have fully, proactively differentiated classrooms these classrooms develop and grow over time in response to student need.
4. Differentiated lessons have to be creative, cute, and fun. u While engaging students is an important part of differentiation, it is more important that the lesson be grounded with rich curriculum. 5. Differentiation is just the next educational fad. u Because differentiation is a philosophy of meeting a broad range of students needs, only when students cease being different will the need for differentiation disappear. 6. Providing choice= differentiation. u Different activities have to be held together by clear learning goals.
7. Differentiation isn t fair. u Fair does not always mean the same. In order for students to reach the same goals, they may need to take different paths to get there. 8. Differentiation means dumbing down the curriculum for less advanced learners. u Differentiation means providing appropriate scaffolding to help all learners reach common learning goals. 9. Preparing a differentiated lesson takes a huge amount of time. u Creating any high-quality lesson takes time. A teachers get their heads wrapped around the process, they become more efficient and develop storehouses of differentiated lessons to adapt.
Student Differences Know Your Students https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1swq7algawi
Activity-2 (in Pair) u Please share with the person beside you, and answer the question: What are the differences that your students may have from each other?
How Do We Use DI at College Level?
Unique Features of College Students u College students have more variety: Language background; learning background, family background u College students may not know each other very well, or at all u College students have more control of their time, and they may also have better time management u Instructors need to know students on purpose, otherwise may not have a chance at all!
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Activity-3: MI Inventory u Using the MI Inventory to find out what your MI is!
Determine What to Do Next u Pre-Assessment u Content u Process u Product u Formative Assessment u Post-Assessment
Based on student 1. Content readiness & interests
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A Variety of Strategies to Use S K n n K U U d e T i U T e T e Thinking Hats
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College Learning: Online or Face-to-Face
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Boosting Learning Engagement
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Differentiate Instruction (50 ): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xl0owpw23iq Every Student is Different: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ijhgqozeng
Differentiation can include complex strategies, like writing tiered lesson plans, or it can take a more simplistic form, such as using reading buddies or thinkpair-share strategies. For instance Higher Prep Strategies: u Tiered Lessons u Flexible Grouping u Think-Tac-Toe u Multiple Intelligence u Graphic Organizers u Response/Exit Cards u Multiple Texts Lower Prep Strategies: u Reading & Study Buddies u Anchor Activities u Think-Pair-Share u Choices of books u Interest Surveys u Multiple Levels of u Questioning
Carol Tomlinson (2005): The simple truth is that we cannot meet the needs of any of the students we met if we teach them as though they are all alike and as though they are essentially the same as all other students of the same age and grade To teach any of them well, we have to learn to teach much more flexibly and responsively
K Hall, T. (2002). Differentiated Instruction. Wakefield, MA: National Center on Accessing the General Curriculum. Retrieved October 22, 2008, from http://www.cast.org/publications/ncac/ncac.diffinstruc.html Heibeck, T. (2008). How to use multiple intelligences to reach every child. Retrieved November 1, 2008 from http://www.teachervision.fen.com/intelligence/teaching-methods-and-management/4802.html Kozleski, E. (2003). Guidelines that make differentiation possible for teachers to attain. Retrieved November 1, 2008 from, www.urbanschools.org/events.docs/penn320062.ppt Lamb, A. (2003). Ten Tips for Differentiation. Eduscapes. Retrieved from http://eduscapes.com/sessions/needs/elementary2.html Nunley, K. (2008). Layered Curriculum. Retrieved November 1, 2008, from http://help4teachers.com/ Robinson, S. (2005). Instructional Tools Related to Universal Design for Learning. KS: Special Connections. Retrieved November 1, 2008, from http://www.specialconnections.ku.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/speccconn/main.php?cat=instrucition Teachervision (2008). Structuring Lessons to Promote Learning from Materials. Partnership with Council for Exceptional Children. Retrieved from http:www.teachervision.fen.com/curriculum-planning/learning disablilities/6731.html? Teachnology. (2007). How to Differentiate Instruction. Retrieved November 1, 2008, from http://www.teachnology.com/tutorials/teaching/differentiate/print.htm Thompson, S. (2005). Instructional Tools Related to Instructional Accommodations. KS: Special Connections. Retrieved November 1, 2008, from http://www.specialconnections.ku.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/specconn/main.php?cat=instruction Tomlinson, C. (2000). Differentiation of Instruction in the Elementary Grades. Retrieved October 1, 2008, from http://www.ericdigests.org/2001-2/elementary.html Tomlinson, C. (2000). Educational Leadership, 58, 6-11, Retrieved October 1, 2008, from http://www.jamesviledewitt.orgtfiles/folder257/reconcileditomlinson.pdf
Contact Information Echo Wu, Ph.D. Director, Center for Gifted Studies Department of Educational Studies, Leadership & Counseling College of Education and Human Services Murray State University 3205 Alexander Hall, Murray, KY 42071-3340 Tel: 270-809-2539 Fax: 270-809-3799 http://www.murraystate.edu/cgs