DOCTORAL TRAINING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF TURKU Minsk, 10 February 2014 Riitta Pyykkö, Vice-Rector, University of Turku, Finland

DOCTORAL TRAINING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF TURKU Minsk, 10 February 2014 Riitta Pyykkö, Vice-Rector, University of Turku, Finland

THE FINNISH HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM The Finnish higher education system comprises two parallel sectors: University sector - 14 research universities - Student enrollment ca. 168 000 (2012) Polytechnic/Universities of applied sciences sector (established in mid-1990s) - 24 institutions - Student enrollment ca. 146 000 (2012) "Open and equal access" for all entrance exam for most study programmes No tuition fees Annual intake of students approximately 56 000 The whole HE system provides in principle - study places for 65-70% of an age group, but only ca. 40 % are fresh high school graduates

THE FINNISH EDUCATION SYSTEM Doctoral degree 4 years (Licentiate degree) Master's degree 120 ECTS credits 2 years Universities 3y + 2y + 4 years Polytechnics 3y (PolyBSc) + 3 y work experience + 1-1.5 y (PolyMSc) Bachelor's degree 180 ECTS credits 3 years General Upper Secondary Education 3 years Initial Vocational Education 3 years Elementary and Lower Secondary School 9 years Includes entire age group

DOCTORAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE The early years of the Bologna Process were focused on bachelor and master cycles Third cycle was formally introduced in Berlin 2003 (= closer links between the EHEA and the ERA) Bergen 2005: Doctoral education should be aligned with the qualifications framework using the outcomes-based approach Core component of doctoral training is the advancement of knowledge through original research The normal workload of the 3 rd cycle corresponds to 3-4 years Doctoral programmes should promote interdisciplinary training and development of transferable skills Doctoral candidates should be encouraged to take up research careers within the EHEA Participants are considered to be both students and early stage researchers EUA Council for Doctoral Education, EUA-CDE (2008- )

THIRD CYCLE: KEY ISSUES Institutional commitment Doctoral education must find its place in university strategy Doctoral, graduate and research schools Structured provision of doctoral training Internationalisation Attracting more international candidates to European doctoral programmes responding to the needs of globalised world More mobility at doctoral level Status of doctoral candidates Employees who receive salaries OR students (possibly) receiving student financial support Career prospects Making doctoral cycle and research careers more attractive Sustainable funding of doctoral education

6 DOCTORAL TRAINING IN FINLAND GENERAL Doctoral training given in all research universities (14) Typically masters degree (or equivalent) required ca. 20 000 doctoral candidates in Finnish universities (incl. part-time doctoral candidates) national aim to have 1600 new doctorates/year (1720 doctorates in 2013) the share of international doctoral candidates to be increased to 20% (UTU 13,1% in 2012) ca. 0,4 % of the population has a doctoral degree (23 066 doctorates in 2008) DOCTORAL DEGREE - research plus formal education Thesis: 75% of the doctoral degree is research - compilation dissertation (articles) OR - monograph Formal education (30-60 ECTS points): ca. 25% of the degree - practical courses, lecture courses, workshops, seminars, symposia - transferable skills aim to complete the degree in four years when working full time University of Turku Graduate School 20.2.2014 - UTUGS

DOCTORAL DEGREES IN FINLAND 1995-2009 1800 1600 1400 females males 861 831 1200 772 1000 800 600 400 284 481 754 695 781 200 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 ref: research.fi www.utu.fi/graduate_school/

HIGH IMPORTANCE OF DOCTORAL TRAINING next generation of researchers quality of research innovativeness - new research topics & technologies research funding internationalization knowledge-based society, grand challenges NEED FOR DOCTORAL HOLDERS IN ALL SECTORS, ALSO OUTSIDE THE ACADEMIA o employment rate of doctorates typically high: 3.4% unemployed in 2013 - unemployment rate of total population 7.6% (2013) University of Turku Graduate School - UTUGS

UNIVERSITY OF TURKU GRADUATE SCHOOL - UTUGS GENERAL Established 1st of August, 2011; Director prof. Pirjo Nuutila Consists of 16 doctoral programmes which cover all disciplines and doctoral candidates of the University of Turku - 1800 doctoral candidates in 2012 (incl. part-time doctoral candidates) - 182 doctoral degrees in 2012, 162 in 2013 UTUGS actions developed and the quality of the operations monitored by the UTUGS Board and by the working groups focusing on: - training - quality assurance Board and the working groups nominated by the Rector University of Turku Graduate School - UTUGS

STRUCTURAL REFORM OF DOCTORAL TRAINING - MAIN GOALS AT UTU Reform due to natinal recommendations and major changes in the funding of doctoral training (Ministry of Education and Culture & Academy of Finland) Systematic and structured doctoral training in four years net time - all doctoral candidates and disciplines - quality and feasibility of the research plans/projects - supervision, follow-up of progress - versatile and wide supply of high-quality courses Promotion of multidiciplinarity, internationalization and national networking - doctoral programme networks - joint doctoral programmes - joint/double degrees - Cotutelle agreements To train highly qualified experts with the skills required for both the academic research career and other positions of expertise University of Turku Graduate School - UTUGS

UTUGS & 16 NEW DOCTORAL PROGRAMMES 1.9.2013 - grouped accoring to the coordinating Faculty DP OPPI (10) Turku School of Economics Faculty of Education KEVEKO (8) TSE (14) DP DP Faculty of Humanities JUNO (15) UTULING (8) UTUGS Faculty of Law LAW (11) Soc& Behav. (15) Faculty of Social Sciences Math & ICT (16) Phys Chem (12) Faculty of Math & Nat Sci Mol. LifeSci (16) BGG (13) TuDMM (18) TKT (23) DRDP (11) Faculty of Medicine FINDOS (5) DPNurs (5)

UTUGS DOCTORAL CANDIDATES Applications submitted to UTUGS Doctoral Programmes one can apply for a) the right to pursue a doctoral degree at UTU (2-4 calls/year) b) UTUGS-funded doctoral training position (1 call/year; next call in the Fall 2014) Which Doctoral Programme to apply to the one(s) that meet the applicant s research profile the best UTUGS Doctoral Programmes at http://doctoralprogrammes/ Application process described in the Doctoral Programme-specific Call for Applications document Evaluation of applications - general criteria applicant s merits, completed studies, grade of the master s thesis/corresponding work, quality and feasibility of the research plan at least one UTU-affiliated person agrees to act as a supervisor and fulfils the qualification requirements for supervisors the research topic of the Doctoral Candidate fits the profile of the doctoral programme and the affiliation department Selection of new UTUGS Doctoral Candidates based on the evaluation, decisions are made by UTU Faculties which issue the doctoral degrees

EXAMPLES OF UTUGS ACTIVITIES 1. FOR DOCTORAL CANDIDATES, eg. Examples of UTUGS courses on transferable skills (most courses in English) course calendar for Spring 2014 at www.utu.fi/fi/tutkimus/tutkijakoulu/courses/ o Academic Presentation Skills o Academic Writing o Philosophy of Science o Research Ethics o Pedagogics o Copyrights and Industrial Property Rights o Popularization of Science In addition, activities such as o UTU grant for completing a doctoral degree o 1st article language checking service 2. COLLABORATION AT NATIONAL LEVEL Substance-specific formal training provided by the doctoral programmes 3. INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES UTUGS: participation in international networks (eg. Coimbra Group Universities, ENRC, SGHRM/WG2) Doctoral programmes: International doctoral training networks, Recruitment of international doctoral candidates, Mobility of doctoral candidates University of Turku Graduate School - UTUGS

INTERNATIONALIZATION: WHY? GOALS Doctoral training to be included in all international research projects Part of doctoral training and/or post doctoral phase conducted abroad WHY Renewal of science through young researchers onew research topics onew technologies opersonal networks obuilding up self confidence ogaining independence University of Turku Graduate School - UTUGS

INTERNATIONALIZATION: HOW? By increasing mobility via systematic, institutional activities, such as ojoint workshops, courses, symposia ostudent exchange (short and long visits) oexchange of researchers & lecturers odoctoral programme networks ojoint doctoral programmes ojoint/double degrees ocotutelle agreements www.utu.fi/graduate_school/

COTUTELLE AGREEMENT PROMOTING INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION Agreement on joint supervision based on rules and regulations of two universities Individual agreements for each doctoral candidate the doctoral degree is pursued at the 2 universities with a supervisor from each university End product: 1 thesis, 2 degrees (one from each university) University of Turku Graduate School - UTUGS

THANK YOU! FURTHER INFORMATION University of Turku Graduate School - UTUGS