Regional Perspectives of Higher Education Harmonisation in ASEAN Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nantana Gajaseni Executive Director ASEAN UNIVERSITY NETWORK
Current situation of ASEAN and higher education trends? ASEAN MACRO-ECONOMIC FACTS +625 million people 2,400 billion 600 billion USD in GDP USD for Intra-ASEAN Trade 7 th Largest Economy of the world 4 th Largest Economy of the world by 2050 one vision, one identity, one community IAU CONFERENCE 14 NOV 2016 2
Since 31 Dec 2015 Free flow of capital/investment Free flow of goods & services Free flow of information & knowledge Free flow of people IAU CONFERENCE 14 NOV 2016 3
NUMBER OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN ASEAN Country No. of Higher Education Institutions By year Brunei 5 2016 Cambodia 211 2016 Indonesia 4,400 2016 Laos 14 2015 Malaysia 111 2016 Myanmar 163 2016 The Philippines 2,299 2016 Singapore 11 2016 Thailand 155 2016 Viet Nam 419 2014 SEAMEO-RIHED (2016) IAU CONFERENCE 14 NOV 2016 4
CURRENT SITUATION OF ASEAN HIGHER EDUCATION: Economic status Countries Current situations Lower income Low-middle income Middle-income Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Viet Nam Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Thailand High enrolment demands Threaten of quality education Less access on equity Lack of human resource & financial support Limited qualified faculty & staff More opportunity for private HEIs Emphasis more on teaching for skill improvement High enrolment demands Emphasis on quality education Less public expenditure by shifting cost to students Emphasis more on research-oriented policy and internationalisation Controlled/limited oversea branch campuses High-income Brunei Increase public expenditure More international academic cooperation IAU CONFERENCE 14 NOV 2016 Singapore Emphasis more on cutting-edge R&D and innovation Emphasis on international profile & partnerships Hosting oversea branch campuses (13) **Modified from Higher Education Across Asia (2011) and Higher Education in Asia (2014) 5
Effects of ASEAN Integration on Higher Education? Raising the demand of higher education Increasing cross-border education flux/mobility Increasing pressure on quality education from society Expanding the diversification of higher education providers Widening gap of the inequality of access to higher education Opening up a potential investment on higher education Accelerating regional academic cooperation/networking Enhancing possible regional brain circulation through academic exchange Accelerating the harmonization of higher education systems Shifting the cost of higher education from public funding to students 6 IAU CONFERENCE 14 NOV 2016
ASEAN Vision 2025 APSC ASCC AEC Now, ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) has officially opened since 31 December 2015. ASCC Blueprint 2025 inclusive sustainable Resilient Dynamic ASEAN Work Plan on Education (2016-2020) Kuala Lumpur Declaration on Higher Education (Nov 2015) IAU CONFERENCE 14 NOV 2016 7
ASCC ASCC Blueprint 20125 inclusive sustainable Resilient Dynamics ASEAN Work Plan on Education (2016-2020) Kuala Lumpur Declaration on Higher Education ASEAN WORK PLAN ON EDUCATION 2016-2020 IAU CONFERENCE 14 NOV 2016 8
8 Sub-Goals ofasean5-year Work Plan on Education (2016-2020) 1 Promote ASEAN Awareness 3 Priority Areas 18 Activities 2 3 Enhance quality and access to basic education especially for disabled and marginalised groups 2 Priority Areas 6 Activities Strengthen use of ICT 2 Priority Areas 5 Activities 4 Support the development of TVET and lifelong learning 3 Priority Areas 8 Activities IAU CONFERENCE 14 NOV 2016 9
5 Complement efforts of other sectors in ESD 2 Priority Areas 3 Activities 6 Strengthen higher education sector through 1 Priority Area 4 Activities QA 7 Foster role of higher education through University-Industry Partnership 1 Priority Area 3 Activities 8 Provide capacity building programmes for teachers and community 3 Priority Areas 3 Activities IAU CONFERENCE 14 NOV 2016 10
AEC ASC C ASCC Blueprint 20125 inclusive sustainable Resilient Dynamics ASEAN Work Plan on Education (2016-2020) Kuala Lumpur Declaration on Higher Education Kuala Lumpur Declaration on Higher Education endorsed by ASEAN Leaders at the 27 th ASEAN Summit (21 November 2015) IAU CONFERENCE 14 NOV 2016 11
KUALA LUMPUR DECLARATION ON HIGHER EDUCATION (SUMMARY) G1. Quality Gap Narrowed G2. Emerging Priorities Engaged G3. Exposure Expanded G4. In-depth Awareness G5. Teaching & Learning G3.&G4. Intra-ASEAN mobility of students & scholars AUN Strategic Goals (G1-G5) have already been serving these areas under KL Declaration on Higher Education. G2. Triple-Helix-Plus cooperation (U-G-I-C) Diversity HE for Innovationdriven ASEAN community G2.&G5. Contribute and foster sustainable local community development G2.&G4. G1. Quality Education ASEAN Higher Education for HRD G1.,G2.,G3.&G4. Increase visibility of ASEAN HE globally IAU CONFERENCE 14 NOV 2016 12
Established since 1998 Aims to; Uplift and ensure the quality of higher education in ASEAN Promote continual quality improvement in ASEAN higher education system Enhance the regional higher education recognition
AUN-QA FRAMEWORK Quadrant 3: IQA of AQAF Programme QA Assessment since 2007 Strategic QA (Institutional) Systemic QA (Internal QA System) Institutional QA Assessment commencing in 2017 Functional QA (Education, Research and Service) IAU CONFERENCE 14 NOV 2016 14
ASEAN Quality Assurance: AUN-QA ASEAN Credit Transfer System: AUN-ACTS ASEAN Qualification Reference Framework = AQRF AQRF facilitate ASEAN Credit Transfer ASEAN Quality Assurance IAU CONFERENCE 14 NOV 2016 15
4 QUADRANTS OF ASEAN QUALITY ASSURANCE FRAMEWORK (AQAF) *AQAF also promotes the link between QA and National Qualification IAU CONFERENCE 14 NOV 2016 Framework. 16
ASEAN Quality Assurance Framework = AQAF EQAA EQA No QA, No QF IQA NQF AQAF AQRF Degree Recognition (facilitating access to labour market) Referencing IAU CONFERENCE 14 NOV 2016 17
CHALLENGES FOR ASEAN HIGHER EDUCATION HARMONISATION: Maintaining and improving quality education Improving the relevance of curriculum and instruction for local needs and internationalized recognition Increasing and better utilizing the financial resources available Increasing of private HEIs and balancing the continued expansion of access Catering to the knowledge and skills development through informal education, LLL, etc Minimizing Corruption and Politicization of Education Interdependent of dynamics overwhelming national policy capabilities IAU CONFERENCE 14 NOV 2016 18
Thank You More information at www.aun-qa.org Follow us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/aunqa/ IAU CONFERENCE 14 NOV 2016 19