3-2-1 system in Japan Dr. Shinji NARUO JICA Planning Expert Minister s advisor (MOPMAR)
Local government Operation system under Article No.1 M. Chart 1. Total picture of system in Japan (Public sector s approach for Vocational ) (Compulsory education) D Public HRD facilities Teacher s training center TOKKATSU: Special activity Elementary school P 94% 55% Junior high school N A Support High school Job introduction Technical School Commerce School Secondary school Polytechnic JYUKU industry: Private supplementary school C MEXT(), MHLW (Labor), METI (Economy), University O Job introduction B Special Vocational school Post graduate Science &Tech Uni. E Labor market J. Recruit Service (Business) HRD HRD Vocational Skill / Training Services (Business) Private sector s participation in services (Training/ services as business) K F Promotion of Vocational Ability Evaluation System G Hello work: Unemployment/Re-training Public Exam L. Workplace Public servant Promotion of skill (Central/Local Government) Internal training system Internal training system I. Private sector (Agriculture, manufacture, Distribution, Construction, Finance, IT, Retail services) Vocational school H.
Title of the school / Sector. Explanation Number of Operation facility State(Few A Politecnic school Start after compulsary education (16 years old), 5 years study private) 57 B Science and technology University Post graduate school for high level science & technology State 7 C special vocationa school Private, no diploma. Focusing on specific skill and / or getting qualification. 1-4 years study. It is out of Article No.1 of Schooleducation Private 2,811 act. Targeting on Labor market. D Public human resource development facilities Mainly operated by local government, 6month ~2 years Public 261 E Hello work (Public job introduction office) Job data base, counceling, skill training, job introduction,,, Public 544 F Promotion of Vocational ability evaluation 128 kind of National trade skill testing and certification Public system certificate G Promotion of skill (Skill competition event) Practical skill tournament, Award for outstanding skill worker Public Every year Each company has very well organized system. Link to promotion. H Internal training system Both All unit The government also have such a system Many companies have their own-training school and facility. I Vocational training school in the company Private 1,145 They have accumulated their skill transfer method. Job information service is huge business. Job matching, Allmost J Recruit service (business) Private Many all the student use this kind of services for job finding. Many training companies. Business skill, IT, technology, Many, Many, K Vocational Skill / Training services (Business) Private language,,,,,,,, Many The company has HRD department. It works for recruit, training, L HRD: Human resource development department Both All unit promotion,, Many (50~70%) students go to JYUKU after school. This system Many, Many, M JYUKU industry: Private supplementary school Private support regular education system deeply. Many N Technical school (One of high school type) Majority of the student work after graduate. Both? Job introduction dept (Every school has this Finding the job for the students. Job counceling, job information O Both All school kind of department / service function) service, contact to the company, Emerging Develop 6 years education curriculum to cover junior high school P Scocondary school(integrated school) Both in public and high school. school
Chart 2. Government system (Central and local government) Central Government (11 ministries) Level 1 (Central Government) Regional government (47 Prefectures) Level 2 (Regional Government) Local Government (Autonomy) Municipalities: City, Town, Village (1700 localgovernment) Level 3 (Municipality)
Central Government: Organization chart of MEXT (Ministry of, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) in Japan MEXT (2,198) Elementary and Secondary Higher Lifelong Learning Policy National Institute for Policy Research (305 staff) (262 staff) (148 staff) (145 staff) total: 860 staff Science & Technology Policy (105 staff) Promotion (150 staff) R&D (184 staff) SR total: 439 staff
Administration in(state & Local) State level: Central government is responsible for 1. related law 2. policy 3. Guiding / instructing local education administration 4. information gatherings and analysis(statistics) 5. al research and analysis report 6. Financial support (Partial) to local administration system. National Universities (86) are under MEXT. Public Universities (92) are under local government (Prefecture/City) Private Universities (605) are under private corporation. (Regional government is responsible for ) High school (5022) are under Prefecture (47). Junior high school (10,699) are under municipalities (1700).
Each governorate registers the ordinance. A. Institution of system B. policy and Strategy C. Administration of system Implement and coordinate education policy. D. School Management & Teaching Operation E. Students Local Government Chart 3. system in Prefecture (Elementary school, Junior high school, & High school) Example; Kanagawa Prefecture (Regional government) Ordinance in Governor Kanagawa Regulate BOE: Board of (6) Propose Appoint Approve Administrative staff in department. Prefecture government employee (800) center Support (150) Teachers and school staff in the school (Elementary, Junior high, High school) (50,000) Teaching Student
Local autonomy level: 1. center 1) Research (Develop education material, research program, education history survey) 2) Training program for teacher (Beginner s training, subject training, promotion training, management training, IT skill,,,,) 3) Counseling services to teacher and parents of the student (School life, personal issue, human relation, administration,,,) 4) Information gathering, analysis and sharing ( statistics, teaching method) 5) All other educational support to the school and teacher. 2. Administration management 1) General affairs (Human resource management, planning, IT environment) 2) Administration (Research and consulting) 3) Finance (Budget management, expense management, guidance to the school) 4)Teacher support planning (Salary, promotion, skill up program, license) 5) Human resource management (Job transfer, school transfer, promotion, evaluation) 6) Welfare service (Salary, pension, medial insurance) 3. Guiding and instruction 1) Entrance examination preparation 2) Subject teaching support to teacher 3) Special activity support (TOKKATSU) 4) Lunch service 5) Sport festival support 6) Safety guideline 4. Sharing and analyzing the state policy 1) Receive the instruction from central government (Guidance, order, recommendation, request, suggestions) 2) Review and discuss how to implement it in the prefecture. 3) Consult it with BOE if necessary. 4) Share the policy to the school 5) Monitor the status of the policy implementation in the school 6) Evaluate the result of policy implementation, and feedback to central government.
Chart 4. system in government (Central & Local) A. Institution of system B. policy and Strategy C. Administration of system Implement and coordinate education policy. D. School Management & Teaching Operation E. Students (Elementary, Junior high school, & High school) MEXT Kanagawa Prefecture > Kamakura city (Central government)> (Regional government:47) (Municipality:1718) Basic law School education law law in local government,,,,,,,,, Minister appoint National councils of Guide & Instruct Administrative staff in Division. City government employee (2118) Support University Rule Policy, Plan, Guideline Form Governor appoint BOE (6) Administrative staff in department. Prefecture government employee (800) center (150) Support All the school In the Prefecture. Teachers (50,000) Teach High school Ordinance in Kanagawa Rule Transfer Mayer appoint BOE (5) Administrative staff in Division. City government employee (150) Support Ordinance in Kamakura Rule Compulsory education (Elementary school & Junior high school) Teachers (700) Teach Elementary school Junior high school
Each governorate registers the ordinance. A. Institution of system B. policy and Strategy C. Administration of system Implement and coordinate education policy. Chart 5. Benchmark between Egypt and Japan Japan system al institution Regulate MEXT (Central government) Guide & Instruct Administrative staff in department. Prefecture government employee (800) Instruct & support center (150) 1.Institution design and implementation 2. policy making, planning, Budget, and research Textbook & Guideline books 3. Introduce Egypt system Textbook & Guideline books al institution Regulate MOE&VE, MOHE & SR (Central government) Guide & Instruct 4. administration (Policy, strategy, program development, plan, budget, HR management, Guiding, counseling, Research & Development ) 5. research & teacher s training Instruct & support D. School Management & Teaching Operation E. Students Teachers and school staff Kanagawa Pref.(50,000) Teaching Student (Kindergarten, Elementary, Junior high, High school) 6. School management 7. Classroom management Teachers and school staff Teaching 8. Teaching method/practice Student (Kindergarten, Elementary, Junior high, High school)