Prentice Hall Literature: Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes, Gold 2005 Pennsylvania Academic Standards for Reading, Writing, Speaking and Listening (Grade 9) 1.1 Learning to Read Independently: Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to: A. Locate various texts, media, and traditional resources for assigned and independent projects before reading. Why Read Literature? 2, 148, 244, 342, 442, 520, 632, 730, 892, 976; How to Read Literature, 3, 149, 245, 343, 443, 521, 633, 731, 893, 977; Reading Informational Materials, 90, 196, 256, 259, 397, 783, 537, 647, 883, 967, 1069; Extension Activities, 47 B. Analyze the structure of informational materials explaining how authors used these to achieve their purposes. Literary Analysis, 131, 137; Reading Informational Materials, 90-93, 196-199, 256-259, 394-397, 480-483, 535-537, 644-647, 880-883, 964-967, 1066-1069 C. Use knowledge of root words and words from literary works to recognize and understand the meaning of new words during reading. Use these words accurately in speaking and writing. Vocabulary Development Lesson, 5, 14, 17, 38, 41, 46, 49, 84, 95, 117, 121, 128, 131, 137, 151, 160, 163, 174, 177, 184, 187, 194, 201, 210, 213, 224, 227, 234, 247, 254, 261, 281, 288, 291, 300, 303, 315, 323, 325, 345, 354, 357, 364, 367, 385, 392, 399, 408, 411, 416, 419, 422, 464, 485, 500, 503, 510, 522, 532, 539, 550, 553, 566, 569, 586, 589, 604, 606, 622, 635, 642, 649, 670, 673, 692, 695, 706, 720, 733, 762, 768, 769, 793, 794, 817, 818, 843, 844, 859, 860, 876, 895, 900, 903, 912, 922, 925, 936, 939, 948, 954, 962, 979, 1019, 1020, 1048, 1062 TE: 229, 307, 359, 386, 777 1
D. Identify, describe, evaluate and synthesize the essential ideas in text. Assess those reading strategies that were most effective in learning from a variety of texts. Literary Analysis, 385, 391; How to Read Literature, 3, 148, 245, 343, 443; Reading Strategy, 41, 45, 131, 137, 177, 183, 213, 455, 463, 673, 691; Reading Informational Materials, 90, 93, 196, 199, 256, 259, 394-397, 644-647; Assessment Workshop, 241, 339; Review and Assess, 12, 36, 44, 82, 116, 123, 125, 126, 136, 158, 166, 182, 189, 192, 208, 229, 231, 232, 252, 272, 285, 286, 294, 295, 298, 310, 320, 329, 330, 352, 362, 372, 376, 390, 406, 407, 414, 430, 450, 463, 498, 508, 530, 548, 564, 576, 584, 602, 615, 620, 640, 655, 668, 679, 684, 690, 704, 714, 718, 760, 791, 815, 841, 857, 874, 898, 908, 920, 934, 946, 960, 1004, 1017, 1046, 1057, 1060 TE: 28, 81, 135, 180, 181, 192, 215, 218, 310, 330, 388, 457, 675, 686, 697, 699 E. Establish a reading vocabulary by identifying and correctly using new words acquired through the study of their relationships to other words. Use a dictionary or related reference. F. Understand the meaning of and apply key vocabulary across the various subject areas. Vocabulary Development Lesson, 14, 38, 46, 84, 118, 128, 137, 160, 174, 184, 194, 210, 224, 234, 254, 288, 300, 312, 322, 332, 354, 364, 378, 392, 408, 416, 432, 452, 464, 500, 510, 532, 550, 566, 586, 604, 622, 642, 670, 692, 706, 720, 762, 793, 817, 843, 859, 876, 900, 922, 936, 948, 962, 1019, 1048, 1062; Assessment Workshop, 727 TE: 640, 690, 704 Vocabulary Development Lesson, 234, 843, 1019 TE: 229, 542 G. Demonstrate after reading understanding and interpretation of both fiction and nonfiction text, including public documents. 1. Make, and support with evidence, assertions about texts. Review and Assess, 13, 37, 45, 83, 117, 127, 137, 173, 183, 189, 193, 223, 233, 253, 273, 287, 295, 299, 311, 321, 331, 353, 363, 377, 407, 415, 431, 451, 464, 477, 499, 509, 531, 549, 565, 585, 603, 621, 641, 669, 691, 705, 719, 761, 792, 816, 842, 858, 875, 899, 909, 921, 935, 947, 961, 1018, 1047, 1061 2
2. Compare and contrast texts using themes, settings, characters, and ideas. 3. Make extensions to related ideas, topics, or information. 4. Assess the validity of the document based on context. 5. Analyze the positions, arguments, and evidence in public documents. Literary Analysis, 121, 127, 173, 187, 193, 227, 233, 281, 287, 291, 299, 325, 331, 377, 399, 407, 471, 477, 606, 621, 955, 961, 1051, 1061; Reading Strategy, 261, 273; Connecting Literature, 89, 167; Writing Lesson, 129; Review and Assess, 169 TE: 86, 124, 264, 265, 270, 293, 1054 How to Read Literature, 245, 343, 633, 893, 977; Reading Strategy, 281, 287; Preview, 4, 16, 40, 48, 94, 120, 130, 150, 162, 176, 186, 200, 212, 226, 246, 260, 280, 290, 302, 314, 324, 345, 356, 366, 384, 398, 410, 418, 444, 454, 470, 484, 502, 522, 538, 552, 568, 588, 606, 634, 648, 672, 694, 708, 732, 894, 902, 912, 924, 938, 954, 978, 1050; Extend Understanding, 13, 37, 45, 83, 117, 127, 137, 159, 173, 183, 193, 209, 223, 233, 253, 273, 287, 299, 311, 321, 331, 353, 363, 377, 391, 407, 415, 431, 451, 463, 477, 499, 509, 531, 549, 565, 585, 603, 621, 641, 669, 691, 708, 719, 761, 793, 816, 842, 858, 876, 877, 909, 921, 935, 947, 961, 1018, 1047, 1061; Connecting Literature, 89, 167, 279, 383, 469, 534, 681, 879, 953, 1065 TE: 86, 284 Literary Analysis, 131, 137; Reading Informational Materials, 90-93, 196-199, 256-259, 394-397, 480-483, 535-537, 644-647, 1066-1069 TE: 135 Literary Analysis, 131, 137, 485, 499; Reading Strategy, 649, 669; Reading Informational Materials, 90-93, 196-199, 256-259, 394-397, 535-537, 644-647, 1066-1069; Listening and Speaking Workshop, 338 TE: 135, 489, 491, 492, 496 6. Evaluate the author s strategies. Literary Analysis, 131, 137; Reading Strategy, 247, 253; Reading Informational Materials, 90-93, 196-199, 256-259, 394-397535-537, 644-647, 1066-1069; Listening and Speaking Workshop, 338 TE: 135, 250 3
7. Critique public documents to identify strategies common in public discourse. Reading Informational Materials, 90-93, 196-199, 256-259, 394-397535-537, 644-647, 1066-1069; Listening and Speaking Workshop, 338 TE: 135 H. Demonstrate fluency and comprehension in reading. 1. Read familiar materials aloud with accuracy. Literary Analysis, 794 TE: 55, 67, 105, 164, 204 2. Self-correct mistakes. How to Read Literature, 3, 149, 245, 343, 443, 521, 633, 731; reading Strategy, 5, 13, 345, 353, 357, 363, 411, 415, 422, 531, 635, 641, 818, 842 TE: 8, 10, 348, 350, 360, 412, 525, 529, 638, 828 3. Use appropriate rhythm, flow, meter, and pronunciation. Reading Strategy, 635, 641, 794, 816 TE: 638, 799, 810 4. Read a variety of genres and types of text. Students read a variety of genres including fiction, nonfiction, poetry, and drama. 5. Demonstrate comprehension (Standard 1.1.11.G) How to Read Literature, 3, 149, 245, 443, 521, 633, 731, 893, 977; Review and Assess, 13, 37, 45, 83, 117, 127, 137, 173, 183, 189, 193, 223, 233, 253, 273, 287, 295, 299, 311, 321, 331, 353, 363, 377, 407, 415, 431, 451, 464, 477, 499, 509, 531, 549, 565, 585, 603, 621, 641, 669, 691, 705, 719, 761, 792, 816, 842, 858, 875, 899, 909, 921, 935, 947, 961, 1018, 1047, 1061 1.2 Reading Critically in All Content Areas: Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to: A. Read and understand essential content of informational texts and documents in all academic areas. 1. Differentiate fact from opinion across a variety of texts by using complete and accurate information, coherent arguments, and points of view. How to Read Literature, 443; Reading Strategy, 485, 499; Reading Informational Materials, 90-93, 394-397, 535-537, 1066-1069 TE: 208, 487, 493, 496 4
2. Distinguish between essential and nonessential information across a variety of sources, identifying the use of proper references or authorities and propaganda techniques where present. 3. Use teacher and student established criteria for making decisions and drawing conclusions. 4. Evaluate text organization and content to determine the author s purpose and effectiveness according to the author s theses, accuracy, thoroughness, logic, and reasoning. How to Read Literature, 443; Reading Strategy, 445, 451; Reading Informational Materials, 90-93, 196, 199, 256-259, 394-397, 480-483, 535-537, 644-647, 1066-1069; Listening and Speaking Workshop, 972 TE: 192, 332, 449 How to Read Literature, 245, 343, 443, 521; Reading Strategy, 291, 299, 315, 321, 539, 549, 569, 585, 606, 621, 939, 947 TE: 104, 292, 293, 296, 317, 352, 462, 508, 527, 542, 570, 583, 591, 609, 613, 619, 940, 942 How to Read Literature, 443; Literary Analysis, 163, 173, 445, 451; Reading Strategy, 303, 311, 503, 509, 649, 669, 709, 719, 860, 875; Reading Informational Materials, 644-647, 1066-1069; Assessment Workshop, 439 TE: 164, 165, 168, 170, 172, 182, 222, 305, 306, 390, 406, 448, 449, 461, 506, 530, 621, 651, 653, 661, 711, 717, 763, 867 B. Use and understand a variety of media and evaluate the quality of material produced. 1. Select appropriate electronic media for research and evaluate the quality of the information received. Extension Activities, 47, 85, 465, 643 2. Explain how the techniques used in electronic media modify traditional forms of discourse for different purposes. Extension Activities, 643; Listening and Speaking Workshop, 628, 972 3. Use, design and develop a media project to demonstrate understanding (e.g., a major writer or literary period or movement). C. Produce work in at least one literary genre that follows the conventions of the genre. Extension Activities, 129, 139, 175, 417 Writing Lesson, 119, 129, 140, 409, 417, 623, 949, 963; Writing Workshop, 624-627 5
1.3 Reading, Analyzing and Interpreting Literature: Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to: A. Read and understand works of literature. xxvi, in1, in2-3, in4-5, in6-7, in8-9, in10-11; Review and Assess, 13, 37, 45, 83, 117, 127, 137, 173, 183, 189, 193, 223, 233, 253, 273, 287, 295, 299, 311, 321, 331, 353, 363, 377, 407, 415, 431, 451, 464, 477, 499, 509, 531, 549, 565, 585, 603, 621, 641, 669, 691, 705, 719, 761, 792, 816, 842, 858, 875, 899, 909, 921, 935, 947, 961, 1018, 1047, 1061 B. Analyze the relationships, uses and effectiveness of literary elements used by one or more authors in similar genres including characterization, setting, plot, theme, point of view, tone and style. Literary Analysis, 5, 13, 17, 37, 41, 45, 95, 117, 121, 127, 151, 159, 163, 173, 177, 183, 201, 209, 213, 223, 227, 233, 247, 253, 261, 273, 291, 299, 302, 311, 315, 321, 325, 345, 353, 363, 419, 431, 455, 463, 503, 509, 522, 525, 531, 539, 549, 553, 565, 569, 585, 589, 603, 606, 621, 695, 705, 769, 792, 844, 858, 979, 1018, 1020, 1047 TE: 7, 8, 9, 20, 24, 30, 43, 97, 106, 108, 111, 114, 123, 157, 182, 216, 220, 249, 251, 263, 266, 292, 296, 305, 307, 317, 348, 349, 359, 361, 421, 428, 458, 506, 543, 547, 555, 559, 572, 579, 591, 597, 609, 612, 773, 782, 986, 1001, 1011, 1025, 1039 C. Analyze the effectiveness, in terms of literary quality, of the author s use of literary devices. 1. Sound techniques (e.g., rhyme, rhythm, meter, alliteration). 2. Figurative language (e.g., personification, simile, metaphor, hyperbole, irony, satire). 3. Literary structures (e.g., foreshadowing, flashbacks, progressive and digressive time). D. Analyze and evaluate in poetry the appropriateness of diction and figurative language (e.g., irony, understatement, overstatement, paradox). Literary Analysis, 471, 477, 895, 899, 925, 935 TE: 474, 896, 926, 932, 933 Literary Analysis, 187, 193, 281, 287, 357, 363, 411, 415, 485, 844, 858, 895, 899, 903, 909, 913, 921 TE: 189, 190, 283, 284, 849, 904, 906, 908, 914, 916, 920 Literary Analysis, 49, 83 TE: 52, 54, 55, 60, 62, 67, 78 Literary Analysis, 121, 127, 399, 407, 411, 415, 485, 844, 858, 895, 899, 903, 909, 913, 921 TE: 403, 405, 474, 849, 904, 906, 908 6
E. Analyze how a scriptwriter s use of words creates tone and mood, and how choice of words advances the theme or purpose of the work. F. Read and respond to nonfiction and fiction including poetry and drama. Literary Analysis, 733, 761, 769, 792, 794, 816, 818, 842, 844, 858; Listening and Speaking Workshop, 628 TE: 745, 756, 773, 782, 799, 811, 825, 849, 914, 916, 920 Reading Strategy, 163, 173; Review and Assess, 13, 37, 45, 83, 117, 127, 137, 173, 183, 189, 193, 223, 233, 253, 273, 287, 295, 299, 311, 321, 331, 353, 363, 377, 407, 415, 431, 451, 464, 477, 499, 509, 531, 549, 565, 585, 603, 621, 641, 669, 691, 705, 719, 761, 792, 816, 842, 858, 875, 899, 909, 921, 935, 947, 961, 1018, 1047, 1061 TE: 170 1.4 Types of Writing: Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to: A. Write short stories, poems, and plays. 1. Apply varying organizational methods. Writing Lesson, 119, 129, 313, 379, 409, 417, 479, 623; Writing Workshop, 140-143, 624-627 2. Use relevant illustrations. Writing Lesson, 313, 379, 417; Writing Workshop, 140-143, 624-627 3. Utilize dialogue. Writing Lesson, 129, 275, 417, 623; Extension Activities, 289; Writing Workshop, 624-627 4. Apply literary conflict. Writing Lesson, 119, 417; Writing Workshop, 624-627 5. Include varying characteristics (e.g., from limerick to epic, from whimsical to dramatic). Writing Lesson, 119, 129, 313, 409, 417, 623; Writing Workshop, 140-143, 624-627 6. Include literary elements (Standard 1.3.11.B.) Writing Lesson, 119, 417, 623; Extension Activities, 289; Writing Workshop, 624-627 7. Use literary devices (Standard 1.3.11.C). Writing Lesson, 119, 409, 417, 479; Writing Workshop, 624-627 7
B. Write complex informational pieces (e.g., research papers, analyses, evaluations, essays). 1. Include a variety of methods to develop the main idea. Writing Lesson, 129, 195, 355, 465, 501, 587, 605, 707, 911; Extension Activities, 119, 255, 433, 511, 643; Writing Workshop, 434-437, 512-515, 722-725, 884-887, 968-971, 1070-1075 2. Use precise language and specific detail. Writing Lesson, 129, 195, 355, 465, 501, 511, 587, 605, 707, 911; Extension Activities, 119, 255, 433, 511, 643; Writing Workshop, 434-437, 512-515, 722-725, 884-887, 968-971, 1070-1075 3. Include cause and effect. Writing Workshop, 1070-1075 4. Use relevant graphics (e.g., maps, charts, graphs, tables, illustrations, photographs). Extension Activities, 15, 139, 161, 225, 255, 379, 453, 465, 623, 707; Writing Workshop, 514 5. Use primary and secondary sources. Extension Activities, 119, 185, 211, 235, 379, 433, 511, 605, 643, 911; Writing Workshop, 1070-1075 C. Write persuasive pieces. 1. Include a clearly stated position or opinion. Reading Informational Materials, 93; Writing Lesson, 175, 185, 235, 301, 551, 671, 877; Writing Workshop, 334-337 2. Include convincing, elaborated and properly cited evidence. Reading Informational Materials, 93; Writing Lesson, 175, 185, 235, 301, 551, 671, 877; Writing Workshop, 334-337 3. Develop reader interest. Writing Lesson, 175, 185, 235, 301, 551, 671, 877; Writing Workshop, 334-337 4. Anticipate and counter reader concerns and arguments. Writing Lesson, 175, 185, 235, 301, 551, 671, 877; Writing Workshop, 334-337 5. Include a variety of methods to advance the argument or position. Reading Informational Materials, 93; Writing Lesson, 175, 185, 235, 301, 551, 671, 877; Writing Workshop, 334-337 D. Maintain a written record of activities, course work, experience, honors, and interests. Extension Activities, 355 E. Write a personal résumé. Workplace Writing, R19 8
1.5 Quality of Writing: Types of Writing: Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to: A. Write with a sharp, distinct focus. 1. Identify topic, task, and audience. Writing Lesson, 139, 195, 275, 300, 333, 393, 417, 501, 551, 587, 671, 707, 911, 1063; Writing Workshop, 236-239, 334-337, 434, 512-515, 624-627, 722-725, 884-887, 968-971, 1070-1075 2. Establish and maintain a single point of view. Writing Lesson, 85, 300, 333, 533, 551, 671, 707, 1063; Writing Workshop, 334-337, 624-627, 722-725, 968-971, 1070-1075 B. Write using well-developed content appropriate for the topic. 1. Gather, determine validity and reliability of, analyze, and organize information. 2. Employ the most effective format for purpose and audience. 3. Write fully developed paragraphs that have details and information specific to the topic and relevant to the focus. Writing Lesson, 15, 39, 85, 119, 129, 139, 161, 195, 225, 275, 300, 333, 501, 551, 587, 671, 707, 1063; Writing Workshop, 140-143, 236-239, 334-337, 512-515, 624-627, 722-725, 884-887, 968-971, 1070-1075 Writing Lesson, 275, 300, 333, 393, 501, 551, 587, 671, 707, 911, 1063; 140-143, 236-239, 334-337, 512-515, 624-627, 722-725, 884-887, 968-971, 1070-1075 Writing lesson, 15, 85, 119, 129, 139, 195, 225, 275, 300, 313, 323, 333, 365, 417, 453; Writing Workshop, 140-143, 236-239, 334-337, 512-515, 624-627, 722-725, 884-887, 968-971, 1070-1075 C. Write with controlled and/or subtle organization. 1. Sustain a logical order throughout the piece. Writing Lesson, 15, 129, 161, 195, 225, 300, 433, 1063; Writing Workshop, 140-143, 236-239, 334-337, 512-515, 624-627, 722-725, 884-887, 968-971, 1070-1075 2. Include an effective introduction and conclusion. Writing Lesson, 139, 300, 365, 379, 453, 501, 551, 671, 707, 911, 1063; Writing Workshop, 140-143, 236-239, 334-337, 512-515, 624-627, 722-725, 884-887, 968-971, 1070-1075 9
D. Write with a command of the stylistic aspects of composition. 1. Use different types and lengths of sentences. Writing Lesson, 551; Grammar Lesson, 1062; Writing Workshop, 143, 514, 624-627, 722-725, 886-887, 970-971, 1070-1075 2. Use precise language. Writing Lesson, 15, 39, 47, 129, 139, 161, 195, 275, 333, 365, 379, 409, 551, 587, 643, 707, 901, 911, 1063; Writing Workshop, 142, 337, 512-515, 624-627, 722-725, 884-887, 968-971, 1070-1075 E. Revise writing to improve style, word choice, sentence variety, and subtlety of meaning after rethinking how questions of purpose, audience, and genre have been addressed. Writing Lesson, 15, 39, 47, 85, 119, 129, 139, 161, 175, 185, 195, 225, 275, 300, 323, 333, 355, 365, 393, 409, 417, 433, 453, 479, 501, 551, 587, 671, 707, 1063; Writing Workshop, 142-143, 238-239, 336-337, 436-437, 514-515, 626-627, 724-725, 886-887, 970-971, 1074-1075 F. Edit writing using the conventions of language. 1. Spell all words correctly. Spelling Strategy, 14, 38, 46, 84, 118, 128, 137, 160, 174, 184, 194, 210, 224, 234, 254, 274, 288, 300, 312, 322, 332, 354, 364, 378, 392, 408, 416, 432, 452, 464, 478, 500, 510, 532, 550, 566, 586, 604, 622, 642, 670, 692, 706, 720, 762, 793, 817, 843, 859, 876, 900, 910, 922, 936, 948, 962, 1019, 1048, 1062 2. Use capital letters correctly. Grammar and Mechanics Handbook, R22 3. Punctuate correctly (periods, exclamation points, question marks, apostrophes, colons, semicolons, parentheses, hyphens, brackets, ellipses). 4. Use nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, propositions, and interjections properly. Grammar Lesson, 900, 910, 922, 936, 948, 962; Assessment Workshop, 1077 TE: 1017 Grammar Lesson, 14, 38, 46, 84, 118, 128, 137, 160, 174, 184, 194, 210, 224, 234, 254, 274, 288, 300, 312, 322, 332, 354, 364, 378, 392, 408, 416, 432, 452, 464, 478, 500, 510, 532, 550, 566, 586, 604, 622, 642, 670, 692, 706, 720, 762, 793, 817, 842, 859, 876, 1019, 1048; Assessment Workshop, 1077 TE: 1060 10
5. Use complete sentences (simple, compound, complex, declarative, interrogative, exclamatory and imperative). G. Present and/or defend written work for publication when appropriate. Grammar Lesson, 452, 464, 478, 500, 510, 532, 550, 566, 586, 604, 622, 706, 793, 900, 1062 TE: 1046 Writing Workshop, 143, 337, 887 1.6. Speaking and Listening: Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to: A. Listen to others. 1. Ask clarifying questions. Extension Activities, 417, 465; Listening and Speaking Workshop, 240, 516 2. Synthesize information, ideas, and opinions to determine relevancy. Extension Activities, 465; Listening and Speaking Workshop, 516, 726 3. Take notes. Extension Activities, 465; Listening and Speaking Workshop, 240, 516, 726 B. Listen to selections of literature (fiction and/or nonfiction). 1. Relate them to previous knowledge. Extension Activities, 843; Listening and Speaking Workshop, 628 2. Predict solutions to identified problems. Extension Activities, 843 3. Summarize and reflect on what has been heard. Extension Activities, 843; Listening and Speaking Workshop, 628 4. Identify and define new words and concepts. Extension Activities, 843 5. Analyze and synthesize the selections relating them to other selections heard or read. Extension Activities, 843; Listening and Speaking Workshop, 628 C. Speak using skills appropriate to formal speech situations. 1. Use a variety of sentence structures to add interest to a presentation. Extension Activities, 501; Listening and Speaking Workshop, 144, 438, 888, 1076 2. Pace the presentation according to audience and purpose. Extension Activities, 39, 501; Listening and Speaking Workshop, 144, 438, 888, 1076 3. Adjust stress, volume, and inflection to provide emphasis to ideas or to influence the audience. Extension Activities, 15, 39, 185, 333, 501, 605; Listening and Speaking Workshop, 144, 438, 888, 1076 11
D. Contribute to discussions. 1. Ask relevant, clarifying questions. Extension Activities, 465, 479, 511, 721 2. Respond with relevant information or opinions to questions asked. 3. Listen to and acknowledge the contributions of others. 4. Adjust tone and involvement to encourage equitable participation. Extension Activities, 85, 465, 479, 511, 721 Extension Activities, 161, 465, 479, 511, 721 Extension Activities, 161, 465, 479, 511, 721 5. Facilitate total group participation. Extension Activities, 161, 465, 479, 511, 721 6. Introduce relevant, facilitating information, ideas, and opinions to enrich the discussion. Extension Activities, 85, 161, 465, 479, 511, 721 7. Paraphrase and summarize as needed. Extension Activities, 161, 465, 479, 511, 721 E. Participate in small and large group discussions and presentations. 1. Initiate everyday conversation. Extension Activities, 623 2. Select and present an oral reading on an assigned topic. Extension Activities, 333, 365, 479, 587, 793, 937; Writing Workshop, 627, 887 3. Conduct interviews. Extension Activities, 47, 195, 417, 551, 671; Listening and Speaking Workshop, 240 4. Participate in a formal interview (e.g., for a job, college). Extension Activities, 195, 417; Listening and Speaking Workshop, 240 5. Organize and participate in informal debate around a specific topic. 6. Use evaluation guides (e.g., National Issues forum, Toastmasters) to evaluate group discussion (e.g., of peers, on television). Extension Activities, 161, 313, 949, 1049 Listening and Speaking Workshop, 726 F. Use media for learning purposes. 1. Use various forms of media to elicit information, to make a student presentation and to complete class assignments and projects. Extension Activities, 15, 39, 129, 417 12
2. Evaluate the role of media in focusing attention and forming opinions. 3. Create a multi-media (e.g., film, music, computer graphic) presentation for display or transmission that demonstrates an understanding of a specific topic or issue or teaches others about it. Listening and Speaking Workshop, 972 Extension Activities, 129, 175, 417 1.7 Characteristics and Functions of the English Language: Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to: A. Describe the influence of historical events on the English language. B. Analyze when differences in language are a source of negative or positive stereotypes among groups. C. Explain and evaluate the role and influence of the English language within and across countries. This objective is covered in grades eleven and twelve. This objective is covered in grades eleven and twelve. This objective is covered in grades eleven and twelve. 1.8 Research: Pennsylvania s public schools shall teach, challenge and support every student to realize his or her maximum potential and to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to: A. Select and refine a topic for research. Extension Activities, 39, 47, 85, 119, 129, 139, 211, 235, 365, 433, 511, 605, 643, 911, R28; Writing Workshop, 1070-1075 B. Locate information using appropriate sources and strategies. 1. Determine valid resources for researching the topic, including primary and secondary sources. 2. Evaluate the importance and quality of the sources. 3. Select sources appropriate to the breadth and depth of the research (e.g., dictionaries, thesauruses, other reference materials, interviews, observations, computer databases). Extension Activities, 47, 85, 119, 129, 139, 185, 211, 235, 365, 433, 511, 605, 643, 911, R28, R29; Writing Workshop, 1070-1075 Reading Informational Materials, 256-259; Extension Activities, 643; Writing Workshop, 1070-1075 Extension Activities, 47, 85, 119, 129, 139, 185, 211, 235, 365, 433, 511, 605, 643, 911, R28, R29; Writing Workshop, 1070-1075 4. Use tables of contents, indices, key words, cross-references, and appendices. Internet Research Handbook, R28; Writing Workshop, 1070-1075 13
5. Use traditional and electronic search tools. Extension Activities, 47, 85, 119, 129, 139, 185, 211, 235, 365, 433, 511, 605, 643, 911, R28, R29; Writing Workshop, 1070-1075 C. Organize, summarize and present the main ideas from research. 1. Take notes relevant to the research topic. Extension Activities, 85, 433, 605; Writing Workshop, 1070-1075 2. Develop a thesis statement based on research. Extension Activities, 433, 605; Writing Workshop, 1070-1075 3. Anticipate readers problems or misunderstandings. Extension Activities, 605; Writing Workshop, 1070-1075 4. Give precise, formal credit for others ideas, images, or information using a standard method of documentation. Extension Activities, 911, R31, R32; Writing Workshop, 1070-1075 5. Use formatting techniques (e.g., headings, graphics) to aid reader understanding. Extension Activities, 15, 139, 161, 225, 313, 323, 465, 707, R30; Writing Workshop, 514, 1070-1075 14