LESSON 6 TEACHER S GUIDE by Elizabeth Dana Jaffe Fountas-Pinnell Level O Informational Text Selection Summary Ants live almost everywhere in the world. There are about 12,000 kinds of ants. They live and work together in underground cities called colonies. Every colony has three types of ants: the queen, the drone, and the worker. Each ant does a job to help the entire colony. Characteristics of the Text Genre Informational Text Text Structure Five sections with headings, each two to fi ve pages Content Characteristics of ants Number of Words: 1,054 Specifi c jobs that each type of ant does Life within the ant colony Themes and Ideas Ants have jobs, just like people. The world of ants is very complex. Some animals live and work together in communities. Language and Conversational language Literary Features Writer talks directly to the reader. Sentence Complexity Several sentences with nouns or verbs in series: It has a sharp lower jaw called the mandible that cuts, tears, digs, and carries things. Several complex sentences, some with an introductory clause: Even though ants are some of the smallest animals, they are also some of the strongest. Vocabulary Terms specifi c to ants: antennae, mandible, abdomen, thorax, colonies, anthill, tunnels, chambers, larvae, drone, foragers Words Compound words: anthill, anteaters, everywhere Many words with three or more syllables Multi-syllable words that are challenging to take apart or decode: antennae, abdomen, mandible, colonies, foragers Illustrations Photographs closely linked to text on each page One diagram labeled with body parts of an ant Book and Print Features Thirteen pages of text; fi ve section headings Information in captions and diagram labels 2006. Fountas, I.C. & Pinnell, G.S. Teaching for Comprehending and Fluency, Heinemann, Portsmouth, N.H. Copyright by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner unless such copying is expressly permitted by federal copyright law. Permission is hereby granted to individual teachers using the corresponding (discipline) Leveled Readers to photocopy student worksheets from this publication in classroom quantities for instructional use and not for resale. Requests for information on other matters regarding duplication of this work should be addressed to Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, Attn: Contracts, Copyrights, and Licensing, 9400 SouthPark Center Loop, Orlando, Florida 32819. Printed in the U.S.A. 978-0-547-30261-4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0940 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 If you have received these materials as examination copies free of charge, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company retains title to the materials and they may not be resold. Resale of examination copies is strictly prohibited. Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication, or any portion of it, into electronic format.
by Elizabeth Dana Jaffe Build Background Help children use their knowledge of ants. Build interest by asking questions such as the following: What do you know about ants? Where have you seen ants? Read the title and author s name and talk about the cover photograph. Tell children that this book is informational text, so the words and photos will give factual information about ants and how they live. Introduce the Text Guide children through the text, noting important ideas, and helping with unfamiliar language and vocabulary so they can read the text successfully. Here are some suggestions: Page 2: Explain that this is a book of information about ants. Suggested language: Turn to page 2. Look at the section head: Ants Are Everywhere. Read the caption: Ants often look for food at picnics, even if they aren t invited! Have you ever seen ants suddenly appear near food? I wonder how they know where to fi nd it. Page 4: Have children read the section head and look at the diagram. Read the labels as children point to the body parts. Explain that the antennae are a pair of long, thin parts on the ant s head that help it to touch, taste, and smell. How do you think antennae could help an ant touch or smell things? Page 6: Have children read the caption and look at the illustration. Explain that ants build underground cities, called ant colonies, and that the rooms in the colonies are called chambers. What are the ants carrying into the chambers of their colony? Page 11: Have children look at the photo of three ants working together. Explain that these ants have found food for the colony. Do you think one ant could carry this big piece of bread alone? It seems like ants need to work together to fi nd food to eat. Now turn back to the beginning of the book and read to fi nd out how different ants work together in ant colonies. Expand Your Vocabulary antennae a pair of slender movable organs of sensation on the head of an insect, p. 5 chambers enclosed spaces or compartments, p. 6 colonies populations of plants or animals in particular places that belong to one species, p. 6 drone a male ant that has wings, p. 8 nursery a place where children are temporarily cared for in their parents absence, p. 10 2 Lesson 6:
Read Have children read silently while you listen to individual children read. Support their problem solving and fluency as needed. Remind children to use the Question Strategy as they read. and to think of questions Discuss and Revisit the Text Personal Response Invite children to share their personal responses to the book. Suggested language: What did you learn about ants that you didn t know before? Ways of Thinking As you discuss the text, help children understand these points: Thinking Within the Text Thinking Beyond the Text Thinking About the Text Ants live together in underground cities called colonies. Every colony has three types of ants: the queen, the drone, and the worker. Each type of ant has its own kind of work to do. Different types of ants have different jobs that help the whole colony survive. Some animals live and work together in communities. Ants go to work every day at a job, just like many people. 2006. Fountas, I.C. & Pinnell, G.S. Teaching for Comprehending and Fluency, Heinemann, Portsmouth, N.H. The photographs show different kinds of ants at work. A diagram shows the parts of an ant s body. The author includes lots of details about different kinds of ants and what they do. The section headings give a good idea of what information will be covered. Choices for Further Support Fluency Invite children to choose a page from the text and demonstrate phrased fl uent reading. Remind them to use rising and falling tones to show the meaning of the text. Comprehension Based on your observations of the children s reading and discussion, revisit parts of the text to clarify or extend comprehension. Remind children to go back to the text to support their ideas. Phonics/Word Work Provide practice as needed with words and word parts, using examples from the text. Have children take apart and make a full range of plurals, including irregular plurals and plurals that require spelling changes (antenna/antennae, larva/larvae, colony/colonies, body/bodies, enemy/enemies, branch/branches). 3 Lesson 6:
Writing about Reading Critical Thinking Have children complete the Critical Thinking questions on BLM 6.9. Responding Have children complete the activities at the back of the book. Use the instruction below as needed to reinforce or extend understanding of the comprehension skill. Target Comprehension on Skill Text and Graphic Features Remind children that they can think about how words work with photos. Model the skill, using a Think Aloud like the one below: Think Aloud How are the photos in this book useful? To fill in the chart on page 15, I have to think about what they show. How does the photo on page 11 help me understand more about the text on that page? The photo of forager ants shows me how ants work together to carry food. That s what I ll write in the chart. Practice the Skill Have children choose two photographs from the book and write two sentences about how each photo helped them better understand the words on that page. Writing Prompt: Thinking About the Text Have children write a response to the prompt on page 6. Remind them that when they think about the text, they reflect back on the text. They notice and evaluate language, genre, literary devices, and how the text is organized. Assessment Prompts Which words on page 9 help the reader understand the meaning of the word pupa? What is the author s purpose for writing the section titled Homes in the Ground? 4 Lesson 6:
Read directions to children. English Language Development Reading Support Check regularly on children s oral reading to determine accuracy, fluency, and comprehension. Vocabulary Offer children support with the scientific names for the ant s body parts and stages of development: antennae, mandible, abdomen, thorax, colonies, anthill, tunnels, chambers, larvae, drone, foragers. Oral Language Development Check children s comprehension, using a dialogue that best matches their English proficiency level. Speaker 1 is the teacher, Speaker 2 is the child. Beginning/Early Intermediate Intermediate Early Advanced/ Advanced Speaker 1: How many legs does an ant have? Speaker 2: six Speaker 1: Where do ants live? Speaker 2: in an ant colony Speaker 1: What three kinds of ants live in an ant colony? Speaker 2: the queen, drones, and workers Speaker 1: How do ants talk to each other? Speaker 2: They touch antennae. Speaker 1: How do ants make tunnels and chambers in their colony? Speaker 2: They scoop up dirt in the colony with their jaws, carry it outside, and drop it to make an anthill. Name Read and answer the questions. Date Lesson 6 BLACKLINE MASTER 6.9 1. How many body parts do insects have? 2. Why do you think there are no ants on Antarctica? 3. What are two ways that ants communicate with each other? Making Connections Both ants and gophers live under the ground. What other animals live under the ground? Why do you think they live there? Write your answer in your Reader s Notebook., Unit 2: Nature Watch 5 Lesson 6:
Name Date Thinking About the Text Think about the question below. Then write your answer in one or two paragraphs. The author divided this book into five sections and gave each section a heading. How did that help you as you were learning information about ants? Do you think any of the sections should have been longer or shorter. Why? 6 Lesson 6:
Name Read and answer the questions. Date Lesson 6 BLACKLINE MASTER 6.9 1. How many body parts do insects have? 2. Why do you think there are no ants on Antarctica? 3. What are two ways that ants communicate with each other? Making Connections Both ants and gophers live under the ground. What other animals live under the ground? Why do you think they live there? Write your answer in your Reader s Notebook. 7 Lesson 6:
Student Date Lesson 6 BLACKLINE MASTER 6.13 LEVEL O Running Record Form page Selection Text Errors Self-Corrections 2 You are having a picnic by a peaceful pond. The branches of the nearby trees sway in the warm breeze. You throw bread to the birds, who snatch it up with their beaks. Everything is perfect... except that now there are ants everywhere. They are busy searching for food. Your food! 3 Ants live almost everywhere, except on the continent of Antarctica. There are about 12,000 kinds of ants. They are black, blue, brown, red, yellow, green, and even purple! Most ants are tiny between 1/16 of an inch and one inch long. Comments: Accuracy Rate (# words read correctly/93 100) % Total Self- Corrections Behavior Code Error Read word correctly cat 0 Repeated word, sentence, or phrase Omission cat 0 cat 1 Behavior Code Error Substitution cut cat 1 Self-corrects cut sc cat Insertion the ˆcat 1 Word told T 1 cat 0 1413617 8 Lesson 6: