English Language Arts - Standard A - Performance Standards Grade 8 Content Standard: Students in Wisconsin will read and respond to a wide range of writing to build an understanding of written materials, of themselves, and of others. Rationale Reading is a complex, interactive process that continues to be a primary means of acquiring and using information. Society regards reading as essential to daily living. Because reading is fundamental to the mastery of other school subjects, students at all levels must learn to understand what they read. They must know and use various strategies--ways of unlocking the meaning of words and larger blocks of text--to become successful readers. Students should be challenged to read literature and other materials that reflect and stimulate their interests and intellectual abilities. They should read a wide variety of materials, including fiction, nonfiction, poetry, drama, and other written works that reveal the richness and diversity of our heritage, afford opportunities to acquire new information, refine perspectives, respond to the needs and demands of society and the workplace, and provide for personal fulfillment. English Language Arts - Standard A - Performance Standards Grade 8 By the end of grade eight, students will: A.8.1 Use effective reading strategies to achieve their purposes in reading. Use knowledge of sentence and word structure, word origins, visual images, and context clues to understand unfamiliar words and clarify passages of text Use knowledge of the visual features of texts, such as headings and bold face print, and structures of texts, such as chronology and cause-and-effect, as aids to comprehension SE/TE: Context clues, P3, 23, 28, 31, 35, 37, 43, 45, 49, 55, 57, 59, 63, 67, 70; also see: Synonym: rewrite sentence with, 45, 186, 429, 437, 591, 597, 769, Sentence, 643, 682, 703, 858, 883, Test Practice, 194, 402, 566, 716, 896, 1060, Analogy, match, in word pairs, 67, 111, 673, 997, 1003, Word sets, 655, 661, Antonym, match, with answer choice, 449; Vocabulary Workshop: Word Origins, 394 395; Word with Multiple Meanings, 558 559; Connotation/Denotation, 708 709; Borrowed and Foreign Words, 888 889; Figurative Language, 1052 1053 SE/TE: Informational Texts: Locate types of information, 77; Analyze structure and purpose, 154 159; understand text structure and purpose, 282 287; connecting ideas to make generalizations, 364 369; analyzing author s argument, 462 467; structure and purpose, 530 535; technical directions, 622 627; main idea, 686 691; identify author s perspective, 812 817; identify bias and stereotyping, 862 865; analyze cause and effect organization, 960 965; analyze point of view, 1028 1033; Organization, 94, 411, 417, 485 1
Establish purposeful reading and writing habits by using texts to find information, gain understanding of diverse viewpoints, make decisions, and enjoy the experience of reading Select, summarize, paraphrase, analyze, and evaluate, orally and in writing, passages of texts chosen for specific purposes SE/TE: Purpose for reading, set, P10, 737, 741, 752, 754, 756, 761, 768, 769, 773, 776, 778, 780, 786, 792, 796, 799, 802, 807, 810; Preview text before reading, 737, 741, 752, 754, 756, 761, 768, 769; Informational Texts: Locate types of information, 77; Analyze structure and purpose, 154 159; understand text structure and purpose, 282 287; connecting ideas to make generalizations, 364 369; analyzing author s argument, 462 467; structure and purpose, 530 535; technical directions, 622 627; main idea, 686 691; identify author s perspective, 812 817; identify bias and stereotyping, 862 865; analyze cause and effect organization, 960 965; analyze point of view, 1028 1033; also see: Response to Big Questions: What is the best way to find the truth?, 185; Does every conflict have a winner?, 393; What should we learn?, 556; What is the best way to communicate?, 707; Do others see us more clearly than we see ourselves?, 887; Community or individual which is more important?, 1051 SE/TE: Informational Texts: Locate types of information, 77; Analyze structure and purpose, 154 159; understand text structure and purpose, 282 287; connecting ideas to make generalizations, 364 369; analyzing author s argument, 462 467; structure and purpose, 530 535; technical directions, 622 627; main idea, 686 691; identify author s perspective, 812 817; identify bias and stereotyping, 862 865; analyze cause and effect organization, 960 965; analyze point of view, 1028 1033 2
A.8.2 Read, interpret, and critically analyze literature. Identify the defining features and structure of literary texts, such as conflict, representation of character, and point of view Analyze the effect of characters, plot, setting, language, topic, style, purpose, and point of view on the overall impact of literature Draw on a broad base of knowledge about the genres of literature, such as the structure and conventions of essays, epics, fables, myths, plays, poems, short stories, and novels, when interpreting the meaning of a literary work SE/TE: Elements of Fiction, 6; Literary Analysis: Narrative Text, 23; What is a short story?, 200 201; Elements of short stories, 202 203; What is poetry, 572 573; Poetry, elements, 574 575; Poetry, forms, 583; What is Drama, 722 723; Elements of drama, 724 725; Drama, 737, 773; What is storytelling?, 902 903; Characteristics of the Oral Tradition, 904 905; also see: Plot, 6, 9, 15, 178, 202, 217, 222, 223, 224, 225, 229, 232, 235, 236, 238, 240, 241, 242, 243, 245, 386, R18; Conflict, 309, 312, 315, 317, 319, 323, 325, 330, 333; Setting, 6, 99, 103, 105, 109, 111, 118, 121, 125, 178, 202, 215, 386; Character, 160, 175, 202, 203, 206, 207, 249, 253, 257, 261, 262, 265, 267, 277, 386, 722, 724, 726, 818, 823, 831, 837, 839, 840, 845, 847, 849, 850, 852, 857, 866, 1007; Characterization, direct/indirect, 160, 175, 202, 206, 207, 724; Characters' traits/motives, 160, 202, 249, 257, 277, 818, 823, 837, 839, 840, 845, 847, 849, 850, 852, 857; Hero, 904, 905 SE/TE: Plot, 6, 9, 15, 178, 202, 217, 222, 223, 224, 225, 229, 232, 235, 236, 238, 240, 241, 242, 243, 245, 386, R18; Conflict, 309, 312, 315, 317, 319, 323, 325, 330, 333; Setting, 6, 99, 103, 105, 109, 111, 118, 121, 125, 178, 202, 215, 386; Character, 160, 175, 202, 203, 206, 207, 249, 253, 257, 261, 262, 265, 267, 277, 386, 722, 724, 726, 818, 823, 831, 837, 839, 840, 845, 847, 849, 850, 852, 857, 866, 1007; Characterization, direct/indirect, 160, 175, 202, 206, 207, 724; Characters' traits/motives, 160, 202, 249, 257, 277, 818, 823, 837, 839, 840, 845, 847, 849, 850, 852, 857; Hero, 904, 905; also see: Author s purpose, 99, 129, 411, 412, 419 SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Review of a Short Story, 302 307; Writing to Compare Literature, 47, 91, 175, 301, 383, 423, 547, 639, 697, 877, 981, 1039; Writing About the Big Question, 24, 32, 50, 60, 79, 100, 112, 130, 138, 218, 226, 250, 258, 289, 310, 320, 338, 344, 371, 422, 430, 442, 450, 469, 492, 498, 508, 516, 537, 584, 592, 602, 610, 629, 648, 656, 666, 674, 693, 738, 774, 819, 832, 867, 914, 922, 936, 944, 967, 990, 998, 1008, 1016, 1035 3
Develop criteria to evaluate literary merit and explain critical opinions about a text, either informally in conversation or formally in a well-organized speech or essay SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Review of a Short Story, 302 307; Writing to Compare Literature, 47, 91, 175, 301, 383, 423, 547, 639, 697, 877, 981, 1039 A.8.3 Read and discuss literary and nonliterary texts in order to understand human experience. Provide interpretive responses, orally and in writing, to literary and nonliterary texts representing the diversity of American cultural heritage and cultures of the world Identify common historical, social, and cultural themes and issues in literary works and selected passages Draw on a broad base of knowledge about the themes, ideas, and insights found in classical literature while reading, interpreting, and reflecting on contemporary texts Evaluate the themes and main ideas of a work considering its audience and purpose SE/TE: Applying the Big Question: Talk About It & Write About It, 185, 393, 557, 707, 887, 1051; Listening and Speaking: Dramatic reading, 47; Poetry reading, 663, 707; Rhythmic presentation, 707; Story, 707, 1005; also see: Review of a Short Story, 302 307; Writing to Compare Literature, 47, 91, 175, 301, 383, 423, 547, 639, 697, 877, 981, 1039 SE/TE: Theme, 202, 214, 215, 337, 341, 343, 351, 357, 359, 904, 911, 1034; Comparing Literary Works: Universal themes, 966, 970, 971, 975, 976, 978, 980, 981; also see: Response to Big Questions: What is the best way to find the truth?, 185; Does every conflict have a winner?, 393; What should we learn?, 556; What is the best way to communicate?, 707; Do others see us more clearly than we see ourselves?, 887; Community or individual which is more important?, 1051 SE/TE: Comparing Literary Works: Universal themes, 966, 970, 971, 975, 976, 978, 980, 981 SE/TE: Main idea and key points, P6, 421, 426, 429, 433, 436, 437, 441, 447, 448, 449, 454, 457, 460; Theme, 202, 214, 215, 337, 341, 343, 351, 357, 359, 904, 911, 1034; Comparing Literary Works: Universal themes, 966, 970, 971, 975, 976, 978, 980, 981; also see: Author's purpose, 99, 129, 411, 412, 419 A.8.4 Read to acquire information. Interpret and use technical resources such as charts, tables, travel schedules, timelines, and manuals SE/TE: Informational Texts: Atlas and public document, 72 77; Website and government publication, 364 369; Web page and textbook article, 462 467; Instructional manual and sign, 530 535; Technical directions and product warranty, 622 627 4
Compare, contrast, and evaluate the relative accuracy and usefulness of information from different sources Identify and explain information, main ideas, and organization found in a variety of informational passages Distinguish between the facts found in documents, narratives, charts, maps, tables and other sources and the generalizations and interpretations that are drawn from them SE/TE: Informational Texts: Analyze structure and purpose, 154 159; understand text structure and purpose, 282 287; connecting ideas to make generalizations, 364 369; analyzing author s argument, 462 467; structure and purpose, 530 535; identify author s perspective, 812 817; identify bias and stereotyping, 862 865; analyze point of view, 1028 1033 SE/TE: Main idea and key points, P6, 421, 426, 429, 433, 436, 437, 441, 447, 448, 449, 454, 457, 460; Details, supporting main point, 421, 429, 433, 437, 441, 686; also see: Informational Texts: Locate types of information, 77; Analyze structure and purpose, 154 159; understand text structure and purpose, 282 287; connecting ideas to make generalizations, 364 369; analyzing author s argument, 462 467; structure and purpose, 530 535; technical directions, 622 627; main idea, 686 691; identify author s perspective, 812 817; identify bias and stereotyping, 862 865; analyze cause and effect organization960 965; analyze point of view, 1028 1033 SE/TE: Persuasive techniques, 495, 497, 503; Classifying fact and opinion, 507, 511, 515, 519, 522, 525; also see: Informational Texts: analyzing author s argument, 462 467, identify author s perspective, 812 817, identify bias and stereotyping, 862 865, analyze point of view, 1028 1033 5
Content Standard English Language Arts Standard B (Writing) Content Standard: Students in Wisconsin will write clearly and effectively to share information and knowledge, to influence and persuade, to create and entertain. Rationale Written communication skills are central to learning. Whether in academic life, in the workplace, or in personal life, they offer a powerful advantage in a world in which people must constantly learn new information. To become confident and effective writers, students need to learn how to write for various purposes and audiences. They need to try different approaches and to reconsider what they have written through revision and editing. To ensure that their writing is understood and wellreceived, students need a working knowledge of language as well as grammatical structures, diction and usage, punctuation, spelling, layout, and presentation. This knowledge is also invaluable for discussing, critiquing, revising, and editing written communication in almost any form. English Language Arts -Standard B- Performance Standards Grade 8 By the end of grade eight, students will: B.8.1 Create or produce writing to communicate with different audiences for a variety of purposes. Write a coherent and complete expository piece, with sufficient detail to fulfill its purpose, sufficient evidence to support its assertions, language appropriate for its intended audience, and organization achieved through clear coordination and subordination of ideas Write a persuasive piece (such as a letter to a specific person or a script promoting a particular product) that includes a clear position, a discernible tone, and a coherent argument with reliable evidence Write a narrative based on experience that uses descriptive language and detail effectively, presents a sequence of events, and reveals a theme Write clear and pertinent responses to verbal or visual material that communicate, explain, and interpret the reading or viewing experience to a specific audience SE/TE: Writing Workshops: Descriptive Essay, 92 97; Autobiographical Narrative, 176 183; Review of a Short Story, 302 307; Short Story, 384 391; How to Essay, 484 489; Comparison and Contrast, 548 555; Problem and Solution, 640 645; Persuasive Essay, 698 705; Multimedia Report, 824 829; Cause and Effect Essay, 878 885; Business Letter, 982 987; Research Report, 1040 1049 SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Persuasive Essay, 698 705; Writing: Persuasive Letter, 505; Letter to the Editor, 361; Listening and Speaking: Public Service Announcement, 505; Timed Writing: Editorial, 1033 SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Autobiographical Narrative, 176 183; Short Story, 384 391; Writing: Journal Entry, 279; Anecdote, 335; Analogy, 439; Tribute, 809; Listening and Speaking: Dramatic Monologue, 809 SE/TE: Writing: Review, 1025, Screenplay summary, 859; also see: Writing Workshop: Review of a Short Story, 302 307 6
Write creative fiction that includes major and minor characters, a coherent plot, effective imagery, descriptive language, and concrete detail Write in a variety of situations (during an exam, in a computer lab) and adapt strategies, such as revision, technology, and the use of reference materials, to the situation Use a variety of writing technologies including pen and paper as well as computers Write for a variety of readers, including peers, teachers, and other adults, adapting content, style, and structure to audience and situation SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Autobiographical Narrative, 176 183; Short Story, 384 391 SE/TE: Timed Writing, 77, 159, 287, 369, 467, 535, 627, 691, 817, 885, 965, 1033; also see: Writing Workshop: How to Essay, 484 489; Problem and Solution, 640 645; Multimedia Report, 824 829; Business Letter, 982 987; Research Report, 1040 1049; Directions, 369; Evaluation, 865; Explanation, 535, 627, 965; Writing Letters (formatting), R26 R27; 21 st Century Skills, R28 R33; Citing Sources and Preparing Manuscripts, R34 R35 SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Publishing, 97, 183, 307, 391, 489, 555, 645, 705, 829, 885, 987, 1049; also see: Research and Technology: Brochure, 179; Writing Letters (formatting), R26 R27; 21 st Century Skills, R28 R33; Citing Sources and Preparing Manuscripts, R34 R35 SE/TE: Writing Workshops, 92 97, 176 183, 302 307, 384 391, 484 489, 548 555, 640 645, 698 705, 824 829, 878 885, 982 987, 1040 1049; also see: Writing activities and opportunities, 47, 69, 127, 151, 152, 153, 159, 185, 191, 195, 247, 279, 280, 281, 287, 335, 361, 362, 363, 369, 383, 393, 399, 439, 459, 460, 461, 483, 505, 527, 528, 529, 535, 547, 557, 563, 567, 599, 619, 620. 621, 627, 639, 663, 683, 684, 685, 691, 697, 713, 771, 809, 810, 811, 817, 859, 860, 861, 865, 877, 893, 897, 933, 957, 958, 959, 965, 981, 1005, 1025, 1026, 1027, 1033, 1039, 1051, 1057 B.8.2 Plan, revise, edit, and publish clear and effective writing. Produce multiple drafts, including finished pieces, that demonstrate the capacity to generate, focus, and organize ideas and to revise the language, organization, content, and tone of successive drafts in order to fulfill a specific purpose for communicating with a specific audience Identify questions and strategies for improving drafts in writing conferences with a teacher SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Drafting, 94, 178, 304, 386, 486, 550, 642, 700, 826, 880, 984, 1042; Revising, 94, 180, 304, 388, 486, 552, 642, 702, 826, 882, 984, 1044 SE/TE: Revising, 94, 180, 304, 388, 486, 552, 642, 702, 826, 882, 984, 1044; also see: Peer review, use, 180, 383, 552, 642, 702, 882, 1044 7
Given a writing assignment to be completed in a limited amount of time, produce a well developed, well organized, and effective response in correct English and an appropriate voice SE/TE: Timed Writing, 77, 159, 287, 369, 467, 535, 627, 691, 817, 885, 965, 1033 B.8.3 Understand the function of various forms, structures, and punctuation marks of standard American English and use them appropriately in communications. Understand the function of words, phrases, and clauses in a sentence and use them effectively, including coordinate and subordinate conjunctions, relative pronouns, and comparative adjectives Use correct tenses to indicate the relative order of events Understand and employ principles of agreement, including subject-verb, pronounnoun, and preposition-pronoun Punctuate compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences correctly SE/TE: Sentence, 643, 682, 703, 858, 883; also see: Revising: Sentences, 487, 552, 643, 702, 1044; Handbook, R40 R41 SE/TE: Verbs, tense, 278, 305, 882, R41, R42 SE/TE: Pronoun-antecedent agreement, 181, R42; Subject-verb agreement, 883 SE/TE: Writer s Workshop: Editing and Proofreading, 183, 307, 391, 705; Writer s Toolbox: Revising Incorrect Use of Commas, 985; Grammar: Sentence Functions and Endmarks, 858; Punctuation Marks, 932; Commas, 956; Handbook, R43; also see: Punctuation, 809 Employ the conventions of capitalization SE/TE: Grammar: Capitalization, 1004; Common and Proper Nouns, 46; Handbook, R43 Spell frequently used words correctly and use effective strategies for spelling unfamiliar words SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Editing and Proofreading, 97, 307, 489, 645, 885, 987; Revising for Correct Spelling, 95 8
Content Standard English Language Arts Standard C (Oral Language) Content Standard: Students in Wisconsin will listen to understand and will speak clearly and effectively for diverse purposes. Rationale The spoken word, essential to our individual and social development, remains a central means of communication. Whether in informal interactions or more formal settings, speakers are required to communicate clearly in a manner that befits the occasion. Listening is the most used and least understood of all communication skills. We spend approximately 45 percent of all communication time and as much as 57 percent of school instruction time listening. The ability to listen and to follow instructions is highly prized in the workplace. English Language Arts, Standard C: Oral Language Performance Standards - Grade 8 By the end of grade eight, students will: C.8.1 Orally communicate information, opinions, and ideas effectively to different audiences for a variety of purposes. Share brief impromptu remarks about topics of interest to oneself and others Speaking from notes or an outline, relate an experience in descriptive detail, with a sense of timing and decorum appropriate to the occasion Perform expressive oral readings of prose, poetry, and drama SE/TE: Debate, 247, 933, 1051; also see: Critical Thinking: Discuss, 30, 44, 110, 124, 136, 148, 224, 244, 256, 276, 332, 428, 456, 660, 856, 920, 930, 996, 1002; Publishing and Presenting: Be a Talk-Show Guest, 645 SE/TE: Communications Workshop: Delivering Narrative Presentation, 188; Delivering an Oral Summary, 396; Research Presentation, 1054; Debate, 247, 933, 1051; Speech, 707; Persuasive presentation, 560, 887, 957 SE/TE: Listening and Speaking: Dramatic reading, 47; Poetry reading, 663, 707; Rhythmic presentation, 707; Story, 707, 1005; Dramatic monologue, 809; also see: Communications Workshop: Delivering Narrative Presentation, 188 Prepare and conduct interviews SE/TE: Communications Workshop: Conducting an Interview, 890; also see: Listening and Speaking: Interview, 151, 557 Present a coherent, comprehensive report on differing viewpoints on an issue, evaluating the content of the material presented, and organizing the presentation in a manner appropriate to the audience SE/TE: Communications Workshop: Delivering Narrative Presentation, 188; Delivering an Oral Summary, 396; Research Presentation, 1054; Debate, 247, 933, 1051; Speech, 707; Persuasive presentation, 560, 887, 957 9
Differentiate between formal and informal contexts and employ an appropriate style of speaking, adjusting language, gestures, rate, and volume according to audience and purpose Observe the appropriate etiquette when expressing thanks and receiving praise SE/TE: Communications Workshop: Delivering Narrative Presentation, 188; Delivering an Oral Summary, 396; Research Presentation, 1054; Debate, 247, 933, 1051; Speech, 707; Persuasive presentation, 560, 887, 957; Interview, 151, 557, 890; Dramatic reading, 47; Poetry reading, 663, 707 SE/TE: For related activities see: Interview, 151, 557, 890; Dramatic reading, 47; Poetry reading, 663, 707; Rhythmic presentation, 707; Story, 707, 1005; Dramatic monologue, 809; also see: Communications Workshop: Delivering Narrative Presentation, 188 C.8.2 Listen to and comprehend oral communications. Summarize and explain the information conveyed in an oral communication, accounting for the key ideas, structure, and relationship of parts to the whole Distinguish among purposes for listening, such as gaining information or being entertained, and take notes as appropriate Recall significant details and sequence accurately Follow a speaker's argument and represent it in notes Evaluate the reliability of information in a communication, using criteria based on prior knowledge of the speaker, the topic, and the context and on analysis of logic, evidence, propaganda devices, and language Media and Advertisements, 710; also see: Listening and Speaking: Debate, 247, 933, 1051 SE/TE: Communications Workshop: Delivering Narrative Presentation, 188; Delivering an Oral Summary, 396; Evaluating a Persuasive Presentation, 560; Evaluating Media and Advertisements, 710; Conducting an Interview, 890; Research Presentation, 1054; also see: Listening and Speaking: Debate, 247, 933, 1051 Media and Advertisements, 710; also see: Listening and Speaking: Debate, 247, 933, 1051 Media and Advertisements, 710; also see: Listening and Speaking: Debate, 247, 933, 1051 Media and Advertisements, 710; also see: Listening and Speaking: Debate, 247, 933, 1051 10
C.8.3 Participate effectively in discussion. Participate in discussion by listening attentively, demonstrating respect for the opinions of others, and responding responsibly and courteously to the remarks of others Explain and advance opinions by citing evidence and referring to sources Evaluate the stated ideas and opinions of others, seeking clarification through questions Invite ideas and opinions of others into the discussion, responding clearly and tactfully to questions and comments Media and Advertisements, 710; Conducting an Interview, 890; Evaluating Media Messages, 792; also see: Listening and Speaking: Discussion, 127; Debate, 247, 933, 1051; Interview, 151, 557; Critical Thinking: Discuss, 30, 44, 110, 124, 136, 148, 224, 244, 256, 276, 332, 428, 456, 660, 856, 920, 930, 996, 1002 SE/TE: Listening and Speaking: Discussion, 127; Debate, 247, 933, 1051; Interview, 151, 557, 890; also see: Critical Thinking: Discuss, 30, 44, 110, 124, 136, 148, 224, 244, 256, 276, 332, 428, 456, 660, 856, 920, 930, 996, 1002 Media and Advertisements, 710; Conducting an Interview, 890; Evaluating Media Messages, 792; also see: Listening and Speaking: Discussion, 127; Debate, 247, 933, 1051; Interview, 151, 557; Critical Thinking: Discuss, 30, 44, 110, 124, 136, 148, 224, 244, 256, 276, 332, 428, 456, 660, 856, 920, 930, 996, 1002 SE/TE: Listening and Speaking: Discussion, 127; Debate, 247, 933, 1051; Interview, 151, 557, 890; also see: Critical Thinking: Discuss, 30, 44, 110, 124, 136, 148, 224, 244, 256, 276, 332, 428, 456, 660, 856, 920, 930, 996, 1002 Accept and use helpful criticism Media and Advertisements, 710; also see: Peer review, use, 180, 383, 552, 702, 882, 1044 Establish and maintain an open mind when listening to others' ideas and opinions Media and Advertisements, 710; Conducting an Interview, 890; Evaluating Media Messages, 792; also see: Listening and Speaking: Discussion, 127; Debate, 247, 933, 1051; Interview, 151, 557; Critical Thinking: Discuss, 30, 44, 110, 124, 136, 148, 224, 244, 256, 276, 332, 428, 456, 660, 856, 920, 930, 996, 1002 11
Summarize the main points of a discussion, orally and in writing, specifying areas of agreement and disagreement and paraphrasing contributions Display and maintain facial expressions, body language, and other response cues that indicate respect for the speaker and attention to the discussion Attend to the content of discussion rather than the speaker Participate in discussion without dominating Distinguish between supported and unsupported statements SE/TE: Listening and Speaking: Discussion, 127; Debate, 247, 933, 1051; Interview, 151, 557, 890; also see: Critical Thinking: Discuss, 30, 44, 110, 124, 136, 148, 224, 244, 256, 276, 332, 428, 456, 660, 856, 920, 930, 996, 1002 a Persuasive Presentation, 560; Conducting an Interview, 890; also see: Listening and Speaking: Discussion, 127; Debate, 247, 933, 1051; Interview, 151, 557, 890 SE/TE: Listening and Speaking: Discussion, 127; Debate, 247, 933, 1051; Interview, 151, 557, 890; also see: Critical Thinking: Discuss, 30, 44, 110, 124, 136, 148, 224, 244, 256, 276, 332, 428, 456, 660, 856, 920, 930, 996, 1002 SE/TE: Listening and Speaking: Discussion, 127; Debate, 247, 933, 1051; Interview, 151, 557, 890; also see: Critical Thinking: Discuss, 30, 44, 110, 124, 136, 148, 224, 244, 256, 276, 332, 428, 456, 660, 856, 920, 930, 996, 1002 Media and Advertisements, 710; Conducting an Interview, 890; Evaluating Media Messages, 792; also see: Listening and Speaking: Discussion, 127; Debate, 247, 933, 1051; Interview, 151, 557; Critical Thinking: Discuss, 30, 44, 110, 124, 136, 148, 224, 244, 256, 276, 332, 428, 456, 660, 856, 920, 930, 996, 1002 12
Content Standard English Language Arts Standard D (Language) Content Standard: Students in Wisconsin will apply their knowledge of the nature, grammar, and variations of American English. Rationale The essential basis of English language arts is language. Language exists in many variations, and the ability to use it well is frequently a source of power, respect, and financial success. However, if students are unaware of how language works, they may be unable to use it effectively. English Language Arts, Standard D: Language Performance Standards - Grade 8 By the end of grade eight, students will: D.8.1 Develop their vocabulary and ability to use words, phrases, idioms, and various grammatical structures as a means of improving communication. Consult dictionaries, thesauruses, handbooks, and grammar texts when choosing words, phrases, and expressions for use in oral and written presentations Explain how writers and speakers choose words and use figurative language such as similes, metaphors, personification, hyperbole, and allusion to achieve specific effects Choose words purposefully and evaluate the use of words in communications designed to inform, explain, and persuade D.8.2 Recognize and interpret various uses and adaptations of language in social, cultural, regional, and professional situations, and learn to be flexible and responsive in their use of English. SE/TE: Vocabulary Workshop: Dictionary, Thesaurus, 186 187; Word Origins, 394 395; Word with Multiple Meanings, 558 559; Connotation / Denotation, 708 709; Borrowed and Foreign Words, 888 889; Glossary, R1 R6 SE/TE: Diction and word choice, 507, 512, 515, 522, 524, 525; also see: Figurative language, 574, 601, 607, 609, 613, 615, 617; Personification, poetry, 578, 581; Comparing Literary Works: Imagery, 692, 695, 697; Vocabulary Workshop Figurative Language, 1052 1053; Sound devices, 647 SE/TE: Word choice, review, 93, 303; Word choice, 700, 957; Revising: Word choice, 94, 527, 1025; Writer's Toolbox: Word Choice, 303, 553; Diction and word choice, 507, 512, 515, 522, 524, 525; Figurative language, 574, 601, 607, 609, 613, 615, 617; Personification, poetry, 578, 581; Comparing Literary Works: Imagery, 692, 695, 697; Vocabulary Workshop Figurative Language, 1052 1053; Sound devices, 647 SE/TE: Diction and word choice, 507, 512, 515, 522, 524, 525; Dialect, 203, 1003, R14; Tone, 8, 1034, R20; also see: Informational Texts: identify bias and stereotyping, 862 865, analyze point of view, 1028 1033 13
Describe how American English is used in various public and private contexts, such as school, home, and work Make appropriate choices when speaking and writing, such as formal or informal language, considering the purpose and context of the communication Evaluate how audience and context affect the selection and use of words and phrases, including technical terms, slang, and jargon SE/TE: Diction and word choice, 507, 512, 515, 522, 524, 525; Dialect, 203, 1003, R14; Tone, 8, 1034, R20; also see: Informational Texts: identify bias and stereotyping, 862 865, analyze point of view, 1028 1033 SE/TE: Word choice, review, 93, 303; Word choice, 700, 957; Revising: Word choice, 94, 527, 1025; Writer's Toolbox: Word Choice, 303, 553 SE/TE: Word choice, review, 93, 303; Word choice, 700, 957; Revising: Word choice, 94, 527, 1025; Writer's Toolbox: Word Choice, 303, 553; Diction and word choice, 507, 512, 515, 522, 524, 525 Content Standard English Language Arts Standard E (Media and Technology) Content Standard: Students in Wisconsin will use media and technology critically and creatively to obtain, organize, prepare and share information; to influence and persuade; and to entertain and be entertained. Rationale In a technological world in which thought is increasingly dominated by media, such as newspapers, magazines, radio, television, movies, computer software, and electronic networks, students need to understand the impact of media on daily life. To use media effectively students must be able to evaluate information and match the information with the appropriate medium for a specific audience. In order to do this, they must recognize how communication changes from one medium to another. English Language Arts, Standard E: Media & Technology Performance Standards - Grade 8 By the end of grade eight, students will: E.8.1 Use computers to acquire, organize, analyze, and communicate information. Demonstrate efficient word-processing skills SE/TE: Word-processing program, use, 599, 683, 859; Research and Technology: Help- Wanted Ad, 527; Writing: Poem, 599, 683; Writing Workshop: Editing and Proofreading, 1049; Use a Spell Checker, 489; Focus on Presentation Copies, 829; TE only: Using Technology in Writing, 95, 178, 487, 643, 881, 1043 Construct and use simple databases SE/TE: For related activities see: Blog posts, R28; Website, 364 369; Internet, use, 824, 879, 982, 1041 14
Use manuals and on-screen help in connection with computer applications Perform basic computer operations on various platforms Collect information from various on-line sources, such as web pages, news groups, and listservs SE/TE: For related activities see: Website, 364 369; Internet, use, 824, 879, 982, 1041 SE/TE: Using computer software, 1085; also see: Website, 364 369; Internet, use, 824, 879, 982, 1041 SE/TE: Website, 364 369; Internet, use, 824, 879, 982, 1041 E.8.2 Make informed judgments about media and products. Recognize common structural features found in print and broadcast advertising Identify and explain the use of stereotypes and biases evident in various media Compare the effect of particular symbols and images seen in various media Develop criteria for selecting or avoiding specific broadcast programs and periodicals SE/TE: Informational Texts: Evaluating a Persuasive Presentation, 560; Evaluating Media and Advertisements, 710 Media and Advertisements, 710 SE/TE: Evaluating a Persuasive Presentation, 560; Evaluating Media and Advertisements, 710 SE/TE: Evaluating a Persuasive Presentation, 560; Evaluating Media and Advertisements, 710 E.8.3 Create media products appropriate to audience and purpose. Write informational articles that target audiences of a variety of publications Use desktop publishing to produce products such as brochures and newsletters designed for particular organizations and audiences Create video and audiotapes designed for particular audiences SE/TE: Writing Workshops: Review of a Short Story, 302 307; How to Essay, 484 489; Problem and Solution, 640 645; Multimedia Report, 824 829; Research and Technology: Ad, help-wanted, 5; Scientific explanation, 619; Writing: Editorial, 1033; Explanation, 535, 627, 965; Journal entry, 279; News report, 127 SE/TE: Writer s Workshop: Multimedia Report, 824 829; Publishing, 97; Editing and Proofreading, 489; Research and Technology: Biographical Report, 69, Help-Wanted Ad, 527; Writing: Lyric Poem, Concrete Poem, or Haiku, 599; Poem, 683; Scientific Explanation, 619 SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Multimedia Report, 824 829; Communications Workshop: Research Presentation, 1054; also see: Listening and Speaking: Television News Report, 1025; Public Service Announcement, 505; Multimedia elements, R32 15
E.8.4 Demonstrate a working knowledge of media production and distribution. Plan a promotion or campaign that involves broadcast and print media production and distribution Analyze how messages may be affected by financial factors such as sponsorship Identify advertising strategies and techniques aimed at teenagers SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Multimedia Report, 824 829; Communications Workshop: Research Presentation, 1054; also see: Listening and Speaking: Television News Report, 1025; Public Service Announcement, 505; Multimedia elements, R32 SE/TE: For related activities: Communications Workshop: Evaluating Media and Advertisements, 710 SE/TE: For related activities: Evaluating Media and Advertisements, 710 E.8.5 Analyze and edit media work as appropriate to audience and purpose. Revise media productions by adding, deleting, and adjusting the sequence and arrangement of information, images, or other content as necessary to improve focus, clarity, or effect Develop criteria for comprehensive feedback on the quality of media work and use it during production SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Multimedia Report, 824 829; Communications Workshop: Research Presentation, 1054; also see: Listening and Speaking: Television News Report, 1025; Public Service Announcement, 505; Multimedia elements, R32 Media and Advertisements, 710 16
Content Standard English Language Arts Standard F (Research and Inquiry) Content Standard: Students in Wisconsin will locate, use, and communicate information from a variety of print and nonprint materials. Rationale Students acquire a wide range of abilities and tools for raising questions, investigating ideas, and solving problems. Research involves posing interesting and important questions, using multiple sources of information, analyzing and relating facts and concepts, and arriving at conclusions or new understandings (adapted from the national Standards for the English Language Arts). English Language Arts, Standard F: Research & Inquiry Performance Standards - Grade 8 By the end of grade eight, students will: F.8.1 Conduct research and inquiry on self-selected or assigned topics, issues, or problems and use an appropriate form to communicate their findings. Formulate research questions and focus investigation on relevant and accessible sources of information Use multiple sources to identify and locate information pertinent to research including encyclopedias, almanacs, dictionaries, library catalogs, indexes to periodicals, and various electronic search engines Conduct interviews, field studies, and experiments and use specialized resources (such as almanacs, fact books, pamphlets, and technical manuals) when appropriate to an investigation SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Multimedia Report, 824 829; Research Report, 1040 1049; Research and Technology: Annotated Bibliography, 21, Biographical Report, 69, Outline, 279, Poster, 361, Scientific Explanation, 619, Survey, 683, Costume Plans, 771; Research Presentation, 1054; Communications Workshop: Delivering an Oral Summary, 396; Research Presentation, 1054 SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Multimedia Report, 824 829; Research Report, 1040 1049; Research and Technology: Annotated Bibliography, 21, Biographical Report, 69, Outline, 279, Poster, 361, Scientific Explanation, 619, Survey, 683, Costume Plans, 771; Research Presentation, 1054; Communications Workshop: Delivering an Oral Summary, 396; Research Presentation, 1054; Informational Materials: website and government publication 364 369; magazine article and educational song, 686 691 SE/TE: Interview, 151, 557, 890; also see: Writing Workshop: Research Report, 1040 1049; Multimedia Report, 824 829;; Bibliography, 1041, 1048, 1049; Annotated Bibliography on Peck, 21; Citing Sources, R34 R35; Bibliography, 1048; Annotated Bibliography on Peck, 21; Informational Materials: website and government publication, 364 369; magazine article and educational song, 686 691 17
Compile, organize, and evaluate information, taking notes that record and summarize what has been learned and extending the investigation to other sources Review and evaluate the usefulness of information gathered in an investigation Produce an organized written and oral report that presents and reflects on findings, draws sound conclusions, adheres to the conventions for preparing a manuscript, and gives proper credit to sources SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Research Report, 1040 1049; Multimedia Report, 824 829; Bibliography, 1041, 1048, 1049; Annotated Bibliography on Peck, 21; Citing Sources, R34 R35; Bibliography, 1048; Annotated Bibliography on Peck, 21; Informational Materials: website and government publication, 364 369; magazine article and educational song, 686 691 SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Research Report, 1040 1049; Multimedia Report, 824 829; Bibliography, 1041, 1048, 1049; Annotated Bibliography on Peck, 21; Citing Sources, R34 R35; Bibliography, 1048; Annotated Bibliography on Peck, 21 SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Multimedia Report, 824 829; Research Report, 1040 1049; Research and Technology: Annotated Bibliography, 21, Biographical Report, 69, Outline, 279, Poster, 361, Scientific Explanation, 619, Survey, 683, Costume Plans, 771; Research Presentation, 1054; Communications Workshop: Delivering an Oral Summary, 396; Research Presentation, 1054 18