No additional indicators at this grade level. No additional indicators at this grade level. No additional indicators at this grade level. 1. Read developmentally appropriate materials at an independent level with accuracy and speed. STANDARD 3.1 (READING) ALL STUDENTS WILL UNDERSTAND AND APPLY THE KNOWLEDGE OF SOUNDS, LETTERS, AND WORDS IN WRITTEN ENGLISH TO BECOME INDEPENDENT AND FLUENT READERS, AND WILL READ A VARIETY OF MATERIALS AND TEXTS WITH FLUENCY AND COMPREHENSION. Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 12, students will: A. Concepts About Print/Text B. Phonological Awareness C. Decoding and Word Recognition D. Fluency SE/TE: Keeping Track of Your Reading and Writing, 4; Reading Skills: methods and tools for, 833 839, in nonfiction, 840 845, in literary writing, 846 849, sources for, 850 851, test questions for, 852 853, 878 879; also see: Model from Literature, 50 51, 72 73, 96 97, 120 123, 148, 168 171, 196 197, 220 221, 268 271, 300 303; Please note: The Online Essay Scorer provides interactive model essays. TE: Customize For AP Students: read memoir and share with class, 169; Customize For Less Advanced Students: read summary, 853 2. Use appropriate rhythm, flow, meter, and pronunciation when reading. SE/TE: Read Each Sentence Aloud, 109; Reading Aloud: 564, 846; also see: Peer review, 21, 62, 85, 108, 135, 156, 184, 207, 232, 256, 285, 315; Speaking Skills: planning a speech, preparing note cards for, preparing outlines for, providing main idea and details, rhetorical strategies, 789, evaluating, 790 1
TE: Customize For Less Advanced Students: read aloud, cause-and-effect, 211; Oral Presentation, problem and solution, 227, deliver essay as speech, 260; Activate Prior Knowledge, oral narrative, pronouns, 364; Intonation, 693 3. Read a variety of genres and types of text with fluency and comprehension. SE/TE: Keeping Track of Your Reading and Writing, 4; Reading Skills: methods and tools for, 833 839, in nonfiction, 840 891, in literary writing, 846 849, sources for, 850 851; also see: Model from Literature, 50 51, 72 73, 96 97, 120 123, 148, 168 171, 196 197, 220 221, 268 271, 300 303; Please note: The Online Essay Scorer provides interactive model essays. E. Reading Strategies (before, during, and after reading) 1. Identify, assess, and apply personal reading strategies that were most effective in previous learning from a variety of texts. TE: Customize For AP Students: read memoir and share with class, 169; Customize For Less Advanced Students: read summary, 853 SE/TE: Reading Writing Connections: autobiographical writing, 50 51, short story, 74 75, description, 98 99, persuasive essay, 120 123, advertisement, 148, comparison and contrast, 168 171, cause and effect essays, 196 197, problem and solution essays, 220 221, documented essays, 244, research papers, 268 271, response to literature, 300 303; also see: Reading Methods and Tools, 833 839; Reading Nonfiction Critically, 840 891; Reading Skills: Using Reading Strategies, 835 836, Outlining What You Read, 837, Using Graphic Organizers, 838 839, in nonfiction, 840 891, in literary writing, 846 849 2
2. Practice visualizing techniques before, during, and after reading to aid in comprehension. SE/TE: Action, Envisioning the, 848; Engage Your Senses, 849 3. Judge the most effective graphic organizers to use with various text types for memory retention and monitoring comprehension. F. Vocabulary and Concept Development 1. Use knowledge of word origins and word relationships, as well as historical and literary context clues, to determine the meanings of specialized vocabulary. SE/TE: Reading Skills: Using Graphic Organizers, 838 839; also see: Outlining What You Read, 837 SE/TE: Developing Your Vocabulary, 809; Recognizing Context Clues, 810; Denotation and Connotation, 811; Recognizing Related Words, 812; Using Related Words in Analogies, 813; Studying Words Systematically, 814 815; Studying Word Parts and Origins, 816 819; also see: Using Dictionaries, 864 867 TE: Integrating Vocabulary Skills: context clues, dictionary, 51; Customize For AP Students: food words from Mexico, 188; Customize For Verbal/Linguistic Learners, word origins, research, 271 TR: Teaching Resources: Vocabulary and Spelling Practice Book; Academic and Workplace Skills Activity Book; Reading Support Practice Book; Formal 3
2. Use knowledge of root words to understand new SE/TE: Studying Word Parts and Origins, 816 819 words. 3. Apply reading vocabulary in different content areas. G. Comprehension Skills and Response to Text 1. Identify, describe, evaluate, and synthesize the central ideas in informational texts. TR: Teaching Resources: Vocabulary and Spelling Practice Book; Academic and Workplace Skills Activity Book; Reading Support Practice Book; Formal SE/TE: Reading Textbooks, 833; Textbook Features, 834; also see: Developing Your Vocabulary, 809; Evaluating Word Choice Language Use, 844 891; Using Specialized Dictionaries, 868 TR: Teaching Resources: Vocabulary and Spelling Practice Book; Academic and Workplace Skills Activity Book; Reading Support Practice Book; Formal SE/TE: Constructing Meaning from Informational Texts, 878 879; also see: Reading Writing Connections: identifying main points, 50, 51, main ideas, 268, 271; Reading Skills: Use the SQ4R Method, 836; Outlining What You Read, 837; Analyze Comparison-and-Contrast Structure, 839; Reading Nonfiction Critically, 840 891 4
2. Understand the study of literature and theories of literary criticism. 3. Understand that our literary heritage is marked by distinct literary movements and is part of a global literary tradition. SE/TE: Reading Literary Writing/Literary Criticism, 846; Reading Fiction, 847; Reading Drama, 848; Reading Poetry, 849; also see: Response to Literature, 298 299, 300 303, 304 308, 309 310, 311 315, 316, 317 320 SE/TE: Model from Literature, 50 51, 72 73, 96 97, 120 123, 148, 168 171, 196 197, 220 221, 268 271, 300 303; Reading Literary Writing/Literary Criticism, 846; Reading Fiction, 847; Reading Drama, 848; Reading Poetry, 849; also see: Spotlight on the Humanities : meaning communicated in the arts, 8, 114, ideas represented in various cultures, 24, cultural history through the arts, 44, composer's influence on art and popular culture, 92, culture represented in the arts, 142, 262, meaning conveyed through design and texture, 214, 356, ideas represented in various art forms, 238, relationships represented in various media, 294, relationships among various arts, 322, ideas represented in various media, 340; Please note: The Online Essay Scorer provides interactive model essays. TE: More About the Writer, 3, 5, 6, 19, 33, 40, 49, 51, 73, 75, 97, 119, 121, 127, 147, 167, 169, 195, 197, 203, 219, 221, 243, 245, 252, 267, 269, 301, 311, 327, 345, 369, 377, 385, 417, 439, 449, 459, 479, 529, 576, 585, 597, 609, 622, 682, 710, 730, 744 5
4. Compare and evaluate the relationship between past literary traditions and contemporary writing. SE/TE: Spotlight on the Humanities : meaning communicated in the arts, 8, 114, ideas represented in various cultures, 24, cultural history through the arts, 44, composer's influence on art and popular culture, 92, culture represented in the arts, 142, 262, meaning conveyed through design and texture, 214, 356, ideas represented in various art forms, 238, relationships represented in various media, 294, relationships among various arts, 322, ideas represented in various media, 340; also see: Model from Literature, 50 51, 72 73, 96 97, 120 123, 148, 168 171, 196 197, 220 221, 268 271, 300 303; Reading Literary Writing/Literary Criticism, 846; Reading Fiction, 847; Reading Drama, 848; Reading Poetry, 849; Please note: The Online Essay Scorer provides interactive model essays. TE: More About the Writer, 3, 5, 6, 19, 33, 40, 49, 51, 73, 75, 97, 119, 121, 127, 147, 167, 169, 195, 197, 203, 219, 221, 243, 245, 252, 267, 269, 301, 311, 327, 345, 369, 377, 385, 417, 439, 449, 459, 479, 529, 576, 585, 597, 609, 622, 682, 710, 730, 744 5. Analyze how works of a given period reflect historical and social events and conditions. SE/TE: Spotlight on the Humanities : meaning communicated in the arts, 8, 114, ideas represented in various cultures, 24, cultural history through the arts, 44, composer's influence on art and popular culture, 92, culture represented in the arts, 142, 262, meaning conveyed through design and texture, 214, 356, ideas represented in various art forms, 238, relationships represented in various media, 294, relationships among various arts, 322, ideas represented in various media, 340; also see: Model from Literature, 50 51, 72 73, 96 97, 120 123, 148, 168 171, 196 197, 220 221, 268 271, 300 303; Please note: The Online Essay Scorer provides interactive model essays. 6
6. Recognize literary concepts, such as rhetorical device, logical fallacy, and jargon, and their effect on meaning. 7. Interpret how literary devices affect reading emotions and understanding. 8. Analyze and evaluate the appropriateness of diction and figurative language (e.g., irony, paradox). TE: More About the Writer, 3, 5, 6, 19, 33, 40, 49, 51, 73, 75, 97, 119, 121, 127, 147, 167, 169, 195, 197, 203, 219, 221, 243, 245, 252, 267, 269, 301, 311, 327, 345, 369, 377, 385, 417, 439, 449, 459, 479, 529, 576, 585, 597, 609, 622, 682, 710, 730, 744 SE/TE: Applying Modes of Reasoning, 842 843; Evaluating Word Choice Language Use, 844 891; also see: Reading Literary Writing/Literary Criticism, 846; Reading Fiction, 847; Reading Drama, 848; Reading Poetry, 849 SE/TE: Reading Literary Writing/Literary Criticism, 846; Reading Fiction, 847; Reading Drama, 848; Reading Poetry, 849; also see: Short Story: Prewriting, 73 79, Drafting, 80 81, Revising, 82 85 SE/TE: Diction, 42; Figurative Language, 105 7
9. Distinguish between essential and nonessential information, identifying the use of proper references and propaganda techniques where present. SE/TE: Media and Technology Skills: tracking media stories, 191, finding and evaluating sources on line, 263; Viewing Information Media Critically, 797 798; Reading Skills: Analyzing and Evaluating Nonfiction, 840; Applying Modes of Reasoning, 842 843; Evaluating Web Sites, 871; Constructing Meaning from Informational Texts, 878 879; also see: Evaluate word choice in advertising, 148 10. Differentiate between fact and opinion by using complete and accurate information, coherent arguments, and points of view. SE/TE: Distinguishing opinions from, 120, 123, 798, 841; also see: Media and Technology Skills: evaluating images in magazines, 115, tracking media stories, 191, identifying special effects on the TV news, 215, evaluating movie reviews, 323; Reading Skills: Analyzing and Evaluating Nonfiction, 840; Applying Modes of Reasoning, 842 843; Evaluating Web Sites, 871 11. Analyze how an author s use of words creates SE/TE: Tone, 42; Figurative Language, 105; tone and mood, and how choice of words advances Envision Images, 849 the theme or purpose of the work. 8
12. Demonstrate familiarity with everyday texts such as job and college applications, W-2 forms, and contracts. 13. Read, comprehend, and be able to follow information gained from technical and instructional manuals (e.g., how-to books, computer manuals, or instructional manuals). H. Inquiry and Research 1. Select appropriate electronic media for research and evaluate the quality of the information received. SE/TE: Workplace Writing: Forms and Applications, 352 353; also see: Connected Assignments: Ad Campaign, 160, Consumer Report, 189, Statistical Report, 261 SE/TE: Manuals, User, 239; also see: Connected Assignments: Consumer Report, 189, Statistical Report, 261 SE/TE: Media and Technology Skills: using a variety of technologies, 9, tracking the stories, 191, getting "help" on line, 239, finding and evaluating sources on line, 263; Internet: as news source, 191, search engines, 200, finding and evaluating sources on line, 263, to access library resources, 276, locating appropriate Web sites, 870, finding and evaluating information on, 871; Internet Research Handbook, 933 935; also see: Electronic and Media References: electronic texts, 851, electronic catalogs, 859, electronic dictionaries, 865, electronic databases, 869 9
2. Develop materials for a portfolio that reflect a specific career choice. 3. Develop increased ability to critically select works to support a research topic. SE/TE: Building Your Portfolio, 5, 64, 87, 110, 137, 158, 186, 209, 234, 246, 258, 288, 317, 335; Media and Technology Skills: building electronic portfolios, 25 SE/TE: Research Documented Essay, 242 243, 244 245, 246 249, 250 251, 252 256, 257, 258 260; Research Paper, 266 267, 268 271, 272 277, 278 280, 281 285, 286 287, 288 291; Reading From Varied Sources, 850 851; Reference Skills, 858 871; Standardized Test Preparation Workshop: reading informational texts, 878 879; also see: Media and Technology Skills: using a variety of technologies, 9, tracking the stories, 191, getting "help" on line, 239, finding and evaluating sources on line, 263; Internet: as news source, 191, search engines, 200, finding and evaluating sources on line, 263, to access library resources, 276, locating appropriate Web sites, 870, finding and evaluating information on, 871; Internet Research Handbook, 933 935 10
4. Read and critically analyze a variety of works, including books and other print materials (e.g., periodicals, journals, manuals), about one issue or topic, or books by a single author or in one genre, and produce evidence of reading. SE/TE: Media and Technology Skills: tracking the stories, 191, finding and evaluating sources on line, 263; Internet: as news source, 191, finding and evaluating sources on line, 263, finding and evaluating information on, 871; Internet Research Handbook, 933 935; also see: Reading From Varied Sources, 850 851; Reference Skills, 858 871; Standardized Test Preparation Workshop: reading informational texts, 878 879 5. Apply information gained from several sources or books on a single topic or by a single author to foster an argument, draw conclusions, or advance a position. SE/TE: Persuasive Essay (Gathering Evidence), 128, 129 130, 131 132; Research Documented Essay, 242 243, 244 245, 246 249, 250 251, 252 256, 257, 258 260; Research Paper, 266 267, 268 271, 272 277, 278 280, 281 285, 286 287, 288 291; also see: Media and Technology Skills: tracking the stories, 191, finding and evaluating sources on line, 263; Internet: as news source, 191, finding and evaluating sources on line, 263, finding and evaluating information on, 871; Reading From Varied Sources, 850 851; Internet Research Handbook, 933 935 11
6. Critique the validity and logic of arguments advanced in public documents, their appeal to various audiences, and the extent to which they anticipate and address reader concerns. 1. Engage in the full writing process by writing daily and for sustained amounts of time. SE/TE: Reading Writing Connections: distinguishing fact from opinion, 120, 123, quoting reliable sources, 244, 245; Connected Assignments: Ad Campaign, 160, Consumer Report, 189, Statistical Report, 261; also see: : Media and Technology Skills: evaluating images in magazines, 115, tracking media stories, 191, identifying special effects on the TV news, 215, evaluating movie reviews, 323; Persuasion: Advertisement, 148; Internet: as news source, 191, finding and evaluating sources on line, 263, finding and evaluating information on, 871; Analyzing and Evaluating Nonfiction, 840; Applying Modes of Reasoning, 842 843; Evaluating Word Choice Language Use, 844 891; Evaluating Web Sites, 871 STANDARD 3.2 (WRITING) ALL STUDENTS WILL WRITE IN CLEAR, CONCISE, ORGANIZED LANGUAGE THAT VARIES IN CONTENT AND FORM FOR DIFFERENT AUDIENCES AND PURPOSES. Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 12, students will: A. Writing as a Process (prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, postwriting) SE/TE: The Writer in You: Writing in Everyday Life, 2, Why Write & Developing Your Writing Life, 3 6, Work with Others, 6; Reflecting On Your Writing, 7, 64, 87, 110, 137, 158, 186, 209, 234, 258, 288, 317, 335 12
2. Use strategies such as graphic organizers and outlines to plan and write drafts according to the intended message, audience, and purpose for writing. SE/TE: A Walk Through the Writing Process: graphic organizers and planning strategies, 14 17; Autobiographical Writing, 52 55, 56 57; Short Story, 76 79, 80 81; Description, 100 103, 104; Persuasive Essay, 124 128, 129 130; Persuasion Advertisement, 149 152, 153; Comparison-and Contrast Essay, 172 176, 177 178; Cause-and- Effect Essay, 198 201, 202 203; Problem and Solution Essay, 222 225, 226 227; Research Documented Essay, 246 249, 250 251; Research Paper, 272 277, 278 280; Response to Literature, 304 308, 309 310 3. Analyze and revise writing to improve style, focus and organization, coherence, clarity of thought, sophisticated word choice and sentence variety, and subtlety of meaning. SE/TE: Revising, 19, 58 62, 82 85, 105 108, 131 135, 154 156, 179 184, 204 207, 228 232, 252 256, 281 285, 311 315, 332 333 4. Review and edit work for spelling, usage, clarity, and fluency. SE/TE: Editing and Proofreading : A Walk Through the Writing Process, 22, Autobiographical Writing, 63, Short Story, 86, Description, 109, Persuasive Essay, 136, Persuasion Advertisement, 157, Comparison-and Contrast Essay, 185, Cause-and- Effect Essay, 208, Problem and Solution Essay, 233, Research Documented Essay, 257, Research Paper, 287, Response to Literature, 316; Grammar in Your Writing : three cases of personal pronouns, 61; action vs. linking verbs, 85; combining sentences, 107; 13
(Continued) conventions for providing practical information, 133; six tenses of verbs, 182; using gerunds to combine sentences, 206; using infinitives to combine sentences, 230; prepositional phrases, 255; active and passive voice, 283; splices, 313; also see: Standardized Test Preparation Workshops: revising and editing, 296 297; analyzing mechanical errors, 342 343; Hands on Grammar: parts of speech flip book, 398, subjects and predicates, 418, sentence revision cube, 451, clip on sentence combiner, 485, the perfect booklet, 546, pronoun case triangle, 569, cutting out vague pronoun references, 611, adjective and adverb window shutters, 634, stripping out double negatives, 646, capitalization rules reference, 685, contractions slide, 762; also see: Standardized Test Preparation Workshops: revising and editing, 296 297; analyzing mechanical errors, 342 343; Please note: The Online Essay Scorer provides writing and grammar tips. TR: Teaching Resources: Grammar Exercise Workbook; Extra Grammar and Writing Exercises; Daily Language Practice; Daily Language Practice Transparencies; Formal 5. Use the computer and word-processing software to compose, revise, edit, and publish a piece. SE/TE: Media and Technology Skills: using a variety of technologies, 9, building an electronic portfolio, 25, evaluating a word processing program, 357; Word Processors: fonts, point sizes, and design styles, 154; Workplace Skills and Competencies: applying computer skills, 891 14
6. Use a scoring rubric to evaluate and improve own writing and the writing of others. SE/TE: Rubric for Self-/Reflecting on Your Writing, 64, 87, 110, 137, 158, 186, 209, 234, 258, 288, 317, 335; Please note: The Online Essay Scorer provides scoring rubrics for writing. 7. Reflect on own writing and establish goals for growth and improvement. B. Writing as a Product (resulting in a formal product or publication) 1. Analyzing characteristics, structures, tone, and features of language of selected genres and apply this knowledge to own writing. SE/TE: The Writer in You: Writing in Everyday Life, 2, Why Write & Developing Your Writing Life, 3 6, Work with Others, 6; Reflecting On Your Writing, 7, 64, 87, 110, 137, 158, 186, 209, 234, 258, 288, 317, 335 SE/TE: Model from Literature, 50 51, 72 73, 96 97, 120 123, 148, 168 171, 196 197, 220 221, 268 271, 300 303; also see: Reading Skills: methods and tools for, 833 839, in nonfiction, 840 891, in literary writing, 846 849, sources for, 850 851, test questions for, 852 853, 878 879; Please note: The Online Essay Scorer provides interactive model essays. 15
2. Critique published works for authenticity and credibility. SE/TE: Reading Skills: Analyzing and Evaluating Nonfiction, 840; Distinguishing facts from opinions, 120, 123, 798, 841; Applying Modes of Reasoning, 842 843; Evaluating Web Sites, 871; Constructing Meaning from Informational Texts, 878 879; also see: Media and Technology Skills: evaluating images in magazines, 115, finding and evaluating sources on line, 263, evaluating movie reviews, 323; Advertisement: Evaluate word choice in advertising, 148; Response to Literature, 298 299, 300 303, 304 308, 309 310, 311 315, 316, 317 320; Viewing Information Media Critically, 797 798 3. Draft a thesis statement and support/defend it through highly developed ideas and content, organization, and paragraph development. SE/TE: Thesis Statement, in paragraphs, 37, as part of a composition, 39, developing, 129, and elaboration, 130, writing a, 250, proposing, 278, backing up with support, 331, also see: Main Ideas: 33 34, 268, 271; Introduction: as part of a composition, 39, and framing your description, 105, planning a structure, 330, checking against conclusion, 332 16
4. Write multi-paragraph, complex pieces across the curriculum using a variety of strategies to develop a central idea (e.g., cause-effect, problem/solution, hypothesis/results, rhetorical questions, parallelism). SE/TE: Autobiographical Writing, 48 49, 50 51, 52 55, 56 57, 58 62, 63, 64 66; Short Story, 72 73, 74 75, 76 79, 80 81, 82 85, 86, 87 90; Description, 96 97, 98 99, 100 103, 104, 105 108, 109, 110 112; Persuasive Essay, 118 119, 120 123, 124 128, 129 130, 131 135, 136, 137 139; Persuasion Advertisement, 146 147, 148, 149 152, 153, 154 156, 157, 158 159; Comparison-and Contrast Essay, 166 167, 168 171, 172 176, 177 178, 179 184, 185, 186 188; Cause-and-Effect Essay, 194 195, 196 197, 198 201, 202 203, 204 207, 208, 209 212; Problem and Solution Essay, 218 219, 220 221, 222 225, 226 227, 228 232, 233, 234 236; Research Documented Essay, 242 243, 244 245, 246 249, 250 251, 252 256, 257, 258 260; Research Paper, 266 267, 268 271, 272 277, 278 280, 281 285, 286 287, 288 291; Response to Literature, 298 299, 300 303, 304 308, 309 310, 311 315, 316, 317 320; Writing for, 326 327, 328 329, 330 331, 332 333, 334, 335 337; Please note: The Online Essay Scorer provides instant essay scoring and analytical feedback. 5. Write a range of essays and expository pieces across the curriculum, such as persuasive, analytic, critique, or position paper. SE/TE: Persuasive Essay, 118 119, 120 123, 124 128, 129 130, 131 135, 136, 137 139; Comparison-and Contrast Essay, 166 167, 168 171, 172 176, 177 178, 179 184, 185, 186 188; Cause-and-Effect Essay, 194 195, 196 197, 198 201, 202 203, 204 207, 208, 209 212; Problem and Solution Essay, 218 219, 220 221, 222 225, 226 227, 228 232, 233, 234 236; Research Documented Essay, 242 243, 244 245, 246 249, 250 251, 252 256, 257, 258 260; Research Paper, 266 267, 268 271, 272 277, 278 280, 281 285, 286 287, 288 291; 17
6. Write a literary research paper that synthesizes and cites data using researched information and technology to support writing. (Continued) Response to Literature, 298 299, 300 303, 304 308, 309 310, 311 315, 316, 317 320; Writing for, 326 327, 328 329, 330 331, 332 333, 334, 335 337; Please note: The Online Essay Scorer provides instant essay scoring and analytical feedback. SE/TE: Research Documented Essay, 242 243, 244 245, 246 249, 250 251, 252 256, 257, 258 260; Research Paper, 266 267, 268 271, 272 277, 278 280, 281 285, 286 287, 288 291; Response to Literature, 298 299, 300 303, 304 308, 309 310, 311 315, 316, 317 320; Please note: The Online Essay Scorer provides instant essay scoring and analytical feedback. 7. Use primary and secondary sources to provide evidence, justification, or to extend a position, and cite sources, such as periodicals, interviews, discourse, and electronic media. SE/TE: Research Documented Essay, 242 243, 244 245, 246 249, 250 251, 252 256, 257, 258 260; Research Paper, 266 267, 268 271, 272 277, 278 280, 281 285, 286 287, 288 291; Reading From Varied Sources, 850 851; Reference Skills, 858 871; Standardized Test Preparation Workshop: reading informational texts, 878 879; also see: Persuasive Essay (Gathering Evidence), 128, 129 130, 131 132; Media and Technology Skills: tracking the stories, 191, finding and evaluating sources on line, 263; Internet: as news source, 191, 18
(Continued) finding and evaluating sources on line, 263, finding and evaluating information on, 871; Reading From Varied Sources, 850 851; Internet Research Handbook, 933 935 8. Foresee readers needs and develop interest SE/TE: Audiences: profile of your, 16, keeping through strategies such as using precise language, their experiences in mind, 55, purpose in writing, specific details, definitions, descriptions, examples, 78, surveying your, 128, identifying words to anecdotes, analogies, and humor as well as define for, 284, developing an audience profile, anticipating and countering concerns and 307, analyzing your, 127, 225, 275, identifying, arguments and advancing a position. 78, 102, 151, 175, 200, 248 9. Provide compelling openings and strong closure to written pieces. SE/TE: : Introduction, as part of a composition, 39, and framing your description, 105, planning a structure, 330, checking against conclusion, 332; also see: Drafting, 18, 56 57, 80 81, 104, 129 130, 153, 177 178, 202 203, 226 227, 250 251, 278 280, 309 310, 330 331 19
10. Employ relevant graphics to support a central idea (e.g., charts, graphic organizers, pictures, computer-generated presentation). 11. Use the responses of others to review content, organization, and usage for publication. SE/TE: Representing Skills: Creating Graphic Organizers, 800 801, Using Formatting, 802, Creating a Video, 804; also see: Media and Technology Skills: building an electronic,portfolio, 25, video slide show, 69, creating a video advertisement, 163; Persuasion Advertisement, 146 147, 148, 149 152, 153, 154 156, 157, 158 159 TE: Publishing and Presenting, adding visuals, 67, 91, 143, 212; Integrating Representing Skills, relate an event with object or visual, 70; Integrating Viewing and Representing Skills, visuals for cause and effect relationship, 214 SE/TE: Peer review, 6, 21, 62, 85, 108, 135, 156, 184, 207, 232, 256, 285, 315 12. Select pieces of writing from a literacy folder for a presentation portfolio that reflects performance in a variety of genres. SE/TE: Building Your Portfolio, 5, 25, 64, 87, 110, 137, 158, 186, 209, 234, 246, 258, 288, 317, 335; Media and Technology Skills: building electronic portfolios, 25, video slide show, 69 20
C. Mechanics, Spelling, and Handwriting 1. Use Standard English conventions in all writing, such as sentence structure, grammar and usage, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling. SE/TE: Editing and Proofreading : A Walk Through the Writing Process, 22, Autobiographical Writing, 63, Short Story, 86, Description, 109, Persuasive Essay, 136, Persuasion Advertisement, 157, Comparison-and Contrast Essay, 185, Cause-and- Effect Essay, 208, Problem and Solution Essay, 233, Research Documented Essay, 257, Research Paper, 287, Response to Literature, 316; Grammar in Your Writing : three cases of personal pronouns, 61; action vs. linking verbs, 85; combining sentences, 107; conventions for providing practical information, 133; six tenses of verbs, 182; using gerunds to combine sentences, 206; using infinitives to combine sentences, 230; prepositional phrases, 255; active and passive voice, 283; splices, 313; also see: Standardized Test Preparation Workshops : revising and editing, 296 297; analyzing mechanical errors, 342 343; Hands on Grammar: parts of speech flip book, 398, subjects and predicates, 418, sentence revision cube, 451, clip on sentence combiner, 485, the perfect booklet, 546, pronoun case triangle, 569, cutting out vague pronoun references, 611, adjective and adverb window shutters, 634, stripping out double negatives, 646, capitalization rules reference, 685, contractions slide, 762; also see: New SAT/ACT Prep: Grammar, 856 870; Please note: The Online Essay Scorer provides writing and grammar tips. TR: Teaching Resources: Grammar Exercise Workbook; Extra Grammar and Writing Exercises; Daily Language Practice; Daily Language Practice Transparencies; Formal 2. Demonstrate a well-developed knowledge of English syntax to express ideas in a lively and effective personal style. SE/TE: Structure and Style, 28; Sentence Combining, 29 32; Writing Effective Paragraphs, 33 41; Writing Style, 42 43; Revising, 19, 58 62, 82 85, 105 108, 131 135, 154 156, 179 184, 204 207, 228 232, 252 256, 281 285, 311 315, 332 333 21
TR: Teaching Resources: Grammar Exercise Workbook; Extra Grammar and Writing Exercises; Daily Language Practice; Daily Language Practice Transparencies; Formal 3. Use subordination, coordination, apposition, and other devices effectively to indicate relationships between ideas. SE/TE: Subordinate Clauses, 109, 454:, sentence fragments, 233, sentence combining, 482, verbs in, 539 542, Subordinate Verbs, 540, determining case, 574; Conjunctions, 390 393:, subordinating, 109, as part of speech, 397, commas before, 696, diagramming 773 774; Conjunctive Adverbs, 392, semicolons, 717, Appositives, 436, 437 441:, nominative pronouns with, 564, objective pronouns with, 567, colons, 720, nonessential, 743, diagramming, 777; also see: Writing Effective Paragraphs, 33 36; Paragraphs in Essays and other Compositions, 37 41; Paragraph Blocks, 226; Paragraphs, Revision Strategies for: color coding to evaluate coherence, 20, adding dialogue, 59, 83, to evaluate paragraph unity, 106, looking for logic, 132, using parallel structure, 155, to evaluate transitions, 180, to identify transitions, 205, strengthening content by taking the opposing view, 229, to evaluate links to quoted material, 253, transition boxes, 282, bracketing to identify passive voice, 283, personalizing your response, 312, checking introduction against conclusion, 332 TR: Teaching Resources: Grammar Exercise Workbook; Extra Grammar and Writing Exercises; Daily Language Practice; Daily Language Practice Transparencies; Formal 4. Use transition words to reinforce a logical progression of ideas. SE/TE: Transitions: using, 133, color coding to evaluate, 180, polishing, 253, showing connections, 205; Transition Boxes, 282 22
TE: Ongoing : organization and transitions, 38; Teaching from the Final Draft: transition words, 212; Semicolons with Conjunctive Adverbs and Transitional Expressions, 717 TR: Teaching Resources: Grammar Exercise Workbook; Extra Grammar and Writing Exercises; Daily Language Practice; Daily Language Practice Transparencies; Formal 5. Exclude extraneous details, repetitious ideas, and inconsistencies to improve writing. SE/TE: Revising Paragraphs: evaluate coherence, 20; evaluate paragraph unity, 106; looking for logic, 132; bracketing to identify passive voice, 283; Revising Overall Structure: focusing your description, 105; color coding sentences that address your purpose, 179; circling unfamiliar terms, 204; bracketing to track coherence, 281; identifying contradictory information, 311; comparing question with answer, 332 TR: Teaching Resources: Grammar Exercise Workbook; Extra Grammar and Writing Exercises; Daily Language Practice; Daily Language Practice Transparencies; Formal 6. Use knowledge of Standard English conventions to edit own writing and the writing of others for correctness. SE/TE: Editing and Proofreading : A Walk Through the Writing Process, 22, Autobiographical Writing, 63, Short Story, 86, Description, 109, Persuasive Essay, 136, Persuasion Advertisement, 157, Comparison-and Contrast Essay, 185, Cause-and- Effect Essay, 208, Problem and Solution Essay, 233, Research Documented Essay, 257, Research Paper, 287, Response to Literature, 316; Grammar in Your Writing : three cases of personal pronouns, 61; action vs. linking verbs, 85; combining sentences, 107; conventions for providing practical information, 133; 23
(Continued) six tenses of verbs, 182; using gerunds to combine sentences, 206; using infinitives to combine sentences, 230; prepositional phrases, 255; active and passive voice, 283; splices, 313; also see: Standardized Test Preparation Workshops: revising and editing, 296 297; analyzing mechanical errors, 342 343; Hands on Grammar: parts of speech flip book, 398, subjects and predicates, 418, sentence revision cube, 451, clip on sentence combiner, 485, the perfect booklet, 546, pronoun case triangle, 569, cutting out vague pronoun references, 611, adjective and adverb window shutters, 634, stripping out double negatives, 646, capitalization rules reference, 685, contractions slide, 762; also see: New SAT/ACT Prep: Grammar, 856 870; Please note: The Online Essay Scorer provides writing and grammar tips. TR: Teaching Resources: Grammar Exercise Workbook; Extra Grammar and Writing Exercises; Daily Language Practice; Daily Language Practice Transparencies; Formal 7. Use a variety of reference materials, such as a dictionary, grammar reference, and/or internet/software resources to edit written work. SE/TE: Thesaurus, 134, 341, 809: as research tool, 21, finding colorful synonyms, 62, finding the most precise words, 183, in word processing programs, 357; Dictionaries, 809, 864 867; also see: Media and Technology Skills: finding and evaluating sources on line, 263; Workplace Skills and Competencies: applying computer skills, 891 TR: Teaching Resources: Grammar Exercise Workbook; Extra Grammar and Writing Exercises; Daily Language Practice; Daily Language Practice Transparencies; Formal 24
8. Write legibly in manuscript or cursive to meet district standards. SE/TE: Manuscript, Preparing, for handwritten work, 926 TR: Teaching Resources: Grammar Exercise Workbook; Extra Grammar and Writing Exercises; Daily Language Practice; Daily Language Practice Transparencies; Formal D. Writing Forms, Audiences, and Purposes (exploring a variety of forms) 1. Employ the most effective writing formats and strategies for the purpose and audience. 2. Demonstrate command of a variety of writing genres, such as: SE/TE: Audiences: profile of your, 16, keeping their experiences in mind, 55, purpose in writing, 78, surveying your, 128, identifying words to define for, 284, developing an audience profile, 307, analyzing your, 127, 225, 275, identifying, 78, 102, 151, 175, 200, 248 Persuasive essay SE/TE: Persuasive Essay, 118 119, 120 123, 124 128, 129 130, 131 135, 136, 137 139; Connected Assignment: Editorial, 140, Ad Campaign, 160, Movie Review, 321; also see: Persuasion Advertisement, 146 147, 148, 149 152, 153, 154 156, 157, 158 159; Problem and Solution Essay, 218 219, 220 221, 222 225, 226 227, 228 232, 233, 234 236; Please note: The Online Essay Scorer provides instant essay scoring and analytical feedback. 25
Personal narrative SE/TE: Autobiographical Writing, 48 49, 50 51, 52 55, 56 57, 58 62, 63, 64 66; Short Story, 72 73, 74 75, 76 79, 80 81, 82 85, 86, 87 90; Description, 96 97, 98 99, 100 103, 104, 105 108, 109, 110 112; also see: Connected Assignment: Firsthand Biography, 67; Please note: The Online Essay Scorer provides instant essay scoring and analytical feedback. Research report SE/TE: Research Documented Essay, 242 243, 244 245, 246 249, 250 251, 252 256, 257, 258 260; Research Paper, 266 267, 268 271, 272 277, 278 280, 281 285, 286 287, 288 291; also see: Connected Assignment: Documentary, 213; Please note: The Online Essay Scorer provides instant essay scoring and analytical feedback. Literary research paper SE/TE: Response to Literature, 298 299, 300 303, 304 308, 309 310, 311 315, 316, 317 320; also see: Research Documented Essay, 242 243, 244 245, 246 249, 250 251, 252 256, 257, 258 260; Research Paper, 266 267, 268 271, 272 277, 278 280, 281 285, 286 287, 288 291; Please note: The Online Essay Scorer provides instant essay scoring and analytical feedback. 26
Descriptive essay SE/TE: Description, 96 97, 98 99, 100 103, 104, 105 108, 109, 110 112; Please note: The Online Essay Scorer provides instant essay scoring and analytical feedback. Critique SE/TE: Response to Literature, 298 299, 300 303, 304 308, 309 310, 311 315, 316, 317 320; also see: Persuasive Essay, 118 119, 120 123, 124 128, 129 130, 131 135, 136, 137 139; Movie Review, 321; Reading Literary Writing/Literary Criticism, 846; Reading Fiction, 847; Reading Drama, 848; Reading Poetry, 849; Please note: The Online Essay Scorer provides instant essay scoring and analytical feedback. Response to literature SE/TE: Response to Literature, 298 299, 300 303, 304 308, 309 310, 311 315, 316, 317 320; Please note: The Online Essay Scorer provides instant essay scoring and analytical feedback. 27
Parody of a particular narrative style (fable, myth, short story) Poetry 3. Evaluate the impact of an author s decisions regarding tone, word choice, style, content, point of view, literary elements, and literary merit, and produce an interpretation of overall effectiveness. Opportunities to address this standard may be found on the following pages: SE/TE: Short Story, 72 73, 74 75, 76 79, 80 81, 82 85, 86, 87 90; also see: Connected Assignment : Drama, 91, Poem, 113 SE/TE: Connected Assignment: Poem, 113; also see: Reading Poetry, 849 SE/TE: Response to Literature, 298 299, 300 303, 304 308, 309 310, 311 315, 316, 317 320; also see: Persuasive Essay, 118 119, 120 123, 124 128, 129 130, 131 135, 136, 137 139; Movie Review, 321; Reading Literary Writing/Literary Criticism, 846; Reading Fiction, 847; Reading Drama, 848; Reading Poetry, 849 28
4. Apply all copyright laws to information used in written work. 5. When writing, employ structures to support the reader, such as transition words, chronology, hierarchy or sequence, and forms, such as headings and subtitles. SE/TE: Providing Internal Documentation, 257; Source Cards, 277; Variety of Sources, 280; Creating a Reference List, 286 287; Reference Skills, 858 871; Citing Sources and Preparing Manuscript, 926 932; also see: Internet Research Handbook, 933 937 SE/TE: Shaping Your Writing: focusing on the form, 18, organizing to develop pacing, 56, building toward a climax, 80, planning an organization, 104, developing a thesis statement, 129, creating a slogan, 152, organizing to show comparison and contrast, 177, choosing an organization, 202, organizing in paragraph blocks, 226, organizing to suit your topic, 250, proposing a thesis statement, 278, organizing to support a response, 309, finding a focus, 330 6. Compile and synthesize information for everyday and workplace purposes, such as job applications, resumes, business letters, and college applications. SE/TE: Workplace Writing: Business Letter, 346 347, Memo, 348 349, Forms and Applications, 352 353; also see: Connected Assignments: Consumer Report, 189, Statistical Report, 261, E-mail, 355 29
7. Demonstrate personal style and voice effectively to support the purpose and engage the audience of a piece of writing. SE/TE: Audiences: profile of your, 16, keeping their experiences in mind, 55, purpose in writing, 78, surveying your, 128, identifying words to define for, 284, developing an audience profile, 307, analyzing your, 127, 225, 275, identifying, 78, 102, 151, 175, 200, 248; also see: Structure and Style, 28; Sentence Combining, 29 32; Writing Effective Paragraphs, 33 41; Writing Style, 42 43; Revising, 19, 58 62, 82 85, 105 108, 131 135, 154 156, 179 184, 204 207, 228 232, 252 256, 281 285, 311 315, 332 333; Please note: The Online Essay Scorer provides instant essay scoring and analytical feedback. 8. Select pieces of writing from a literacy folder for a presentation portfolio that reflects performance in a variety of genres. SE/TE: Building Your Portfolio, 5, 25, 64, 87, 110, 137, 158, 186, 209, 234, 246, 258, 288, 317, 335; Media and Technology Skills: building electronic portfolios, 25 30
1. Support a position integrating multiple perspectives. 2. Support, modify, or refute a position in small or large-group discussions. STANDARD 3.3 (SPEAKING) ALL STUDENTS WILL SPEAK IN CLEAR, CONCISE, ORGANIZED LANGUAGE THAT VARIES IN CONTENT AND FORM FOR DIFFERENT AUDIENCES AND PURPOSES. Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 12, students will: A. Discussion SE/TE: Speaking Skills: Speaking in a Group Discussion, 787, Speaking in Public, 788 790; Listening Critically, 791 793; Workplace Skills: Working With Others, 881 882, Learning Teamwork, 883 884; also see: Peer review, 21, 62, 85, 108, 135, 156, 184, 207, 232, 256, 285, 315; Reflecting on Your Speaking, Listening, Viewing, and Representing, 805 SE/TE: Discussions : Group, 787, 809; Speaking Skills: Listening Critically, 791 793; Workplace Skills: Working With Others, 881 882; also see: Peer review, 21, 62, 85, 108, 135, 156, 184, 207, 232, 256, 285, 315; Reflecting on Your Speaking, Listening, Viewing, and Representing, 805 3. Assume leadership roles in student-directed discussions, projects, and forums. SE/TE: Workplace Skills: Conducting Meetings and Group Discussions, 883 884; also see: Speaking Skills: Speaking in a Group Discussion, 787, Speaking in Public, 788 790 31
4. Summarize and evaluate tentative conclusions and take the initiative in moving discussions to the next stage. SE/TE: Discussions : Group, 787, 809; Speaking Skills: Listening Critically, 791 793; Workplace Skills: Working With Others, 881 882; also see: Solving Problems and Thinking Creatively, 887 B. Questioning (Inquiry) and Contributing 1. Ask prepared and follow-up questions in interviews and other discussions. SE/TE: Interviews, 88: conducting, 128, 249, to gather more information, 225, as sources of information, 276, reading transcripts of, 850, interview process, 881; Speaking Skills: Speaking in a Group Discussion, 787, Speaking in Public, 788 790; Listening Critically, 791 793; Workplace Skills: Working With Others, 881 882, Learning Teamwork, 883 884; also see: Peer review, 21, 62, 85, 108, 135, 156, 184, 207, 232, 256, 285, 315; Reflecting on Your Speaking, Listening, Viewing, and Representing, 805 2. Extend peer contributions by elaboration and illustration. SE/TE: Peer review, 21, 62, 85, 108, 135, 156, 184, 207, 232, 256, 285, 315; also see: Discussions: Group, 787, 809; Speaking Skills: Listening Critically, 791 793; Workplace Skills: Working With Others, 881 882 32
3. Analyze, evaluate, and modify group processes. SE/TE: Workplace Skills: Learning Teamwork, 883 884; also see: Peer review, 21, 62, 85, 108, 135, 156, 184, 207, 232, 256, 285, 315; Speaking Skills: Speaking in a Group Discussion, 787, Speaking in Public, 788 790 4. Select and discuss literary passages that reveal character, develop theme, and illustrate literary elements. 5. Question critically the position or viewpoint of an author. 6. Respond to audience questions by providing clarification, illustration, definition, and elaboration. Opportunities to address this standard may be found on the following pages: SE/TE: Peer review, 21, 62, 85, 108, 135, 156, 184, 207, 232, 256, 285, 315 Opportunities to address this standard may be found on the following pages: SE/TE: Peer review, 21, 62, 85, 108, 135, 156, 184, 207, 232, 256, 285, 315 SE/TE: Speaking Skills: Speaking in Public, 788 790; Listening Critically, 791 793; Workplace Skills: Working With Others, 881 882, Learning Teamwork, 883 884; also see: Peer review, 21, 62, 85, 108, 135, 156, 184, 207, 232, 256, 285, 315; Reflecting on Your Speaking, Listening, Viewing, and Representing, 805 33
7. Participate actively in panel discussions, symposiums, and/or business meeting formats (e.g., explore a question and consider perspectives). C. Word Choice 1. Modulate tone and clarify thoughts through word choice. 2. Improve word choice by focusing on rhetorical devices (e.g., puns, parallelism, allusion, alliteration). SE/TE: Workplace Skills: Working With Others, 881 882, Learning Teamwork, 883 884; also see: Speaking Skills: Speaking in a Group Discussion, 787, Speaking in Public, 788 790; Listening Critically, 791 793 SE/TE: Speaking Skills: Use Rhetorical Strategies & Use Verbal Strategies, 789, Improving Your Own Presentations and Performances, 790; Representing Skills: Performing or Interpreting, 805 TR: Teaching Resources: Vocabulary and Spelling Practice Book; Academic and Workplace Skills Activity Book; Reading Support Practice Book; Formal SE/TE: Speaking Skills: Use Rhetorical Strategies & Use Verbal Strategies, 789, Improving Your Own Presentations and Performances, 790; Representing Skills: Performing or Interpreting, 805; also see: Revision Strategies for Word Choice, 21, 62, 84, 108, 134, 156, 183, 207, 231, 256, 284, 314, 333 TR: Teaching Resources: Vocabulary and Spelling Practice Book; Academic and Workplace Skills Activity Book; Reading Support Practice Book; Formal 34
D. Oral Presentation 1. Speak for a variety of purposes (e.g., persuasion, information, entertainment, literary interpretation, dramatization, personal expression). 2. Use a variety of organizational strategies (e.g., focusing idea, attention getters, clinchers, repetition, transition words). SE/TE: Speaking Skills: Speaking in a Group Discussion, 787, Speaking in Public, 788 790; Listening Critically, 791 793; Workplace Skills: Working With Others, 881 882, Learning Teamwork, 883 884; also see: Peer review, 21, 62, 85, 108, 135, 156, 184, 207, 232, 256, 285, 315; Reflecting on Your Speaking, Listening, Viewing, and Representing, 805 SE/TE: Speaking Skills: Speaking in Public, 788 790; Representing Skills: Performing or Interpreting, 805; Workplace Skills: Conducting Meetings and Group Discussions, 883 884 3. Demonstrate effective delivery strategies (e.g., eye contact, body language, volume, intonation, articulation) when speaking. SE/TE: Speaking Skills: Use Rhetorical Strategies & Use Verbal Strategies, 789, Improving Your Own Presentations and Performances, 790; Representing Skills: Performing or Interpreting, 805 35
4. Edit drafts of speeches independently and in peer discussions. 5. Modify oral communications through sensing audience confusion, and make impromptu revisions in oral presentation (e.g., summarizing, restating, adding illustrations/details). 6. Use a rubric to self-assess and improve oral presentations. SE/TE: Speaking Skills: Speaking in Public, 788, Preparing and Presenting a Speech, 789 790; Representing Skills: Performing or Interpreting, 805; Workplace Skills: Conducting Meetings and Group Discussions, 883 884; also see: Peer review, 21, 62, 85, 108, 135, 156, 184, 207, 232, 256, 285, 315 Opportunities to address this standard may be found on the following pages: SE/TE: Interviews, 88: conducting, 128, 249, to gather more information, 225, as sources of information, 276, reading transcripts of, 850, interview process, 881; Speaking Skills: Speaking in a Group Discussion, 787, Speaking in Public, 788 790; Listening Critically, 791 793; Workplace Skills: Working With Others, 881 882, Learning Teamwork, 883 884; also see: Peer review, 21, 62, 85, 108, 135, 156, 184, 207, 232, 256, 285, 315 SE/TE: Evaluating a Speech, 790 36
STANDARD 3.4 (LISTENING) ALL STUDENTS WILL LISTEN ACTIVELY TO INFORMATION FROM A VARIETY OF SOURCES IN A VARIETY OF SITUATIONS. Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 12, students will: A. Active Listening 1. Explore and reflect on ideas while hearing and focusing attentively. SE/TE: Interviews, 88: conducting, 128, 249, to gather more information, 225, as sources of information, 276, reading transcripts of, 850, interview process, 881; Speaking Skills: Listening Critically, 791 793; Workplace Skills: Working With Others, 881 882, Learning Teamwork, 883 884; also see: Peer review, 21, 62, 85, 108, 135, 156, 184, 207, 232, 256, 285, 315 2. Listen skillfully to distinguish emotive and persuasive rhetoric. SE/TE: Speaking Skills: Listening Critically, 791 793; also see: also see: Media and Technology Skills: evaluating images in magazines, 115, tracking media stories, 191, identifying special effects on the TV news, 215, evaluating movie reviews, 323 3. Demonstrate appropriate listener response to ideas in a persuasive speech, oral interpretation of a literary selection, or scientific or educational presentation. SE/TE: Speaking Skills: Listening Critically, 791 793; also see: also see: Media and Technology Skills: evaluating images in magazines, 115, tracking media stories, 191, identifying special effects on the TV news, 215, evaluating movie reviews, 323 37
B. Listening Comprehension 1. Listen to summarize, make judgments, and evaluate. SE/TE: Interviews, 88: conducting, 128, 249, to gather more information, 225, as sources of information, 276, reading transcripts of, 850, interview process, 881; Speaking Skills: Listening Critically, 791 793; Workplace Skills: Working With Others, 881 882, Learning Teamwork, 883 884; also see: Peer review, 21, 62, 85, 108, 135, 156, 184, 207, 232, 256, 285, 315 2. Evaluate the credibility of a speaker. SE/TE: Speaking Skills: Listening Critically, 791 793; also see: also see: Media and Technology Skills: evaluating images in magazines, 115, tracking media stories, 191, identifying special effects on the TV news, 215, evaluating movie reviews, 323 3. Determine when propaganda and argument are used in oral forms. SE/TE: Speaking Skills: Listening Critically, 791 793; also see: also see: Media and Technology Skills: evaluating images in magazines, 115, tracking media stories, 191, identifying special effects on the TV news, 215, evaluating movie reviews, 323 38