HONR228V Warfare and Society in Greece, Rome and Byzantium Tuesday/Thursday 3:30-4:45 p.m. Professor Denis Sullivan, Department of Curriculum and Instruction Office Hours Monday 2:00-3:30 and by appointment Email: sullivan@umd.edu Terrorism and the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq have raised a number of difficult questions from the nature of rules of engagement to treatment of civilian populations, prisoners and detainees. News stories about the dwindling number of survivors of those who fought in World War II raises questions about how we may best remember and memorialize veterans. While time- and culture-bound historical parallels cannot provide specific answers to such questions, they can indicate how other societies have approached similar situations and suggest contexts for consideration. This course examines such issues through the interactions between warfare and society in the ancient Mediterranean from early Greece as described in the Homeric poems to the collapse of the Roman Empire in the West (late fifth century CE), with some additional examples from medieval Byzantium. There are two primary foci: (1) evolution in the strategies, tactics, weapons, and the persons who fight wars, and (2) how these changes influenced and were influenced by wider political and social institutions, including ethical views of war and the role of non-combatants. We will then use this examination to consider Victor Hansen s construct of the Western Way of War. The primary readings will be from Greek and Roman authors in translation (including Homer, Herodotus, Thucydides, Arrian, Livy, Tacitus and Ammianus Marcellinus), as well as from the work of various modern scholars primarily available in online journals). The evidence of archaeology and material culture will also be considered. Objectives: Students successfully completing the course will: - gain knowledge about the development of the weapons, tactics and strategies of warfare in ancient Greece and Rome and of select examples from Byzantium and the social context of these developments - acquire an understanding of the nature and limitations of the evidence, (particularly textual, monumental, pictorial and archaeological) for these developments and social contexts - gain familiarity with related modern scholarly debates on issues related to warfare and society in Greece, Rome and Byzantium and increase their ability to evaluate such arguments critically - increase their ability to construct logical and cogent arguments and present them both verbally and in writing through three oral presentations, an analytical essay, and a comprehensive research project
Requirements: -Each class member will make one 10/12-minute presentation of an assigned reading and lead a subsequent 5 minute class discussion of the topic (10% of the final grade). The grade will be based on (1) provision of a clear statement of the main theme of the assigned reading, (2) provision of SOME* of the supporting arguments and related evidence, and (3) clarity of organization, and (4) adherence to the time frame. *You are NOT expected to cover all points in an assigned reading (there is not time), but to select the most significant. -All students are expected to participate regularly and actively in class discussions on the basis of prior reading of assigned materials (10% of he final grade). Students should turn in at the beginning of each class a relevant question for each of the readings assigned for that day. The grade will be based on the % of classes for which questions have been turned in and active participation in discussions. -One 1000 word analysis essay. This will involve selecting at least four readings (two from an ancient source and two from modern scholars) on the same or related topic, accurately analyzing the readings, and then integrating the material into a cohesive conclusion. (30% of final grade). Grade will be based on (1) accurate presentation of the factual material, (2) logical analysis and synthesis of the factual material, and (3) correct use of academic register English and bibliographic citation format. Due March 11. Late submissions with a serious documented excuse lose a letter grade. -Final Project A 4500 word research project, similar to the essay, but with more extensive use of sources, and greater depth of evidence and analysis (50% of the final grade). The grade will be based on the same criteria as the 1000 word paper. Due May 19 by 12:30. Late submissions with a serious documented excuse lose a letter grade. The instructor will grant an incomplete only in the rarest of circumstances. Grading scale: 95-100 A, 90-94 A-, 87-89 B+, 83-86 B, 80-82 B-, 77-79 C+, 73-76 C, 70-72 C-, 67-69 D+, 63-66 D, 60-62 D-, below 60 F Method: This is a seminar in which regular class participation is essential. Preparation will involve readings in the assigned text, as well additional sources assigned by the professor from scholarly journals on the elms class site and the Internet more generally. It is essential that you bring your book and other printouts of or computer access to online readings to each class. Required Text: Michael M. Sage, Warfare in Ancient Greece (Routledge, 1996) Suggested Texts: Harry Sidebottom, Ancient Warfare: a Very Short Introduction (Oxford, 2004)
Victor Davis Hansen, The Western Way of War: Infantry Battle in Classical Greece (Univ. of California Press, 1989). Doyne Dawson, The Origins of Western Warfare: Militarism and Morality in the Ancient World (Westview Press, 1996). Reference Source P. Sabin et al., The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Warfare, 2 vols. (Cambridge, UK, 2007) Other expectations: Personal computers in the classroom may be used only for classrelated activities. Please turn off all cell phones. No tape recording is permitted. University Policies Academic Accommodations: If you have a documented disability, you should contact Disability Support Services 0126 Shoemaker Hall. Each semester students with documented disabilities should apply to DSS for accommodation request forms that you can provide to your professors as proof of your eligibility for accommodations. The rules for eligibility and the types of accommodations a student may request can be reviewed on the DSS web site at http://www.counseling.umd.edu/dss/receiving_serv.html. Religious Observances: The University System of Maryland policy provides that students should not be penalized because of observances of their religious beliefs, students shall be given an opportunity, whenever feasible, to make up within a reasonable time any academic assignment that is missed due to individual participation in religious observances. It is the responsibility of the student to inform the instructor of any intended absences for religious observances in advance. Notice should be provided as soon as possible but no later than the end of the schedule adjustment period. Faculty should further remind students that prior notification is especially important in connection with final exams, since failure to reschedule a final exam before the conclusion of the final examination period may result in loss of credits during the semester. The problem is especially likely to arise when final exams are scheduled on Saturdays. Academic integrity: The University of Maryland has a nationally recognized Code of Academic Integrity, administered by the Student Honor Council. This Code sets standards for academic integrity at Maryland for all undergraduate and graduate students. As a student you are responsible for upholding these standards for this course. It is very important for you to be aware of the consequences of cheating, fabrication, facilitation, and plagiarism. For more information on the Code of Academic Integrity or the Student Honor Council, please visit http://www.studenthonorcouncil.umd.edu/whatis.html The University of Maryland is one of a small number of universities with a student administered Honors Code and an Honors Pledge, available on the web at http://www.jpo.umd.edu/aca/honorpledge.html. The code prohibits students from cheating on exams, plagiarizing papers, submitting the same paper for credit in two courses without authorization, buying papers, submitting fraudulent documents, and
forging signatures. The University Senate encourages instructors to ask students to write the following signed statement on each examination or assignment: "I pledge on my honor that I have not given or received any unauthorized assistance on this examination (or assignment). Course evaluations Your participation in the evaluation of courses through CourseEvalUM is a responsibility you hold as a student member of our academic community. Your feedback is confidential and important to the improvement of teaching and learning at the University as well as to the tenure and promotion process. CourseEvalUM will be open for you to complete your evaluations for spring semester courses between Tuesday, April 27th and Wednesday, May 12th. You can go directly to the website (www.courseevalum.umd.edu) to complete your evaluations starting April 27th. By completing all of your evaluations each semester, you will have the privilege of accessing the summary reports for thousands of courses online at Testudo. If the University is closed due to weather or an emergency (closures are announced on the University home page) for more than one class period, I will contact you by email to let you know how the course will proceed until the University reopens. Tentative Schedule: all readings except Sage are on elms January 26/28 Syllabus HansonAncMilHist, 379-400 HansonWesternWayofWar. All reviews of Dawson Sage: x-xvi, 3-7; HansonAncMilHist 401-403 Bryce-Troy TrojanHorseA TrojanHorseRouman TrojanHorseJones TrojanHorseArt 54-62 with illustrations Mykonos Pithos February 2/4 Sage 7-24 KingsInCombatWees WeesIliadMilitOrg
WeesHomerHoplite#1 WeesHomerHoplite#2 RaaflaubHomericBattle CawkwellHoplite February 9/11 Sage 25-40; 72-81 KrentzHopliteAgon RuncimanHopliteSociology HalpikeHoplites* Runciman&Halpike* Runciman&HalpikeAgain Dunbar* LuginbillOthismos HurwitChigiVase BronzeAgeChariots AndersonMountedInfantry GreenhalghAllReviews February 16/18 Sage 40-71; CartledgeSpartanHoplites HuntHelotsPlataea WilliamsPeltasts PersCavalryMarathon EvansCavalry DoengesMarathon MarathonTopography February 23/25 Sage 81-106; PritchardWarDemocracy LawsWarLanni WheelerProhibitionMissles *KrentzDeception TransportofWounded WomenGreeceWartine WomenGreeceWartime2 ReligiousScruples Konstan Genocide March 2/4 Sage 107-134;
PericlesFuneralOration PericlesFOBosworth PericlesFuneralOrationWomen WarMemorialsGreece ReligiousScruplesWarfare AtrocitiesGreekWarfare March 9/11 Sage 134-162; Conscription of Hoplites DeadAtArginusae SlavesGeneralsArginusae MercenaryEconomics MercenaryEquipment WhiteheadMercenaryEquipment Spring Break March 23/25 Sage 162-196; HammondMacedonianGuards EngelsAlexander sintelligence BruntAlexander scavalry MarkleSarissa AnsonMacedonianArmy CarneyDisciplineMacedonArmy March 30/ April 1 RhodesAlexanderDiadochoi AntigonusGreeks BadianRomeAntiochus MarkleShieldMonument/297 HolscherImagesWar Cynoscephalae April 6/8 GreekMilitaryTreatises CampbellTeachGeneral SullivanByzMilManuals
RomanStrategyWheeler1/2 RomanGrandStrategy April 13/15 RomanImperialLegionSize RomLegionasSociety RomeFace of Battle TacitusDioBouddica RevoltofBoudicca MonsGraupiusAuxiliaries April 20/22 RomanTriumphalPainting CommemorateRomanSoldier WarMemorialsRome RomanArmyReligion MarriageRomanSoldier RomanArmyChristians April 27/29 DuraSiege Adrianople AdrianopleReactions RomanMailCavalry May 4/6 ByzantineSoldier ByzantinesInBattle Siegecraft1 Siegecraft2 ByzantineSiegeDefense May 11 TBA