CORE CURRICULUM 3 FOR THE TRAINING OF FISHERIES INSPECTORS & UNION INSPECTORS General principles & specific types of fisheries inspection MANUAL FOR THE TRAINER 3
Disclaimer The Core Curriculum for training fisheries inspectors (manual for the trainer and handbook for the trainee) is a training manuscript. It can be used by fisheries administrations of the EU Member States and the Commission especially for the training of fisheries inspectors and other fisheries officials. It is not a legal document and by no means replaces the legislative framework for the application of the Common Fisheries Policy set by the EU or other legal provisions established at EU and at national level. Carrying out inspections is not without any risk. Although fisheries inspectors and Union inspectors should have a thorough safety at work training, this curriculum does not address safety aspects. Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) The information given is free, as are most calls (though some operators, phone boxes or hotels may charge you). More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). Print ISBN 978-92-9209-028-9 doi:10.2835/26868 QV-AD-14-002-EN-C PDF ISBN 978-92-9209-027-2 doi:10.2835/26613 QV-AD-14-002-EN-N Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2015 European Union, 2015 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Printed in Luxembourg Printed on elemental chlorine-free bleached paper (ECF)
CORE CURRICULUM FOR THE TRAINING OF FISHERIES INSPECTORS & UNION INSPECTORS 3 General principles & specific types of fisheries inspection MANUAL FOR THE TRAINER
3 General principles & specific types of fisheries inspection 3a General principles applicable to fisheries inspection and surveillance Course Course Course Identify the entity to inspect Surveillance Finalising the inspection 3b Specific types of fisheries inspection Course Course Course Course Market and premises inspection Transport inspection Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing Union inspectors
CORE CURRICULUM FOR THE TRAINING OF FISHERIES INSPECTORS & UNION INSPECTORS 3 General principles & specific types of fisheries inspection MANUAL FOR THE TRAINER 3a General principles applicable to fisheries inspection and surveillance Course Identify the entity to inspect 3 PART A COURSE FRAMEWORK 3 PART B DETAILED TEACHING SYLLABUS 4 PART C TRAINER GUIDE 5 PART D EVALUATION 8 Course Surveillance 3 PART A COURSE FRAMEWORK 3 PART B DETAILED TEACHING SYLLABUS 4 PART C TRAINER GUIDE 5 PART D EVALUATION 10 Course Finalising the inspection 3 PART A COURSE FRAMEWORK 3 PART B DETAILED TEACHING SYLLABUS 5 PART C TRAINER GUIDE 8 PART D EVALUATION 15
3b Specific types of fisheries inspection Course Market and premises inspection 3 PART A COURSE FRAMEWORK 3 PART B DETAILED TEACHING SYLLABUS 4 PART C TRAINER GUIDE 7 PART D EVALUATION 11 Course Transport inspection 3 PART A COURSE FRAMEWORK 3 PART B DETAILED TEACHING SYLLABUS 4 PART C TRAINER GUIDE 5 PART D EVALUATION 8 Course Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing 3 PART A COURSE FRAMEWORK 3 PART B DETAILED TEACHING SYLLABUS 4 PART C TRAINER GUIDE 6 PART D EVALUATION 12 Course Union inspectors 3 PART A COURSE FRAMEWORK 3 PART B DETAILED TEACHING SYLLABUS 4 PART C TRAINER GUIDE 5 PART D EVALUATION 10
Course Identify the entity to inspect 3 PART A COURSE FRAMEWORK 3 PART B DETAILED TEACHING SYLLABUS 4 PART C TRAINER GUIDE 5 PART D EVALUATION 8 COURSE: IDENTIFY THE ENTITY TO INSPECT 1
Course Identify the entity to inspect Identify the entity to inspect Course Identify the entity to inspect PART A COURSE FRAMEWORK 1. Scope This course is one of a number of courses which, taken collectively are intended to provide fisheries inspectors with the necessary information and skills required to undertake risk analysis in order to identify the entity to inspect. Trainees completing this course should be capable of identifying and prioritising the inspections of any vessel or vehicle used to catch or transport fish or fish products, or premises where fish or fish products are stored or sold. 2. General learning objectives On completion of this course the trainee should be able to demonstrate an understanding of the concepts of risk analysis in fisheries control, the regulatory requirements obliging Member States to incorporate risk management into their fishery control systems and how fishery inspectors should use risk analysis tools to identify their inspection priorities when undertaking inspections of vessels and vehicles, as well as premises used to catch, transport, store or sell fish or fishery products. 3. Trainee entry requirements The trainee should have experience of the routine practices of the fishing industry in the normal area of operations, be familiar with surveillance tools and the methods of recording, storing and selling fish or fish products and accessing and analysing data regarding fishing activity. 4. Trainer requirements Trainers should preferably have knowledge of TAC and Quota management, maritime surveillance systems, data recorded by the fishing industry. Trainers should also preferably have received guidance on the teaching methods appropriate for this level of training. 5. Course intake Current advice suggests a maximum ratio of trainees to trainer for this course of 12 to 1, but this should be reduced where a high proportion of supervised exercises are included in the evaluation. Account should be taken of the requirements and availability of equipment and/or location. 6. Course certificate Intentionally left blank. COURSE: IDENTIFY THE ENTITY TO INSPECT 3
Course Identify the entity to inspect 7. Teaching facilities A room with sufficient space and workplaces to accommodate the participants and trainers when working collectively and individually. A visit to a national Fisheries Monitoring Centre (FMC) would be very advantageous to the trainees. 8. Teaching materials and equipment IT and projection equipment. A full list is specified in Part C2 of this manual. 9. Course outline and indicative session times Table 1 Course outline Introduction: Classroom hours 15 minutes Exercise/evaluation hours Session 1 2 hours 1 hour Session 2 3 hours 2 hours 30 minutes Subtotal of hours 5 hours 15 minutes 3 hours 30 minutes Total hours 8 hours 45 minutes These indicative times exclude any visits to FMCs. PART B DETAILED TEACHING SYLLABUS 1. Learning objectives The learning objective of this course is to ensure that on completion of the course the trainee can undertake risk analysis to identify the entity to inspect. This course consists of two sessions, each linked to the relevant chapter of the training handbook; Session 1: How to gather information and intelligence for fisheries control Session 2: How to use information and intelligence to identify the entity to inspect 4 EFCA - CORE CURRICULUM FOR THE TRAINING OF FISHERIES INSPECTORS & UNION INSPECTORS
Identify the entity to inspect Course 2. Specific learning objectives Table 2 Session Handbook reference Topic No Exercises/ evaluation Session 1: How to gather information and intelligence The expected learning outcome is that the trainee can: Explain why Member States should incorporate risk management into the national management measures; Discuss the supporting structure available to inspectors, including the FMC, when identifying the entity to inspect; Describe the various potential sources of data, intelligence and information available to inspectors from internal and external sources. 1a 1b 1c Session 2: How to use information and intelligence The expected learning outcome is that the trainee can: Describe how to access the various sources of intelligence and data; Display an understanding of risk management and analysis techniques including cross checks as they apply to fisheries control; Demonstrate how to incorporate the outcomes into an action plan for undertaking inspections at sea, on landing, in markets and premises, on transport and for Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) inspections; Explain the importance of information feedback to the RA process. 2a 2b 2c 2d PART C TRAINER GUIDE 1. Introduction This course is largely classroom based and is divided into two sessions. However, trainees will benefit from a visit to the national FMC in order to gain an understanding of the role of the FMC and the functions undertaken by FMC staff. Each session comprises a number of topics relevant to the session learning objectives as defined in Part B, Table 2. 2. Teaching materials and equipment Visit to Fisheries Monitoring Centre; IT equipment allowing access to national VMS, ERS and information databases; Access to previous historic inspection reports, sea and air surveillance reports and cross check results; IT projection equipment; Copies of Regulations; Prepared materials as required for the group exercise. COURSE: IDENTIFY THE ENTITY TO INSPECT 5
Course Identify the entity to inspect 3. Training session guidance Table 3 Session 1: How to gather information and intelligence Trainer guidance Additional resources Session topics Evaluation The purpose of this session is to introduce the trainees to the concept of planning inspections including the regulatory requirement, sources of data, intelligence and information. This may be considered as a fairly dry session relying on good presentational skills and tools as there is limited opportunity to utilise practical exercises. Topic 1a: Explain why Member States should incorporate risk management into the national management measures Trainees should be introduced to the potential complexities faced by fisheries managers and inspectors when deciding where inspection efforts should be focused and the regulatory requirements surrounding the use of risk management techniques. In doing so trainees should be exposed to the full range of possible scenarios and operational criteria in order to gain a full understanding of links between risk and operational processes. Regulatory requirements; National inspection benchmarks and operational objectives; Specific control and inspection programmes. Topic 1b: Discuss the structure and systems available to inspectors, including the FMC when identifying the entity to inspect Here the trainer should lead the group through the background structure of fisheries control as relating to fisheries inspections in general. The role of the FMC should be emphasised as well as the importance of good internal communications and access to the necessary information. Trainers should ensure that trainees complete this topic with a good understanding of the concepts of risk and risk management and the processes of risk analysis particularly: Fisheries Monitoring Centre; Risk, risk management and risk analysis; Surveillance operations; Cross checks. Topic 1c. Describe the various potential sources of data, intelligence and information available to inspectors from internal and external sources This topic should cover: Data sources such as VMS, AIS, sea and aerial sightings, ERS and cross checks, historical data and trend analysis; Internal intelligence sources such as interdepartmental information exchange, quotas, licensing, PST and IUU lists; External intelligence sources such as Harbour and Port Authorities, fishermen and producer organisations, Customs and Coastguard, RFMOs and Police etc. Multiple choice questionnaire (MCQ) 6 EFCA - CORE CURRICULUM FOR THE TRAINING OF FISHERIES INSPECTORS & UNION INSPECTORS
Identify the entity to inspect Course Session 2: How to use information and intelligence Trainer guidance Additional resources Session topics The purpose of this session is to introduce the trainee to the practicalities of accessing, analysing and utilising the results of risk analysis into routine inspections undertaken by fisheries inspectors at sea, at the time of landing, at markets/premises or during transportation. Trainers should prepare suitable materials relevant to their normal area of operations to demonstrate the use of risk analysis techniques with access to surveillance data, information and intelligence sources. If possible access in real time to VMS, ERS and other operational systems should be provided in the training room, however if this is not possible, then the resources available in the FMC may be utilised to demonstrate the availability and access to these sources. The aim should be to replicate, as far as possible the systems available to inspectors working in the field within the classroom environment. Topic 2a. Describe how to access the various sources of intelligence and data This topic is best considered in conjunction with the visit to the FMC. The precise content depends to a large extent on the technical models adopted by the national system and trainers should present the following with reference to these systems: Access to VMS and AIS real time and historical data; Access to ERS data; Access to quota management and licensing information; Access to information relating to other Member State and Third Country vessels. Topic 2b. Demonstrate an understanding of risk management and analysis techniques including cross checks as they apply to fisheries control To a lesser extent than the previous topic this topic may be presented in conjunction with the visit to the FMC and the national measures regarding risk analysis (RA). However, trainers should also present the basic principles of risk analysis as contained in the Handbook to ensure that trainees gain a reasonable understanding of: Basic risk analysis models, for example quantitative RA; Identifying levels of risk; Identifying the priorities and objectives for strategic and operational planning; Using basic RA tools in real time situations. Topic 2c. Demonstrate how to incorporate the outcomes into an action plan for undertaking inspections at sea, on landing, in markets and premises, on transport and for IUU inspections Trainers should use prepared examples to demonstrate the inclusion of RA outcomes into inspection plans for: Sea inspections; Landing inspections; Market and premises inspections; Transport inspections; Possible IUU inspections. COURSE: IDENTIFY THE ENTITY TO INSPECT 7
Course Identify the entity to inspect Session 2: How to use information and intelligence Session topics Evaluation Topic 2d. Explain the importance of information feedback to the RA process The purpose of this topic is simply to ensure that trainees understand that RA is a continuous process which relies on feedback from inspectors to influence and improve future analysis of individual risks. Discuss the roles of: Inspection reports; Sharing and distributing information and intelligence. Group exercise PART D EVALUATION 1. Evaluation General Each session concludes with the trainee evaluation and a group discussion on the evaluation outcomes. The trainee may be evaluated on three levels: The trainee s score in a multiple choice questionnaire (MCQ); The trainee s understanding of the session topics and the level of contribution observed during the group exercises; The trainee s score in the individual exercise. For the purposes of the course, the evaluation process consists of one MCQ and one group exercise. Examples of an MCQ and a group exercise pertinent to this course are shown below. 2. Multiple choice questionnaire evaluation (MCQ) Each MCQ should consist of a number of questions relevant to the topics covered in the session. Each question should ideally have four possible answers, only one of which is correct. All trainees should complete an MCQ individually. Points should be allocated for each correct answer. When marking MCQ evaluations, the trainer should explore incorrect answers with the trainee to identify the deductions made by the trainee in coming to their conclusion. The trainer should consider whether there is logic to the trainee s answer and reflect this in the overall score or, alternatively whether the training provided on the particular issue should be reviewed. Importantly the trainer should ensure that the trainee is fully aware of the correct response before concluding the session. It should be noted however that incorrect answers may in part be an outcome of the wording of the question. 8 EFCA - CORE CURRICULUM FOR THE TRAINING OF FISHERIES INSPECTORS & UNION INSPECTORS
Identify the entity to inspect Course Session 1: EVALUATION MCQ Trainee name: Training reference number: Date: Question 1: Incorporating risk management techniques into fisheries control is intended to: (a) Protect inspection services from legal challenge (b) Ensure that fisheries regulations are implemented impartially (c) Avoid unnecessary damage to fishing vessels and fishing gear (d) Help to prevent fish stocks from over exploitation Question 2: Cross checking VMS and ERS data should be utilised to: (a) Confirm the correct operation of the vessels VMS equipment (b) Confirm the correct operation of national ERS system (c) Compare the common data elements of VMS and ERS to validate the accuracy of the information (d) Inform fisheries managers regarding quota uptake of individual species Question 3: Member States FMCs are required to monitor: (a) All fishing activities in its sovereign waters (b) Only the fishing activities of its flag fishing vessels on other Member States and Third Country waters (c) Only the fishing activities of other Member States and Third Country fishing vessels in its sovereign waters (d) All fishing activity in its waters and the activities of its own flag fishing vessels in all other waters Question 4: Risk management and risk analysis processes should be used by Member States authorities to: (a) Identify and quantify risks to fish stocks and the environment at all levels (b) Identify only strategic risks (c) Identify target groups of vessels only during JDPs (d) Develop SCIPS and National Inspection Benchmarks only on an occasional basis INDICATE ONLY ONE ANSWER FOR EACH QUESTION DO NOT WRITE BELOW THIS POINT: FOR ADMINISTRATION ONLY Evaluation CORRECT TOTAL Trainer s comments Correct answers (not for distribution) Question number Correct answer 1 d 2 c 3 d 4 a COURSE: IDENTIFY THE ENTITY TO INSPECT 9
Course Identify the entity to inspect Group exercise evaluation Session 2: EVALUATION Group exercise Group number: Group members: Training reference number: Date: Group exercise This exercise requires the trainees to work in groups in order to cover the subject matters effectively. However evaluation should still be on an individual basis with trainers observing the performance of each individual as a contributor to the group. Exercise objectives The objectives of the exercise are to demonstrate the trainee understands how to: access all the necessary information; analysis the data and information using quantitative methodology; use the outcomes of the analysis to identify the entity to inspect. Exercise content Trainers should prepare a comprehensive exercise similar to the relatively simple one included in the Handbook but using factors relating to the local operational situation. Ideally the exercise should include real time access to VMS and ERS data and written in such a manner as to rigorously test the trainees knowledge of the subject. The trainees should be divided into groups of four. Each group should be tasked with assessing the same exercise scenario, analysing the available data and concluding with a recommendation on the entity to inspect. Each group should then present their work to the whole group, with detailed explanations of each process followed. The exercise should conclude with an open discussion on the work carried out by each group. Evaluation criteria The evaluation of this exercise should be based on performance and method criteria, exercise competed within the allocated time and any other criteria to the satisfaction of the trainer. Trainer s notes: 10 EFCA - CORE CURRICULUM FOR THE TRAINING OF FISHERIES INSPECTORS & UNION INSPECTORS
Course Surveillance 3 PART A COURSE FRAMEWORK 3 PART B DETAILED TEACHING SYLLABUS 4 PART C TRAINER GUIDE 5 PART D EVALUATION 10 COURSE: SURVEILLANCE 1
Course Surveillance Surveillance Course Air and sea surveillance Coverage: All EU regions PART A COURSE FRAMEWORK 1. Scope This course will set out the EU requirements for surveillance and how these are assessed and carried out by a Member State. It will then explain the process of completing a surveillance report and how the reports are used. 2. General learning objectives A trainee completing this course will understand why surveillance is important in the control of fishing within EU waters and will be able to complete a surveillance report. The trainees will also have an understanding of how the information in surveillance reports is used. 3. Trainee entry requirements Trainees should have an understanding of fishing methods and fishing vessel types. 4. Trainer requirements Trainers should preferably have knowledge of the variety of air and sea platforms and have practical experience of carrying out surveillance. The trainer should be able to explain why different assets are used in different Member States. Trainers should also preferably have received guidance on the teaching methods appropriate for this level of training. 5. Course intake Current advice suggests a maximum ratio of trainees to trainer for this course of 12 to 1, but this should be reduced where a high proportion of supervised exercises are included in the evaluation. Account should be taken of the requirements and availability of equipment and/or location 6. Course certificate Intentionally left blank. 7. Teaching facilities A room with sufficient space and workplaces to accommodate the participants and trainers when working collectively and individually. A visit to a surveillance aircraft and ship should be made to see what surveillance and recording equipment is employed. The trainees should also be taken to the nearest operations centre to be shown how the surveillance reports are used in operational tasking. 8. Teaching materials and equipment A full list is specified in Part C2 of this manual. COURSE: SURVEILLANCE 3
Course Surveillance 9. Course outline and indicative session times Table 1 Course outline Introduction: Session 1: What are the Member States obligations for surveillance? Classroom hours Exercise/ evaluation hours 1 hour 30 minutes Session 2: How to collect surveillance data 1 hour 30 minutes Session 3: Session 4: What are the surveillance methods? How to complete the surveillance report 2 hours 30 minutes 3 hours 1 hour 30 minutes Subtotal hours 7 hours 3 hours Total hours 10 hours PART B DETAILED TEACHING SYLLABUS 1. Learning objectives The learning objectives of the sessions in this course are to ensure that on completion of the course the trainee can complete the surveillance report to the required standard. This part consists of four sessions, each linked to the relevant chapters of the training handbook; Session 1: What are the Member States obligations for surveillance? Session 2: How to collect surveillance data Session 3: What are the surveillance methods? Session 4: How to complete the surveillance report 2. Specific learning objectives Table 2 Session Session 1: What are the Member States obligations for surveillance? The expected learning outcome is that the trainee can: Describe what control obligations are placed upon Member States; Understand the requirements to control access to closed areas; Describe how the detection of a possible infringement through surveillance has to be dealt with. Handbook reference Topic No Exercises/ evaluation Chapter 1 1 MCQ 4 EFCA - CORE CURRICULUM FOR THE TRAINING OF FISHERIES INSPECTORS & UNION INSPECTORS
Surveillance Course Session Session 2: How to collect surveillance data The expected learning outcome is that the trainee can: List the vessel characteristics which should be collected; Describe what vessel activity is; Understand how to set down the geographical position of a vessel; Describe the difference between time formats and their importance; Describe what remote electronic surveillance data is available. Session 3: What are the surveillance methods? The expected learning outcome is that the trainee can: List the benefits and restrictions when using aircraft for surveillance; List the benefits and restrictions when using vessels for surveillance; Describe the various sea and air surveillance systems; Be aware of other potential sources of surveillance data; Describe what is meant by covert surveillance and when it might be used. Session 4: How to complete the surveillance report The expected learning outcome is that the trainee can: Complete the report according to legislative requirements; Understand the benefit of extra written information on the report; Understand the need to upload and share information. Handbook reference Topic No Exercises/ evaluation Chapter 2 2 MCQ Chapter 3 3 MCQ Chapter 4 4 Individual exercise PART C TRAINER GUIDE 1. Introduction This course is largely classroom based and is divided into four sessions. Each session comprises a number of topics relevant to the session learning objectives as defined in Part B, Table 2. 2. Teaching materials and equipment This course uses the following teaching materials: Photographs of fishing vessels taken by surveillance craft; Videos showing fishing activities; Copies of legislation. This course uses the following training equipment: PC; Projector; Flip chart; Sample surveillance form and notes sheet (example attached in Annex A). COURSE: SURVEILLANCE 5
Course Surveillance 3. Training session guidance Table 3 Session 1: What are the Member States obligations for surveillance? Trainer guidance Additional resources Session topics Evaluation The purpose of this session is to explain to the trainees the legislative requirements for Member States to carry out, record and make surveillance data available. Topic 1: General The trainer should: Set out and go through the legislation; Discuss why an integrated EU wide surveillance regime is necessary. Topic 2: Recording information The trainer should: Point out the requirement to record surveillance; Discuss how the data would be recorded and uploaded to a database. Topic 3: Electronic database The trainer should: Discuss the requirements for an electronic database and the requirements to store the data; Point out the required functionality of a database; Describe how surveillance information could be used to control fisheries. Topic 4: Controlling access to fishing areas The trainer should: Demonstrate and discuss the need to control access to certain areas; Point out some of the closed areas within EU waters and how surveillance could be used to control the closures; Discuss the problems of controlling access when using VMS data or where the areas are small and/or remote. Topic 5: Taking action as a result of surveillance The trainer should: Point out the requirements to take action; Discuss the various scenarios where different actions are required when a possible infringement is detected; Discuss why actions, both immediate and as result of Member State investigations after the surveillance has taken place, are required. Topic 6: Evaluation of control and surveillance The trainer should: Point out the requirements, both internal and external, to carry out surveillance evaluation. Multiple choice questionnaire (MCQ) 6 EFCA - CORE CURRICULUM FOR THE TRAINING OF FISHERIES INSPECTORS & UNION INSPECTORS
Surveillance Course Table 4 Session 2: How to collect surveillance data Trainer guidance Additional resources Session topics Evaluation The purpose of this session is to explain to trainees how the requirements of the surveillance report can be met in terms of the type of information which has to be gathered and recorded. Topic 1: Fishing vessel identification and marking The trainer should: Show a large number of photographs, and video if possible, which demonstrate the manner in which unique identification markings are applied to vessels. These should include: Registry markings; Vessel name; IMO number; Radio call sign; Other markings such as company logos. Topic 2: Fishing activity The trainer should: Show pictures, preferably taken from the air, which show the differing stages of a large variety of fishing methods conducted within EU waters; Demonstrate, using screenshots or data extracts, how remote sensing data (VMS/AIS) can indicate that fishing may be taking place (course, speed, patterns of activity). Topic 3: Geographical position The trainer should: Demonstrate to trainees where geographical positions can be obtained from on board equipment; Describe the concept of latitude and longitude and the two main formats for setting them out; Describe the concept of bearing and how a rough sea location can be calculated from land to sea bearings; Describe and show the ICES, GFCM and Baltic system of sea area locations. Topic 4: Date and time The trainer should: Describe and demonstrate the use of different time systems on surveillance forms (UTC or local); Give examples of where the date and time format used must be understood by all parties and why the recording of imprecise information regarding time can affect investigations. Topic 5: VMS/AIS The trainer should: Give examples of VMS data and show the limitations and benefits of the data, paying particular attention to the frequency of transmission and historical data; Give examples of AIS data and discuss the requirements which are coming into force for certain fishing vessels to transmit AIS data. Discuss the limitations of AIS data in offshore areas. Multiple choice questionnaire (MCQ) COURSE: SURVEILLANCE 7
Course Surveillance Table 5 Session 3: What are the Surveillance methods? Trainer guidance Additional resources Session topics Evaluation The purpose of this session is to set out and explain the variety of surveillance systems which can be employed. The session will also give the trainees an appreciation of the problems that Member States have in putting together the best surveillance package (in terms of cost effectiveness) for the fisheries they have to control. Topic 1: Definition of surveillance The trainer should: Point out the relevant definition within legislation; Discuss with trainees the types of surveillance that they are aware of in their Member State. Topic 2: Air surveillance The trainer should: Demonstrate the various air surveillance systems; Go through each system in detail and discuss with trainees the benefits and limitations of each system; Show an example of a Member State and the air assets they have. Discuss how well these match their control and surveillance requirements. Topic 3: Sea surveillance The trainer should: Demonstrate the various sea surveillance systems; Go through each system in detail and discuss with trainees the benefits and limitations of each system; Show an example of a Member State and the patrol vessels they have. Discuss how well these match their control and surveillance requirements. Topic 4: Other surveillance sources The trainer should: Show that many agencies or government bodies may collect data which could be of use to fisheries control; Discuss the benefits and shortcomings of information received from non government individuals. Topic 5: Covert surveillance The trainer should: Set out the benefits of covert surveillance but also show that strict government controls within Member States may prevent the use of the data if it is not collected according to legal guidelines; Discuss when covert surveillance may or may not be appropriate. Multiple choice questionnaire (MCQ) 8 EFCA - CORE CURRICULUM FOR THE TRAINING OF FISHERIES INSPECTORS & UNION INSPECTORS
Surveillance Course Table 6 Session 4: How to complete the surveillance report Trainer guidance Additional resources Session topics The purpose of this session is to explain what needs to be recorded on the surveillance report and how this can be achieved with adequate details of any sightings made. Topic 1: Identified vessel characteristics The trainer should: Show which parts of the vessel design are important for identification purposes; Show the range of deck machinery and fish handling equipment which might be found on vessels; Demonstrate, through the use of a range of images, what these characteristics are and what they might indicate as to the activity of the vessel; Use photographs to show where vessel markings can be found and, if possible, show photographs where markings are unclear, deliberately masked or partially masked by hull modifications (e.g. Mast base plates fitted over parts of horizontal markings or material deliberately draped over markings.) Topic 2: Location of sighting The trainer should: Describe the use of single or multiple GPS readouts on aircraft or ships; Demonstrate how surveillance reports are enhanced by the use of recording ICES patrol areas rather than just latitude and longitude; Give examples of discrepancies between VMS positions and sightings and how these can be flagged up for investigation. Topic 3: Method of sighting The trainer should: Describe the various systems employed in surveillance with images of each equipment type and what it can provide; Set out a number of scenarios where single or multiple methods of sightings may be used to identify a vessel. For example an initial detection through the receipt of a VMS track with radar contact then being established. This is then followed by visual sighting and finally radio contact being made with the vessel to give positive identification. Topic 4: Radio contact made with the vessel The trainer should: Explain the principles of radio contact and the identification of the individual being spoken to; Describe the benefits of radio contact. For example contact may give further information on the past, present or future activity of the vessel and other vessels which the Master of the vessel has come across. Topic 5: Details of the surveillance platform and correct identification shown The trainer should: Explain what should be recorded on the form; Point out the legislative requirement for the patrol vessel to display identification. COURSE: SURVEILLANCE 9
Course Surveillance Session 4: How to complete the surveillance report Session topics Evaluation PART D EVALUATION Topic 6: Records made and images recorded The trainer should: Point out the value of photographs or video and how images can be analysed in details after the event; Show the value of audio records, especially where notes are difficult to take; Demonstrate the value of written notes which can provide a diary of the sequence of sightings or suspicions about the activities of vessel. Topic 7: Reporting official The trainer should explain why identification of the person carrying out the surveillance is vitally important for any subsequent investigations. Individual exercise 1. Evaluation General Each session concludes with the trainee evaluation and a group discussion on the evaluation outcomes. The trainee may be evaluated on three levels: The trainee s score in a multiple choice questionnaire (MCQ); The trainee s understanding of the session topics and the level of contribution observed during the group exercises; The trainee s score in the individual exercise. In this session, the evaluation process consists of three MCQs and one individual exercise. 2. Multiple choice questionnaire evaluation (MCQ) Each MCQ should consist of a number of questions relevant to the topics covered in the session. Each question should ideally have four possible answers, only one of which is correct. All trainees should complete an MCQ individually. Points should be allocated for each correct answer. When marking MCQ evaluations, the trainer should explore incorrect answers with the trainee to identify the deductions made by the trainee in coming to their conclusion. The trainer should consider whether there is logic to the trainee s answer and reflect this in the overall score or, alternatively whether the training provided on the particular issue should be reviewed. Importantly the trainer should ensure that the trainee is fully aware of the correct response before concluding the session. It should be noted however that incorrect answers may in part be an outcome of the wording of the question. 10 EFCA - CORE CURRICULUM FOR THE TRAINING OF FISHERIES INSPECTORS & UNION INSPECTORS
Surveillance Course Table 7 Session 1: What are the Member States obligations for surveillance? EVALUATION MCQ Trainee name: Training reference number: Date: Question 1: Surveillance information has to be recorded on: (a) A paper form (b) An electronic document (c) Either a paper form or an electronic document Question 2: Vessels transiting across closed areas have to: (a) Maintain a speed of not less than eight knots and bring their gear on board (b) Stow their fishing gear and transit at not less than six knots (c) Never exceed 12 knots Question 3: Detections of infringements made by surveillance must be acted upon and: (a) Every sighting has to be fully investigated (b) Any sighting which does not match with other information must be investigated (c) Only investigated if an offence is detected at the time of the sighting Question 4: When vessels transit through a closed area the frequency of VMS transmissions must be at least: (a) Once every 30 minutes (b) Once every 4 hours (c) Once every 2 hours INDICATE ONLY ONE ANSWER FOR EACH QUESTION DO NOT WRITE BELOW THIS POINT: FOR ADMINISTRATION ONLY Evaluation CORRECT TOTAL Trainer s comments Correct answers (not for distribution) Question number Correct answer 1 c 2 b 3 b 4 a COURSE: SURVEILLANCE 11
Course Surveillance Table 8 Session 2: How to collect surveillance data EVALUATION MCQ Trainee name: Training reference number: Date: Question 1: All fishing vessels registered in the EU must display: (a) Registry letters and numbers along with the IMO number (b) IMO number and radio call sign (c) Registry letters and numbers Question 2: When checking for fishing activity you should look for: (a) Crewmen on deck (b) Wires or ropes leading from the vessel into the sea (c) Wake turbulence from the vessel Question 3: Geographical location should be recorded in: (a) Latitude and longitude (b) ICES areas only (c) Latitude/longitude and a reference to the ICES area Question 4: VMS data can provide: (a) Regular updates on vessel positions, course and speed (b) Positive confirmation of fishing activity (c) Real time positions INDICATE ONLY ONE ANSWER FOR EACH QUESTION DO NOT WRITE BELOW THIS POINT: FOR ADMINISTRATION ONLY Evaluation CORRECT TOTAL Trainer s comments Correct answers (not for distribution) Question number Correct answer 1 c 2 b 3 c 4 a 12 EFCA - CORE CURRICULUM FOR THE TRAINING OF FISHERIES INSPECTORS & UNION INSPECTORS
Surveillance Course Table 9 Session 3: What are the surveillance methods EVALUATION MCQ Trainee name: Training reference number: Date: Question 1: One benefit of aerial surveillance is that: (a) It is inexpensive (b) Aircraft radar ranges are much greater than radars on ships (c) Aircraft can operate in all weather conditions Question 2: The major benefit of seaborne surveillance is: (a) Fast transit times (b) Ability to cover large sea areas every hour (c) Ability to immediately investigate discrepancies which are found Question 3: Rotary winged aircraft are best suited to: (a) Patrols out to 200 mile limits (b) Inshore patrol areas where manoeuvring room is limited (c) High wind conditions Question 4: Digital optical images of vessels can be obtained from (a) FLIR systems (b) Radar (c) AIS INDICATE ONLY ONE ANSWER FOR EACH QUESTION DO NOT WRITE BELOW THIS POINT: FOR ADMINISTRATION ONLY Evaluation CORRECT TOTAL Trainer s comments Correct answers (not for distribution) Question number Correct answer 1 b 2 c 3 b 4 a COURSE: SURVEILLANCE 13
Course Surveillance 3. Individual exercise evaluation Table 10 SESSION 4: How to complete the surveillance report EVALUATION INDIVIDUAL EXERCISE Trainee name: Training reference number: Date: Exercise An exercise in which the trainee will be given surveillance data and asked to complete a surveillance report. Exercise content Trainees should be given: Photographs of five vessels. If possible two of the vessels should show the hull details but the registry markings on the vessels are incomplete or cannot be seen. The remaining three vessels should show all markings and if possible should be in various stages of fishing operations. There should also be an additional photograph of a merchant ship which shows the IMO markings. Each photograph should show the date, time and latitude/ longitude of the sighting; The trainee should also be given VMS data for the vessels. All of the VMS data should show transmission times close to the sighting time. All of the VMS positions should match the sighting positions except one which should show the VMS position received as being at least 10 degrees away from the sighting position; A surveillance form and supplementary notes page (see Annexes I and II). Evaluation criteria The trainees should be able to complete the form and take notes describing the vessel layout and activity where they cannot positively identify the vessel. They should also note the discrepancy between the VMS position and the actual position of one sighting. The evalu ation of this exercise should be based on performance and method criteria, exercise completed within the allocated time and others to the satisfaction of the trainer. Trainer s notes: The trainer should be prepared to answer questions and give guidance during the exercise. On completing the exercise there should be a lengthy group discussion on any problems that were encountered, the types and details of notes taken and what action must be taken where there is discrepancy between the VMS position and the sighting. 14 EFCA - CORE CURRICULUM FOR THE TRAINING OF FISHERIES INSPECTORS & UNION INSPECTORS
Surveillance Course E U S urveillance form Sheet 1 Member S tate Surveillance platorm Name Rank/status Date Identification Inspector 1 2 Time patrol started 3 Time patrol ended 4 Sightings record Position Located by Radio contact made Record made Supplementary Record sheet Record Vessel name Vessel Number Callsign IMO Type Lat Long ICES Heading Visually Radar VMS Radio Other Yes No Spoke to Photo Video Audio Sketch Yes No Ref 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Annex I Example of a possible surveillance form COURSE: SURVEILLANCE 15
Course Surveillance S UP P L E ME NT AR Y R E C O R D S HE E T Sketch From sheet number Date Reference sighting number Deck machinery? Fishing gear? Markings clear? VMS signal? AIS signal? Other notes Sheet number 1 Annex II Example of a possible supplementary record sheet 16 EFCA - CORE CURRICULUM FOR THE TRAINING OF FISHERIES INSPECTORS & UNION INSPECTORS
Course Finalising the inspection 3 PART A COURSE FRAMEWORK 3 PART B DETAILED TEACHING SYLLABUS 5 PART C TRAINER GUIDE 8 PART D EVALUATION 15 TRAINING COURSE: FINALISING THE INSPECTION 1
Course Finalising the inspection Finalising the inspection Course Finalising the inspection Coverage: All EU Regions PART A COURSE FRAMEWORK 1. Scope This training manual covers all the chapters contained within course Finalise the inspection. For the sake of clarity the four topics within the course should be conducted in the order in which they appear in this manual. This will take the trainee through the natural progression of gathering the data and making sure it is accurate. They will then be taught how to deal with situations where a possible infringement is detected. Finally the last chapter will deal with the completion of the report and how the information in the reports is used. The four handbook chapters covered in this manual are as follows: Chapter 1: Gathering and securing data obtained Chapter 2: Accuracy of information gathered Chapter 3: Detection of possible infringement Chapter 4: Completion of inspection report and transmitting information 2. General learning objectives The aim of this course is to give the trainee the tools, in terms of best practice, to enable them to understand what information they can and should gather. It will then take them through the processes of: verifying the information with which they have been presented; what to do when a possible infringement is detected; how the inspection report is completed; the responsibilities of the trainee in the inspection process; the way in which the information on the form is transmitted. The course should enable the trainee to think about how they will conduct the process of finalising the inspection. It will also deal with why each part of the inspection process is important and how to deal with situations where an infringement is detected. 3. Trainee entry requirements The trainee should have completed the relevant inspection courses for inspections at sea or on landing, markets or surveillance. 4. Trainer requirements Trainers should have an extensive working knowledge of inspection procedures and be able to discuss the practical aspects of inspection and seizure procedures. They should also have working experience of fisheries enforcement and dealing with enforcement situations. TRAINING COURSE: FINALISING THE INSPECTION 3
Course Finalising the inspection 5. Course intake A maximum of 12 trainees 6. Course certificate Intentionally left blank 7. Teaching facilities Teaching will take place in the classroom equipped with the necessary audio visual equipment where with a number of practical exercises will be held. Examples of relevant documents. 8. Teaching materials and equipment Copies of documents and various labels and seals for evidence gathering demonstrations. A full list is specified in Part C2 of this manual. 9. Course outline and indicative session times. Table 1 Course outline Introduction: Classroom hours 1 hour Exercise/ evaluation hours Session 1: Written records 4 hours 2 hours (combined Sessions 1-3) Session 2: Photographic or video evidence 2 hours Session 3: Securing evidence 2 hours Session 4: Identity of the Master 1 hour 15 minutes Session 5: Fishing gear 1 hour 15 minutes Session 6: Fishing vessel 1 hour 15 minutes Session 7: Weighing catch and sampling plans 1 hour 15 minutes Session 8: Fish species 1 hour 15 minutes Session 9: Infringement suspected during inspection Session 10: Seizing relevant evidence Session 11: Escorting vessels to port Session 12: Dealing with the transportation of the catch to the location of first sale 2 hours 2 hours 30 minutes (combined Sessions 9-11) 3 hours 1 hour 1 hour 15 minutes Session 13: Infringements detected after landing 1 hour 15 minutes Session 14: Assessing the level of the infringement Session 16: Communicating findings to the operator 1 hour 15 minutes 1 hour 15 minutes Session 17: Mutual assistance 1 hour 15 minutes Subtotal hours 27 hours 7 hours 15 minutes 4 EFCA - CORE CURRICULUM FOR THE TRAINING OF FISHERIES INSPECTORS & UNION INSPECTORS
Finalising the inspection Course PART B DETAILED TEACHING SYLLABUS 1. Learning objectives The learning objective of these sessions is to take the trainee through the process of gathering, verifying, recording data and finally transmitting the data. It also deals with situations where an infringement is detected. It will take them through each aspect of finalising the inspection and give them practical advice of what to do in each stage of the process. A practical exercise will then bring all these elements together in a group exercise which involves a typical enforcement situation. 2. Specific learning objectives Table 2 Session Handbook reference Topic No Exercises/ evaluation Session 1: Written records The expected outcome is that the trainees can: Appreciate the best practice that they can adopt to record information; Understand the requirements placed upon Masters and representatives to submit certain returns or transmit certain information; Describe the information which control observers can provide. Chapter 1.1 1 2-5 6 Group exercise Session 2: Photographic or video evidence On completing this session the trainee will: Understand the correct way to prepare photographic equipment; Be able to take the recorded images and secure them for possible enforcement action. Chapter 1.2 1 1 Group exercise Session 3: Securing evidence The expected outcome of this session is that the trainee will understand the need to: Seize the appropriate evidence for the infringement in terms of what and how much; Understand how to seal and label the evidence. Chapter 1.3 1 2 Group exercise Session 4: Identity of the Master This session will give the trainee an understanding of why: They must identify the Master of the fishing vessel; They should not assume who the Master is or accept the word of other crewmembers as to who the Master is. Chapter 2.1 1 Individual written evaluation Session 5: Fishing gear This session will explain to the trainee why: They must identify the gear used to take the catch which is on board; They must verify the location of any static gear if it is not on board the vessel. Chapter 2.2 1 2 Individual written evaluation Session 6: Fishing vessel The expected outcome will be that the trainee can: Verify by documentation or physical examination the identity of the vessel(s); Understand the need to verify the position of the vessel and its activity. Chapter 2.3 1 2 Individual written evaluation TRAINING COURSE: FINALISING THE INSPECTION 5
Course Finalising the inspection Session Handbook reference Topic No Exercises/ evaluation Session 7: Weighing catch This outcome of this session will be that the trainee will: Be confident that they know what equipment they need to carry out a weighing exercise; Be aware of the concept of sampling plans. Chapter 2.4 1 2 Individual written evaluation Session 8: Fish species The expected outcome of this session is that the trainee will: Understand the importance of identifying the species involved; Be aware that certain industry practices can mask the true identity of the species; Understand the importance of verifying the locus of capture of the species on board. Chapter 2.5 1 1 2 Individual written evaluation Session 9: Infringement suspected during inspection This session should confront the trainee with a situation where, during an inspection, an infringement is suspected. The trainee should be made to think about: The need to identify the exact nature of the infringement; The size and scope of the possible inspection and verification process; How they can control the situation so that they have thinking time to inspect and seize the best evidence; Giving clear orders to any relevant person; Assuring themselves of the facts. Chapter 3.1 1 2 3 3 3 Group exercise covering sessions 9-11 Session 10: Seizing relevant evidence The aim of this session is to make the trainee think about and: Consider what evidence is relevant to that infringement; Consider the evidence to be seized and the quantity of that evidence as it relates to: Fishing equipment; Undeclared species; Prohibited species; Undersized species; Paperwork; Electronic records. Chapter 3.2 1-6 Group exercise covering sessions 9-11 Session 11: Escorting vessels to port In this session the trainee should be made aware of: The problems inherent in escorting vessels to port where evidence cannot be taken off the vessel and has to be secured until arrival in port; The need to oversee the evidence seized until it can be removed from the vessel and assessed; The need to inform all relevant parties about the port of arrival, arrival time, staff requirements for inspection and berthing for the protection vessel. Chapter 3.3 1 1 1 Group exercise covering sessions 9-11 6 EFCA - CORE CURRICULUM FOR THE TRAINING OF FISHERIES INSPECTORS & UNION INSPECTORS