DOCUMENT NO. NCHH-68 NORTH CAROLINA HISTORY OF HEALTH DIGITAL COLLECTION. Medical Colleges in North Carolina [1928]

NORTH CAROLINA HISTORY OF HEALTH DIGITAL COLLECTION Medical Colleges in North Carolina [1928] DOCUMENT NO. NCHH-68 http://hsl.lib.unc.edu/specialcollections/nchealthhistory

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H00096006 L Medical Colleges in north Carolina, \«/ay

of t^e Di))i0ion of ^ealti) affairs OniDeMitp of Botti) Carolina:

MEDICAL COLLEGES IN NORTH CAROLINA J. HOWELL WAY, M.D., F.A.C.P. and L. B. MCBRAYER, M. D., F. A. C. P. Read before the Medical Society o! the State of North Carolina Pinehurst. Wednesday. May 2nd. 1928

MEDICAL COLLEGES IN CAROLINA NORTH J. HOWELL WAY, M.D., F.A.C.P. and L. B. MCBRAYER, M D., F. A. C. P.

136 THE MEDICAL SOCIETY OF THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA MEDICAL COLLEGES IN NORTH CAROLINA *J. HOWELL WAY, M.D., F.A.C.P. and L. B. MCBRAYER, M.D., F.A.C.P. In the earlier days of colonial North Carolina the physicians were men who had emigrated to America after pursuing their professional studies in Europe and for many years quite a number of the State's practitioners were young men who had enjoyed the advantages of study abroad. Later a large proportion had acquired their rights to pursue the profession of medicine by residence in the home of some other practitioner for a varying period of one to three years. Though at times the question of the organization of a college of regular medicine was broached in the Medical Society of the State, there was usually manifested a disposition adverse to such organization on acount of the small size of Carolina cities not offering much field for clinical study, coupled with inadequate funds for securing and maintaining proper equipment and teachers. THE FIRST MEDICAL COLLEGE TO BE CHARTERED IN NORTH CAROLINA WAS IN 1866 The Edenborough Medical College, at a place called "Edenborough Community," in Robeson County now Hoke. Dr. Hector McLean, the owner and faculty, was born in Robeson County May 1-ith, 1818, and died December 1st, 1877. Flora, wife of Dr. Hector McLean was born December 29, 1829, and died January 31, 1910. His father was born in Inverness, Scotland; all are buried at Edenborough in the family cemtery. The Community of Edenborough is now in Hoke County but was formerly in Robeson County, and was named by the elder McLean when he located there. Dr. Hector McLean graduated at the University of Louisville about 1840. He was a very brilliant man. and did many operations that are *NoTE During Dr. Way's last illness I promised to finish this work for liim and had an engagement to stop and go over the material he had, but unfortunately he died three days before the date. He had already requested me to secure data in regard to Edenborough Medical College which I did. I have used all of Dr. Way's material a4nd added to it or filled in such as seemed desirable. We are also indebted to Doctors Royster. Kitclien. Manning, and Latferty for information furnished L. B. McBaAVER.

(JENERAL SESSIONS l37 considered difficult even today. Among them were such operations as brain surgery, Halstead's operation for cancer of the breast. (One of his patients operated on for cancer of the breast, Mrs. Britt, lived to be more than eiglity years old and died in 1905.) Dr. McLean also operated for mastoid, and stone in the bladder, and used a seaton in the neck for epilepsy. It is reported that some good woman for whom he operated, finding that one of her negro slaves had epilepsy, gave the bov to Dr. McLean and he used a seaton which went under the ligamentum nuchae. This negro boy got well of his epilepsy. Dr. McLean also did hip joint amputation. He owned many slaves; had one of the finest libraries in the State at that time, and read much. The home of Dr. Hector McLean was considered the best in Robeson County. In 1866-67 the Legislature chartered the Edenborough Medical College. See Chapter LXVII. Laws 1866-67. For the next ten years he continued to conduct this Medical College and graduated a goodly number of men every year. He had one child, a son, Dr. Angus Murphy McLean, born March 6, 1855, and who, following his graduation with his father went to Philadelphia and took a course in one of the Colleges there. Dr. Angus Murphy McLean practised at the same place as his father, and for several years in Texas, coming back to Edenborough about 1881, and died there of tuberculosis February 8, 1888. Dr. Ben Person and his brother Dr. Joseph Person, of Wayne County, worked with Dr. McLean at different times. It is said that Dr. Ben Person was rather handy with his gun in those days, and would sometimes have to leave home, and when he did so he buried himself in the far distant land known as Robeson County, where there was little danger of being molested. This was a great distance at the time because of the mode of travel. You can go from the site of Edenborough Medical College and the home of Dr. McLean to the county seat of Wayne County now on any morning in time for breakfast. Dr. Joseph Person was the husband of the famous, or infamous Mrs. Joe Person of "Mrs. Joe Person's Remedy" fame, and it is thought likely that the formula for this widely advertised and widely used moneymaking remedy was probably a purloined prescription of Dr. Hector McLean. The College building was a two-story wooden building with eight rooms. The upper story was used as a residence for the medical students and they boarded with Dr. Hector McLean while studying medicine. The lower floor was used for medical college purposes, including an anatomical laboratory. The Edenborough Medical College was conducted in this building for ten years or little more, up to 1877, at which time Dr. Hector McLean died. Dr. McLean did all the teaching, without any help. The brick building occupied by Dr. McLean as an office is now standing. The Medical College building was destroyed by fire. Dr. McLean's practice extended from Randolph County to the South Carolina line, and over into South Carolina.

138 THE MEDICAL SOCIETY OF THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA Here are some of the graduates of Edenborough Medical College Dr. J. D. McNeill, Whiteville; Dr. Malone, Randolph County; Dr. William Ray, who lived near where the town of Raeford is now situated, at a place called Galatia. Dr. Denby, who lived and died at Hope Mills, and many others whose names are difficult to obtain. It is a fact that Dr. McLean taught medical students as a preceptor many years before the Edenborough Medical College was chartered. THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS The American Medical Association has some kind of information to to the effect that a medical college by the name of "The College of Physicians and Surgeons" existed in this state at a place called Arlington. It was not chartered by the state and so far as known did not graduate any one. It is rather doubtful that it ever existed. THE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA The School of Medicine of the University of North Carolina was established in 1889 under the direction of Dr. Thomas W. Harris. A course in theoretical and practical medicine, as was the custom at the time, was offered, but this plant was found impracticable and was abandoned in 1886. In 1890, however, a more orderly and logical arrangement of subjects of tfie medical course was begun, and it became possible for a university, without clinical facilities, to offer instruction in the elementary subjects. Dr. Richard H. Whitehead was then elected Dean and Professor of Anatomy, and under his guidance the School was reopened and has continued without interruption. In 1900, the Medical Course having been extended in the better class of schools to four years, the subjects of the first two years were offered at the University. In 1902 a Clinical Department was established at Raleigh, but after several years of unsuccessful effort to provide for its proper support, it was abandoned in 1910. In 1908 the School was admitted to membership in the Association of American Medical Colleges. THE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORIES A. The Biological Building, Davie Hall, is occupied by the Departments of Zoology and Botany. The building is a rectangular structure of pepper-and-salt brick and is divided into a main body and two wings. The total length is 125 feet, the depth of the main body 4-4 feet, that of the wings 38 feet. A basement underlies the whole, above which arc two floors. The main body has an additional third floor. The building faces south, lies to the east of the New East, and adjoins the Arboretum. The entrance hall, on the first floor, lighted with large windows on either side of the main doorway, serves for the exhibition of museum specimens of a more popular character. Back of the entrance hall are herbarium, a room for charts and other lecture apparatus, and a room

GENERAL SESSIONS 139 for the storage of zoological specimens. The west wing of this floor is occupied by a lecture room with a seating capactiy of one hundred and twenty, the east wing by a laboratory for the elementary classes in zoology and botany. The latter laboratory is arranged for twenty-four wall tables with a window in front of each table. On the second floor the east wing is occupied by a single large laboratory for advanced work in zoology and the west wing by a similar laboratory for advanced work in botanv. Each of these rooms accommodates twenty workers, and is lighted on three sides with twenty windows. The main building on the floor includes private workrooms for the professors of zoology and botany; two storerooms, and a library. On the third floor of the main body is a photographic studio with windows on the north side extending to the floor, and with skylights. In the basement are a fireproof incubator room, a room for micro-photography with adjoining dark room, janitor's shop, and rooms for the storage of heavy supplies. The wings in the basement are designed for the keeping of live animals and plants for experimental work in botany and zoology. THE MEDICAL LABORATORIES The new medical building, Caldwell Hall, completed in 1912, is located on the south side of Cameron Avenue opposite Davie Hall, facing north. This location secures the north light in all of the laboratories used for microscopic work. To the north is the main building, 117x64, and adjoining this, to the south, is a wing, 63x36, each containing a basement and two floors. The first floor of the main building is bisected from north to south by an entrance hall fourteen feet wide, and from east to west by a corridor eight feet wide, dividing the floor space into four equal parts. Each part is subdivided into one large class laboratory, 34x27, and two private laboratories. 14xl2l/o. The class laboratories lie next to the entrance hall. Those on the north side will be used for microscopic work in histology and embryology. They are lighted from five large windows on the north side. On the south side are the laboratories for physiological chemistry and experimental physiology. The private laboratories, located on the farther side of the class laboratories, are occupied by the instructors. The office of the Dean is in one of the private laboratories on this floor, and may be entered from the west end of the corridor. The second floor is a duplicate of the first floor with the exception that the space above the entrance hall is enclosed and is used for the Departmental Library. On the north side are the bacteriological and pathological laboratories, and on the south side the pharmacological laboratory and a lecture room. The laboratories here have the same arrangement as those on the first floor. Nearly opposite the pathological laboratory is the pathological museum. \t the ends of the corridors on the first and second floors are small fireproof rooms which will be used for incubators, thermostats, and other purposes requiring the continuous use of oil or gas lamps.

l^o THE MEDICAL SOCIETY OF THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA and are inclined to a common drain pipe. The rooms are well ventilated, lighted, and heated, and provided with all necessary facilities for proper sanitation. On the first floor of the wing adjoining the main building is the main lecture hall, and in the rear of this is the amphitheatre for anatomical demonstrations. In the rear of the amphitheatre is the Anatomical Museum. On the second floor of the wing are the anatomical laboratories. In the center, and occupying a large part of the floor space, is the main dissecting hall, which has a cement floor and is lighted by six large windows and two skylights. On either side of a short corridor at the front are two private laboratories for special dissections, and at the end of the corridor the two laboratories for the instructors. The latter are entered from the upper hall of the main building. In the rear of the main dissecting hall are the lavatory and locker rooms. The basement of the wing is divided by a solid brick wall from east to west. On the north of this wall are the two storerooms, a photographic room, a room for the refrigerating and gas plant; on the south side are the storage tanks for cadavers, the incinerator, and other arrangements for the care of anatomical material. In the rear end of the basement is an entrance hall containing the elevator and the stairs leading to the amphitheati-e and the dissecting hall. The dissecting hall is supplied with hot and cold water. The laboratories are well equipped with apparatus for the use of the students and the research work of the teachers. Animals are available in adequate numbers for all proper experimental work. Total number of students who have matriculated, 1190. FACULTY FOR THIRD AND FOURTH YEARS AT RALEIGH 1902-10 H. A. Royster, Dean, Professor of Gynecology W. I. Royster, Professor of Medicine. A. W. Knox, Professor of Surgery. R. H. Lewis, Professor of Diseases of the Eye and of General Hygiene. K. P. Battle, Professor of Diseases of Ear, Nose, and Throat. James McKee, Clinical Professor of Mental and Nervous Diseases. A. W. Goodwin, Professor of Diseases of the Skin, and of the Genitourinary System. H. M. M. Tucker, Professor of Obstetrics. J. W. McGee, Lecturer on Therapeutics. R. S. McGeachy, Chief of Dispensary. FACULTY AT UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA 1890 Dr. Richard H. Whitehead, Dean, Professor of Anatomy, 1890-1905, Physiology and Materia Medica. F. P. Venable, Professor of Chemistry. J. A. Holmes, Professor of Botany. J. W. Gore, Professor of Physics.

GENERAL SESSIONS 141 THE PRESENT TEACHING STAFF IS AS FOLLOWS! Harry Woodburn Chase, Ph.D., LL.D., President. Isaac Hall Manning, M.D., Dean. 1905 THE ADMINISTRATIVE BOARD Charles Staples Mangum. A.B.. M.D.. Professor of Anatomy. William DeBerniere MacXider, M.D., Kenan Research Professor Pharmacology. James Bell Bullitt, A.M., M.D., Professor of Pathology. Wesley Critz George, Ph.D., Professor of Histology and Embryology. Daniel Allan MacPherson, Sc.M., Associate Professor of Bacteriology. SPECIAL TEACHING STAFF Charles Staples Mangum. A.B., M.D., Professor of Anatomy. Isaac Hall Manning, M.D., Professor of Physiology. William DeBerniere MacNider, M.D., Kenan Research Professor of Pharmacology. James Bell Bullitt. A.M., M.D., Professor of Pathology. Wesley Critz George, Ph.D., Professor of Histology and Embryology, John Grover Beard, Ph.G., Professor of Pharmacy. Robert Baker Lawson, M.D., Associate Professor of Applied Anatomy. Daniel Allan MacPherson, Sc.M., Associate Professor of Bacteriology. Frederick Phillips Brooks, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Physiological Chemistry. Charles Lee Ferguson, Assistant in Anatomy. THE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA This College of Medicine has always been of the highest standard and has been grade A since the beginning of the grading of medical colleges by Flexner. Its two-year medical students are admitted to the third year of any of the best medical schools without examination. Dr. William DeB. MacXider has distinguished himself and this School of Medicine by his research in Pharmacology. His work is known and appreciated throughout the world of medicine. THE LEONARD MEDICAL SCHOOL OF SHAW UNIVERSITY The Leonard Medical School of Shaw University was established in 1882 under the presidency of Rev. H. M. Tupper, D.D. The first faculty was composed of two physicians: Dr. James McKee, who was Professor of Physiology and the Principles and Practices of Medicine, and Dr. F. A. Spafford, who was Professor of Anatomy and Materia Medica. At the end of the first session the following note was published: "In view of the facts that medical education among the colored people is in its infancy and also that the support of the students depends almost

142 THE MEDICAL SOCIETY OF THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA entirely upon a system of free scholarships furnished by benevolent individuals, the class of the last session which was the first, was under the tutorage of Drs. McKee and Spafford. The success, however, has been so great that another professor has been added for the ensuing year." The additional teacher was Dr. Kemp P. Battle, Jr., who was professor of surgery and obstetrics. There were eleven students registered during the sessions of 1882-83. A significant appointment appeared in the catalogue: "At the annual meeting of the Board of Trustees (of Shaw University) Dr. William W. Keen, of Philadelphia, was elected a Trustee." Dr. Keen served until 1895. A worthy ambition characterized the beginning of the school: "In making our second announcement we will state that it is our aim to follow as closely as possible the curriculum of study as pursued at Harvard and other first-class medical schools." With the opening of the next session Dr. Richard B. Haywood became professor of the principles and practices of medicine and Dr. Augustus W. Knox, professor of clinical and operative surgery, while the chair of obstetrics was vacant by reason of Dr. Battle's absence on leave for study in Europe. Dr. Richard H. Lewis was appointed visiting surgeon to the eye and ear department and consulting surgeon to the Leonard Medical School Hospital. Dr. Haywood served but two years and was retired on account of illness. Dr. Spafford resigned at the end of the session. The long service of Dr. Knox, beginning this year, lasted until the school was discontinued in 1914 a period of 31 years. In 1884-85 Dr. C. S. Pratt was made dean, the first incumbent to hold this office, and also was professor of anatomy and chemistry, the chair formerly filled by Dr. Spafford. Both of these gentlemen were from New England, coming to the school by invitation of President Tupper. Dr. Pratt served only one session. At this time Dr. R. H. Lewis was advanced to the professorship of ophthalmology, otology and rhinology, starting on his teaching career which also continued until 1914. In the year 1886 the school may be said to have entered upon its solid existence. Dr. James McKee was appointed dean, and held this office continuously until his resignation in 1909. Dr. W. I. Royster succeeded to the chair of principles and practice of medicine, filling the position until the disbanding in 1914, a term of 28 years. Dr. K. P. Battle, Jr., back from Europe, was made professor of physiology and kept the chair until the end. His brother, Herbert B. Battle, Ph.D., became professor of chemistry and resigned upon his removal from the state in 1899. Dr. A. W. Goodwin was appointed professor of anatomy, resigning in 1909. In 1892 Dr. G. A. Renn was professor of materia medica, but was succeeded the next session by William Simpson, Ph.G., who served until 1903, and who in addition founded the Department of Pharmacy. The chair of chemistry was filled for one year by H. K. Miller, M.S., to be followed by J. M. Pickel, Ph.D.. who held the chair during the remainder of the school's existence. The faculty which was thus formed in the session of 1886, with the few changes noted and with the additions later to be mentioned, virtually

GENERAL SESSIONS 143 continued intact for over 25 years. They bore the brunt of the teaching, fixed the policy of the institution, gave to it the character which it maintained throughout its life. Upon the death of Dr. Tupper, the presidency of Shaw University passed into the hands of Charles F. Meserve, LL.D. He assumed charge early in the year 1894. One of the immediate objects of his interest was the Leonard Medical School. No important changes in the faculty were made for several years, but Dr. Meserve built up interest among the alumni and prospective students, supplied the teaching force with enthusiasm, and encouraged both professors and pupils to go forward, more than that, he raised the requirements, advanced the standards and fought for high ideals in medical education. To Meserve more than to any other one man connected with the school is due the measure of success attained and the reputation of the school for sending out well-prepared colored men into the practice of medicine. During the thirty-two years of its existence 480 diplomas were issued by Leonard Medical School. Of these Dr. Meserve signed an even 400; the balance, 80 in number, received Dr. Tupper's signature. The entire medical profession of North Carolina is indebted to Charles F. Meserve for his insistence upon a thorough grounding in the fundamentals and careful training of the Negro men who essayed to enter upon the study of medicine. Many of these, now practicing in this state, and in different parts of this country, furnish evidence of the influence of this successful educator. The following physicians were connected with Leonard Medical School at various times in its last ten years or more: Dr. H. McKee Tucker, professor of histology, pathology and bacteriology (1902) and assistant professor of gynecology (1905-1914); C. B. Crowell, Ph.G., professor of materia medica (1904-1910); Dr. William Moncure, professor of histology, pathology, and bacteriology (1906) and dean (1910-1914); Dr. Ralph S. Stevens, professor of anatomy (1910-1914); Dr. Claude O. Abernethy, lecturer on therapeutics (1910) and professor of therapeutics (1912-1914); Dr. John B. Watson, instructor in pharmacology and therapeutics (1911-1914); Dr. J. G. Osborne (col.) demonstrator in the laboratories of pathology and bacteriology (1911-1914); Dr. A. S. Root, professor of pediatric's (1913-1914); Dr. H. B. Haywood, professor of physical diagnosis (1913-1914). During the last session (1914) Dr. Albert Anderson served as professor of nervous and mental diseases, with T. O. Coppedge as associate professor; also Dr. A. C. Campbell was professor of physiology and Dr. J. R. Lowery professor of gastro-enterology. On account of failure to secure adequate funds for endowment to meet the demands of the new day, the school was discontinued after 1914. NORTH CAROLINA MEDICAL COLLEGE, CHARLOTTE The North Carolina Medical College, Charlotte, North Carolina, was organized in 1887, at Davidson, as the Davidson School of Medicine, a preparatory school, by Paul B. Barringer, and this was taken over by Dr. J. P. Munroe in 1889, who was dean and faculty. At this time it was a preparatory school, not granting any degree, and in addition it was

144 THE MEDICAL SOCIETY OF THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA quite popular in preparing graduates for examination by the State Board of Medical Examiners. In 1893 it was chartered by our legislature under above mentioned name and in the same year graduated its first class. In 1907 it was moved to Charlotte and took the name of the North Carolina Medical College, where it continued its regular four years course until 1914 when it merged with the Medical College of Virginia, continuing a nominal existence until it could graduate the three classes that it at that time had started and then ceased to exist in 1918. According to the American Medical Association the North Carolina Medical College was rated in Class B in 1907, but on a further inspection in the following year it was found that no rating higher than Class C could be granted. Inasmuch as it merged with a Class A school in 1914, the classes which were graduated in 1915, 1916, and 1917 were recorded as having graduated from a Class B school. In the conditions of the merger it was stipulated that the North Carolina Medical College would retain a nominal existence until the three remaining classes were graduated. OFFICERS AND EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE CORPORATION Dr. John P. Munroe, President. Dr. Edward C. Register, Vice-President. Dr. Andrew J. Crowell, Secretary and Treasurer. FACULTY W. O. Nisbet, M.D., Professor of Diseases of the Digestive System and Dean of the Faculty. John P. Munroe, M.D., Professor Neurology and Practice of Medicine. I. W. Faison, M.D., Professor of Children and Clinical Medicine. E. C. Register, M.D., Professor Emeritus of Practice of Medicine. B. C. Nalle, M.D., Professor of the Principles and Practice of Medicine. R. L. Gibbon, M. D., Professor of Practice of Surgery. G. W. Pressly, M.D., Professor of Principles of Surgery. A. J. Crowell, M.D., Professor of Genito-Urinary Surgery. J. P. Matheson, M. D., Professor of Diseases of the Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat. A. M. Whisnant, M.D., Professor of Diseases of tlie Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat. W. D. Witherbee, M.D., Professor of Dermatology and Materia Medica. C. M. Strong, M.D., Professor of Gynecology. C. H. C. Mills, M.D., Professor of Obstetrics. C. N. Peeler, M.D., Professor of Anatomy and Chief of the Dispensary. R. H. Lafferty, M.D., Registrar and Professor of Chemistry and Physiology. L. B. Newell, M.D., Professor of Pathology and Practice of Medicine. J. C. Montgomery, M.D., Professor of Anaesthetics.

GENERAL SESSIONS 145 R. F. Leinbach, M.D., Professor of Bacteriology. J. K. Ross, M.D., Professor of Hygiene and Assistant in Medicine. P. M. King, M.D., Professor of Minor Surgery and Bandaging. C. A. Misenheimer, M.D., Clinical Professor of Surgery. F. L. Black, Professor of Medical Jurisprudence J. W. Squires, M.D., Professor of Rectal Diseases and Associate in Genito-Urinary Surgery. H. W. McKay, M.D., Professor of Physical Diagnosis. W. R. Engle, M.D., Clinical Professor of Tuberculosis. John Donnelly, M.D., Clinical Instructor of Tuberculosis. F. D. Austin. M.D.. Clinical Instructor in Rectal Diseases. Portia M. McKnight, M.D., Clinical Instructor in Practice of Medicine. Yates W. Faison. M.D., Associate Professor of Diseases of Children and Clinical Medicine. Oren Moore, M.D., Associate Professor of Gynecology. S. M. Crowell, M.D., Assistant in Neurology. C. S. McLaughlin, M.D., Assistant in Anatomy. J. Q. Myers, M.D.. Assistant in Obstetrics and Clinical Gynecology. Otho B. Ross, M.D., Assistant in Pathology and Clinical Medicine. THE WAKE FOREST SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT WAKE FOREST The Wake Forest School of Medicine, at Wake Forest, an integral part of Wake Forest College, was organized in 1902. It gives only the first two years of the regular four year medical course and has always been grade A since the grading of medical colleges began. The following are or have been professors of the Medical Department: F. K. Cooke, M.D., September 1902 May 1905. Professor of Anatomy, Bacteriology, and Pathology. W. S. Rankin. M.D., September 190.3-May 1909. Dean, 1905. Professor of Embryology, Histology, Bacteriology, and Pathology. Louis M. Gaine's, B.A., B.S., M.D., September 1905-May 1908. Professor of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology. Edgar Edgerton Stewart, M.D., September 1908-'May 1912. Professor of Anatomy and Pharmacology. John Bruce Powers. M.A.. M.D., September 1909-May 1914. William Turner Carstarphen, B.A.. M.D., September 1910-May 1917. Professor of Physiology. Edward S. Ruth, M.D., September 1912-May 1913. Professor of Anatomy. Wilbur C. Smith, M.D., September 1913-May 1916. Professor of Anatomy. ^ Herbert D. Taylor, B.A., M.D., September 1914-May 1915. Professor of Pathology and Bacteriology. Roswell E. Flack, B. A., M.D.', September 1915-May 1916. Professor of Pathology and Bacteriology. Eugene A. Case, M.D., September 1916-May 1917. Professor of Pathology and Bacteriology.

14-6 THE MEDICAL SOCIETY OF THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA / G. Alfred Aiken, M.D., September 1916-May 1919. Professor of Anatomy, Embryology, and Histology. Thurman D. Kitchin, M.D., B.A., September 1917. Dean 1919. Professor of Physiology and Pharmacology. Luther T. Buchanan, B.A., M.D., September 1917-May 1920. Professor of Pathology, Bacteriology, and Histology. W. G. Dotson, B.S., September 1915-May 1918. Instructor in Chemistry and Bio-Chemistry. Walter F. Taylor, September 1918, Insftrud^or in Physiological Chemistry. September 1920-May 1927, Professor of Physiological Chemistry and Bacteriology. Herbert M. Vann, B.S., M.A., M.D., Professor of Anatomy. September 1919-May 1926. Feb. 1928 Charles Phillips, B.A., M.D., September 1920-May 1927. Professor of Pathology and Physical Diagnosis. H. N. Gould, Ph.D., September 1920-1922 (3). Professor of Embryology and Histology. C. E. Wilson, B.A., M.A., September 1922, Acting Professor of Histology and Embryology. September 1923-May 1925, Professor of Histology and Embryology. Tyree C. Wyajt, B.A., M.D., September 1924.-January 1925. Professor of Pathology and Physical Diagnosis. J. J. Tyson, B.A., M.A., September 1924-May 1926. Instructor in Histology and Embryology. Fountain W. Carroll, B.A., M.A., M.D., September 1925-May 1926. Professor of Pathology and Physical Diagnosis. O. C. Bradbury, B.S., M.A., Ph.D., September 1925- Professor of Histology and Embryology. Coy C. Carpenter, B.A., M.D., September 1926- Professor of Pathology and Physical Diagnosis. William A. Johnson, B.A., M.D., September 1926-November 1927. Professor of Anatomy. T. M. Mayfield, B.A., September 1926-May 1927. Instructor in Histology and Embryology. E. S.'King, B-A.,"M.D., September 1927- Professor of Physiological Chemistry and Bacteriology. N. A. Hayes, B.A., September 1927- Instructor in Histology and Embryology. THE FOLLOWING COMPOSE THE FACULTY OF 1928: Francis Pendleton Gaines, M.A., Ph.D., President. Thurman D. Kitchin, B.A., M.A., M.D., Dean and Professor of Physiology and Pharmacology. Coy C. Carpenter, B.A., M.D., Professor of Pathology and Physical Diagnosis. Herbert M. Vann, S.B., M.A., M.D., Professor of Anatomy. *W. F. Taylor, B.S., M.A., Professor of Physiological Chemistry and Bacteriology.

GENERAL SESSIONS 14-7 O. C. Bradburg, B.S. M.A., Ph.D., Professor of Histology and Embryology. E. S. King, B.A., M.D., Professor of Physiological Chemistry and Bacteriology. N. A. Hayes, B.A., Instructor in Histology and Embryology. H. W. Wright, Assistant in Histology and Embryology. M. B. Holoman, Assistant in Physiology and Pharmacology. J. N. Reeves, Assistant in Anatomy. V. H. Duckett, Assistant in Bacteriology. P. T. McBee, Assistant in Pathology. L. R. Shaw, Librarian. Aim and Scope. The School of Medicine was established in May, 1902. It combines three years of academic training with two years of medical training in such a way as to preserve the. advantages of each, and at the same time make it possible for students to graduate with the baccalaureate degree and the medical degree in seven years. Upon the completion of this work the college confers the degree of Bachelor of Science in Medicine, which admits the students to the third year in a medical college. Thus, time and expense are saved by this combination. This school undertakes to teach only those branches of medicine which can be taught as thoroughly in the small village as in the large city, namely, the laboratory studies in medicine, which form the pure science foundation of the professional course. These branches are: anatomy, physiology, physiological chemistry, physical diagnosis, minor surgery, pharmacology, toxicology and pharmacy, histology, embryology, bacteriology, and pathology. Certification. Certificates of recommendation for advanced standing in medical colleges are given to those students who have received the degree of the Bachelor of Science in Medicine, or have completed the two-year medical course. Such students are admitted to advanced standing without examination in medical colleges proper. Equipment. The School of Medicine is adequately equipped with suitable laboratories, apparatus and material. The Alumni Building, constructed especially for laboratory purposes, is 65 by 80 feet, and three stories high. In it are the anatomical, physiological, histological, embryological, bacteriological, pathological, biological, bio-chemical, pharmacological and toxicological laboratories. Besides these there are private laboratories for the professors. A Medical Society has been instituted in which, with the cooperation of the Departments of Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, and Pharmacology, students are required to meet for discussion of published papers, and to prepare papers on the subject assigned for the month. All students have access to the leading scientific journals bearing upon the work of the above-mentioned departments. A medical library of reference volumes and important journals, maintained by the William Edgar Marshall Memorial Fund and Bryan Spivj Bazemore Memorial Fund, is in the medical building in charge of a special librarian. Students are required from time to time to abstract and discuss important topics treated in the various journals. The Pennell Memorial Medical Library is housed in the general library.

148 THE MEDICAL SOCIETY OF THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MEDICINE To be entitled to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Medicine the student must have completed the following courses: Academic: English 1-2, 3-4 (12 hours). Mathematics 1-2 (6 hours). German 1-2, 5-6; French 1-2, 3-4 (12 semester hours of either language). Bible (3 hours). Philosophy 1 (3 hours). Social Science (3 hours). Chemistry 1-2 (10 hours). Chemistry 3 (3 hours). Chemistry 5-6 (4 hours). Chemistry 8 (2 hours). Chemistry 10 (2 hours). Biology 1-2 (8 hours). Biology 11, 12 (8 hours). Physics 3-4 or % Physics 3 and Physics 1-2 (10 hours). Physical Education, 2 years. Electives, 9 semester hours. No courses in elementary foreign languages may be counted among these electives. Latin A-B, 1-2, or Greek 1-2 may in special cases be substituted for the foreign language requirement named above. PROFESSIONAL: First Year Anatomy 1, Embryology, Histology, Physiological Chemistry, Physiology. Second Year Applied Anatomy, Bacteriology, Hygiene, Pathology, Pharmacology, Physical Diagnosis, Physiology 2, Surgery Toxicology. REPORT OF COMMITTEE TO CONSIDER FOUR-YEAR MEDI CAL SCHOOL TO BE ESTABLISHED BY THE STATE UNIVERSITY (From Transactions of Medical Society of the State of North Carolina, 1923, p. 92*, 93.) The following report was read by Dr. 1. W. Faison, Chairman, and, upon motion, was accepted: Upon the request of Dr. H. W. Chase, President of the University of North Carolina, a committee consisting of Drs. 1. W. Faison, Chairman, Charlotte; A. J. Crowell, Charlotte; J. T. J. Battle, Greensboro; J. H. Shuford, Hickory; C. M. Van Poole, Salisbury; E. T. Dickinson. Wilson; L. B. McBrayer, Sanatorium; W. L. Dunn, Asheville; H. H. Briggs, Asheville; David T. Tayloe, Washington; J. F. Highsmith, Fayetteville; J. V. McGougan, Fayetteville: Foy Roberson, Durham; Fred W. Hanes, Winston-Salem; W. P. Holt, Duke; J. Howell Way, Waynesville; E. J. Wood, Wilmington; E. M. Mclver, Jonesville; Cyrus Thompson, Jacksonville; W. F. Hargrove, Kinston; J. M. Parrott, Kinston; C. O'H. Laughinghouse, Greenville; Ivan P. Battle, Rocky Mount; Thos. E. Anderson, Statesville; A. C. Everett, Rockingham; Peter John, Laurinburg; W. H, Cobb, Goldsboro; R. H. Lewis, W. S. Rankin and Hubert Royster, Raleigh, was appointed by Dr. J. Wesley Long, president of the Medical Society of the State of North Carolina to investigate and recommend whether or not a Class A four-year medical school should be established in connection with the State University. I called the committee to meet at the Yarborough Hotel, in Raleigh, October 10, 1922. All the members of the committee were present except six. After varied and long discussions, pro and con. we voted unanimously to recommend the establishment of a Class A four-year graduating school.

GENERAL SESSIONS 1*9 The question of location was then discussed and a vote taken to establish it at the University, by a large majority. With a vote to reconsider and with a fuller discussion, a vote was taken to eliminate the word "university," and to recommend, if such a school should be established, that wherever so established all four years should be at the same place. Some time after the Trustees of the University were called together in Raleigh to decide about the school, and that day voted to postpone action. A delegation from Charlotte asked to be heard. After a free discussion, the Trustees changed their position and agreed to recommend to the legislature the establishing of the school at once, with an appropriation sufficient to put it on its feet. A few days later they met again for the purpose of selecting the place, later they met again for the purpose of selecting the place to locate the school. Charlotte, Durham, Raleigh, Greensboro contended for the location of the school at one of thelse places, and the Trustees voted to refer the matter to the legislature. The report from Maxwell and Company that the state finances would show a $5,000,000 deficit struck the legislature with utter dismay, and with the invisible influence of the University people the whole matter was laid away in a deadly sleep. I think that if the doctors in North Carolina had done their full duty and demanded what I believe to be one of the state's greatest needs, the school would have been established, and at the best place. I predict that not far in the future the school will be. Upon motion of Dr. Cyrus Thompson, the committee was instructed to continue its activities and report at the next annual meeting of the Society. The committee did not seem to function after this. It is rather notable that Dr. Foy Roberson of Durham, asked to be excused from voting, on the ground that should it be found later that it would be more desirable to locate a medical school in Durham, he would prefer that he be not recorded as voting against it. He was of course excused. DUKE UNIVERSITY formerly TRINITY COLLEGE In 1887 a young Pennsylvanian, Dr. John Franklin Crowell, came to this state as the president of Trinity College, a small country college in Randolph County, organized in 1838 and chartered by the state in 1853. Largely through Dr. Crowell's efforts the sympathetic interests of Mr. Washington Duke and Mr. Julian S. Carr, both citizens of the growing young city of Durham, were enlisted and a site and cash for new buildings were secured, and the college moved to Durham. At the conjoint session of the North Carolina State Board of Health with the State Medical Society in Oxford, N. C, the president, Dr. H. T, Bahnson (Trans. 1890, page 31) announced that "The Board of Health has been applied to in relation, he was happy to say, to the building of one educational institution, with request that it inspect and commend or condemn, as may be, the plans of that building from a sanitary standpoint. He alluded to the new Trinity College to, be erected in Durham.'

150 THE MEDICAL SOCIETY OF THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA It seems that Duke University known formerly as Trinity College has for many years been interested in, and willing to take part in the establishment of a first class medical college. The following is perhaps the only old record in regard to such willingness and is taken from a copy of the State Chronicle, under date of Tuesday, March 24, 1891. Josephus Daniels was owner and editor of the Chronicle at the time. TRINITY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT A SCHOOL OF MEDICINE PLANNED BY PROMINENT STATE MEDICAL MEN It Is to Be a Great School Not to Be Surpassed by Anything of Its Kind in the South the Plan Drawn A School of Medicine in North Carolina at last! That is the good news we hear from a recent conference of medical men in Durham. On Wednesday last, President John F. Crowell, of Trinity College, met by appointment in Durham the following prominent medical men and held a conference with them: Dr. W. T. Cheatham, of Henderson; Supt. William R. Wood, of the State Insane Asylum; Dr. J. M. Hays, of Oxford; Dr. Robert Young, of Concord; Dr. George W. Long, of Graham; Dr. J. W. Byers, of Charlotte; Dr. A. G. Carr, of Durham; and Dr. W. H. Whitehead, of Tarboro. It was yet in the minds of medical men over the state that Dr. William R. Wood, superintendent of the State Insane Asylum, had at the last two meetings of the Medical Association introduced and advocated a resolution to appoint a committee on the part of the Association to confer with a like committee from the Board of Trustees of the University with reference to the establishment of a Department of Medicine. It was remembered that this was voted down. Acting upon the belief that their hope in that direction was gone, this meeting in Durham was held with President Crowell, of Trinity College, in order to see how such a department could be established at Trinity College in Durham. It was decided that a school be established to be called the Medical Department of Trinity College. It is to have seven distinct professorships, as follows: Professor of Anatomy Professor of Physiology Professor of Practice Professor of Surgery Professor of Materia Medica Professor of Obstetrics Professor of Chemistry. The school shall be first class in every respect, and have nothing but first-class instructors, laboratories, etc. A first class hospital shall be built in connection with it, and President Crowell was instructed to look after the possibility of raising the funds to build separate buildings.

GENERAL SESSIONS 151 The following prominent medical men have been mentioned as probable members of the faculty: Dr. J. M. Hays, of Oxford, Professor of Anatomy; Dr. H. T. Bahnson. of Salem, Professor of Surgery; Dr. William R. Wood, of Raleigh, Professor of Practice; Rev. W. H. Pegram, Professor of Chemistry. The chairs have not been assigned as yet, but the following are mentioned to fill the others: Drs. Byers, of Charlotte; Cheatham, of Henderson; and Young, of Concord. Dr. A. G. Carr, of Durham, will have charge of the dissecting room. These are the plans. We hope they will be carried out and with such a man as Dr. John Franklin Crowell at its head we can count on a big success. Every year North Carolina gives $50,000 worth of patronage to other states, and she can then save it to herself. Such an institution could be made a great success, and we hope it will. If the legislature arranges it so that a graduate of that school can be granted license on his diploma (as is done by other states) then most all of our young men will get their education here. Let the good work go on. * * * * Suffice it to say that the School of Medicine did not materialize that time. Prior to this Dr. S. D. Booth of Oxford, at session of the Medical Societ}' of the State of North Carolina, 1885, offered a resolution looking toward the establishment of a Medical Department at the University of North Carolina. Much of interest in regard to the establishment of a Medical Department in connection with Trinity College is found in the Transactions of 1891 session. The following are extracts from the president's address by Dr. R. H. Lewis: If the legislature arranges so that a graduate of that school can be granted license on his diploma (as is done by other states), then most all of our young men will get their education here. "Let the good work go on." I have been informed by Dr. Bahnson, whose name has been associated with the enterprise, that he would not consent to even consider - should it be made to him a proposition to join in the proposed school except upon the assurance that it was to be only preparatory. I have also read the editorial in the April N. Y. Medical Journal saying that its reports as to the character of the school were "somewhat exaggerated," but these statements are not authoritative enough to relieve me the duty of at least bringing the matter before you. Still they do relieve the situation to a certain extent, so that what I shall have to say on the subject is based on a hypothesis. If, then, these reports represent at all correctly the intents of the authorities of Trinity College, I cannot, as a faithful sentinel on the watch-tower, say, "all's well." On the contrary, I believe conscientiously that I would be derelict were I not to sound the alarm. At the New Bern meeting the committee to which was referred the resolution to take steps for the establishment of a Medical Department at the University of the state, made the following report; * * * That in their opinion, there is no necessity for the addition of a Medical at

152 THE MEDICAL SOCIETY OF THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA Department to the State University, and that, at present, the scheme is utterly impracticable. It is, furthermore, the opinion of the undersigned that neither the interest in the profession nor the public would be advanced by the establishment of such a department. In a word, that the interest of the profession and the public would be more enhanceed by the support of a few good schools than by the establishment of many bad ones. (Signed) C. J. O'Hagan, T. D. Haigh, H. T. Bahnson, J. Graham. Although much interested in the success and renown of the University, I thoroughly endorsed that report, and since that time I have been only the more confirmed in my opinion that it was eminently wise and is as applicable now as then. It is so self-evident that location in a large city is a sine qua non to a first class Medical School granting diplomas, that I will not take up your time arguing the matter. North Carolina has no such city and it therefore follows that the establishment of a school of such pretensions within our borders is to be deprecated. The mere suggestion of applying to the legislature for a change in our laws to exempt the graduates of that, or any other Medical School, from examination by the Board of Medical Examiners of the State, should fill us with apprehension. By the passage of such amendment, practically all that we have accomplished in the way of legislation for the advancement of the profession in the past thirty years would at one shot be obliterated. Our dear old state, that, as far as results are concerned, was the pioneer in the movement to regulate the practice of medicine by law, by having those offering their services to her people passed upon by a disinterested, and therefore a purely unprej udiced board would lose her proud position in the very forefront of the line of medical progress and be relegated to the rear. Any movement looking to that end would probably meet with so disastrous and earnest an opposition on the part of the best friends of real medical advancement as to insure its defeat; but the mere agitation of the subject before the legislature would be fraught with danger. The laity neither understand nor appreciate, as they ought, the value to them, as well as to ourselves, of our license law; the talk of keeping money in the state is mighty with the average legislature, the school would have its special funds, and there would surely be a number who, for one cause or another, would be against all restrictions on the practice of medicine; and the danger of the passage of the amendment, or a repeal of the whole statute, let me assure you, fellow-members, would not be an imaginary one. I do not believe that the gentlemen whose names have been associated with the undertaking would knowingly do aught to impune the profession. Nor can the Society claim the right to prescribe the character of the enterprise its members may undertake, provided they are ethical; still, there can certainly be no question as to the propriety and advisability of an expression of opinion on anything likely to place in jeopardy the

GENERAL SESSIONS 153 valuable results of years of effort on its part. And just at this juncture, it would not only be proper, but wise (it certainly can do no harm and it might do good), for the Society, in a suitably framed resolution, to emphatically pronounce against the establishment in our state of anything in the way of a medical school more pretentious than a purely and exclusively preparatory one, embodying in its curriculum the fundamental branches of anatomy, physiology, materia medica, and chemistry, with the sciences collateral to medicine. A school of this character at Trinity would of course be as unobjectionable as those now in existence. In the resolution suggested it would also be well to incorporate a formal expression of opinion as to the minimum facilities of instruction and requirements for graduation on the part of the college that would receive the endorsement and support of the Society. Dr. Crowell, president of Trinity College, was accorded the privilege of addressing the State Medical Society in regard to reference made by President Lewis in annual address to Medical Department at Trinity, said: He, by virtue of his office, was pledged to elevate the standard of education for all classes of the people in North Carolina. Understanding that the Medical Society was not satisfied, et cetera, he had asked several doctors to meet with him to talk the matter over. Which was done. No recommendation made. Would need ample endorsement. Dr. S. D. Booth said the society was opposed to "one horse" medical school. Dr. George W. Long^ for above referenced committee, reported: First, we unanimously agreed that we would not consider the proposition to establish the Medical Department (above referred to) unless sufficient endowment was guaranteed, the income from which would be ample to pay the salaries of the profession and all the expense of said Medical Department without in any way depending on fees from students. Second, we did not propose to in any way amend the Medical Laws of North Carolina, but on the contrary, emphatically said that any man receiving a diploma from said Medical College should be abundantly able to meet all requirements of the Board of Medical Examiners. Third, as the statement has been made on the floor of this Medical Society, that North Carolina did not possess the talent to fill the professorships, we desire to state further, that this conference in no way intimated from what quarter of the globe the professors should be chosen, but distinctly said that, with sufficient endowment, the best talent could and should be commanded. We respectfully submit the report and ask the Medical Society of the State of North Carolina to make a record of the same. (Signed) Geo. W. Long Robt. S. Young Wm. R. Wood W. T. Cheatham J. M. Hays A. G. Carr.

154 THE MEDICAL SOCIETY OF THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA REPORT ON PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS Sec. 4. While we heartily commend the establishment of preparatory school of medicine at convenient points in our state, we believe it is inexpedient and averse to the best interests of the profession to countenance the organization of a college of medicine in the state unless it can afford to its students advantages in every way equal to those afforded by the best schools in the large cities of our country. W. P. Beall J. Howell Way Frank W. Brown Committee. About the latter part of 1920 or early part of 1921, Dr. W. P. Few, who was then the President of Trinity College, now Duke University, had a conference with Mr. George W. Watts of Durham, looking toward the establishment of a medical school, using Watt's Hospital in Durham for clinical teaching, and presumably the school of medicine to be operated by Trinity College. This would no doubt have called for the great enlargement of Watts' Hospital. Mr. Watts' untimely death precluded further consideration of this plan. While the thinking men both in and out of the medical profession were agreed on the necessity of a four-year medical school in North Carolina, and were almost unanimous in the belief that it should be established in connection with the State University, and while judging from the report made by Dr. I. W. Faison, chairman of a committee from the State Medical Society quoted elsewhere, the authorities of the University, including the trustees, were apparently unwilling to announce themselves as favoring it and as being ready to move. The president of Duke University, then Trinity College, Dr. W. P. Few, was willing and ready to cooperate to the fullest, as evidenced by a letter to Mr. John Sprunt Hill, who was chairman of the Medical School Committee of the Durham Chamber of Commerce, president of the Board of Directors of Watts' Hospital and a member of the Board of Trustees of the University. The letter follows: Mr. John Sprunt Hill Durham, North Carolina February 8, 1923. Dear Mr. Hill: I am writing to you as chairman of the Medical School Committee of the Durham Chamber of Commerce and President of the Board of Trustees of the Watts Hospital. The "Durham plan" for a medical school, as I understand the plan, has included the undertaking to raise $50,000 a year for running expenses. This was to be just a first step towards a large medical school to which the General Assembly would be asked now or later to authorize the issue of $4,000,000 in bonds or provide the equivalent in annual appropriations to be available for the school when an equal amount is secured from other sources. And the medical school was to be controlled by a board of fifteen trustees to be appointed by the governor of the state without restrictions.

GENERAL SESSIONS 155 As you know, it has been announced that the undertaking to raise $500,000 towards a small beginning of a medical school has been abandoned; and it may not seem to you to be wise to try to go on with the larger undertaking contemplated in the "Durham plan." I therefore hope that you, your committee, and your trustees will feel free to offer to the trustees of the University of North Carolina for their medical department the cooperation of the Watts Hospital and whatever else you may have to offer, if that seems to be the wise course to pursue. While as of course you know, this is now purely a Durham plan and Trinity College has nothing whatever to do with it, I cannot let this occasion go by without telling you how deeply I appreciate your cooperation with me in all that I have tried to do for medical education, and how deeply I appreciate the cooperation of the citizens of Durham whenever they have had opportunity to cooperate. I am just as willing now as I have ever been to work for a first class medical school. And I will be completely loyal to the larger Durham plan until it succeeds or is finally thrown aside. Since there is considerable public interest in the subject, I am today giving the substance of this letter to the state press. With sentiments of personal esteem and sincere good wishes, I am Cordially yours, Copies to: Mr. M. E. Newsom Governor Morrison (Signed) W. P. Few. With so much interest throughout the state in the establishment of a four year medical college, and with things happening so rapidly or perhaps I should say with the changing of view points and policies so rapidly, it was but natural that rumors would spread quickly and widely, and so President Few felt the need of making a public statement in regard to his recent attitude and actions in connection therewith. And so President W. P. Few authorized a brief statement which is essentially the same as a letter he sent December 22, 1922, to editorial writers of the state concerning the proposed medical school for North Carolina. The statement follows: "My interest in a medical school has brought an amount and kind of publicity that I was not prepared for. It is true that I had been thinking about a medical school for several years and have for some time had plans in which I have sought to interest others. But before these plans matured another movement for a medical school was started this one by the University of North Carolina. "It then occurred to me that since we needed one medical school but not two, it might be well to see if we could assure success for one good medical school by uniting the two movements. I talked with President Chase and Governor Morrison about this possibility and they both thought well of it, and I have talked with two committees appointed to deal with this whole problem. "I have said that I thought to build and found a first class medical school would require a minimum of eight million dollars, and I have

156 THE MEDICAL SOCIETY OF THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA expressed by belief that the goal might be reached if a sound plan could be agreed upon. I stated to the committee that if a workable plan of cooperation between the University of North Carolina and Trinity College could be found, I would undertake to secure one half of the amount. "I have never said that I had the money, but that I believed I could raise it, and I would not have made such a statement if I had not had good reason to believe that in due time I could succeed in the undertaking." Another interesting angle is that when the committee of 22 physicians from the State Medical Society to consider the four year Medical School, heretofore referred to, was about to vote on the matter and recommend that it be established at the State University, by an almost unanimous vote, Dr. Foy Roberson of Durham asked to be excused from voting for the reason that should it later turn out that the Medical School would be established in Durham, he would not like to be on record as having voted against it. He was of course excused. The fact that the four year Medical School at the University was abandoned, at least until some indefinite time in the far distant future, did not deter President Few for he had seen his own tentative plans abandoned in the past, but his fertile brain kept its guns constantly trained on the idea, and his visions materialized on December 11, 1924, when the late James Benjamin Duke created the Duke foundation, and provided that four million dollars should be used for the erection of buildings for the Medical School and Hospital, and also provided ample income for maintenance, the exact amount to be allocated by the trustees of this foundation from time to time. Ground was broken for these buildings August 1927. On January 20, 1927, Dr. Wilburt C. Davison, vice dean of John Hopkins and Professor of Pediatrics in that great Medical School, was selected Dean of the Medical School of Duke University, and entered upon his duties immediately. The hospital in connection with Duke University to be used for teaching clinical medicine will provide about 400 beds. It is hoped that the School of Medicine and the Hospital will be ready to open by October 1930. The President and Trustees of Duke University and the Dean of its Medical School have a most wonderful opportunity and likewise a great responsibility. Unhampered by buildings and equipment out of date, unhampered by members of faculty that might be equally out of date, with ample money for construction and maintenance, they are commissioned to build de novo the greatest and best Medical School in the world. All peoples and nations of the world, and particularly those of us in the Carolinas are to be congratulated. And thus materializes the vision, projected by much thought and much study, of one of the great men of our state, Dr. W. P. Few, President of Duke University, and his worthy predecessor. Dr. John Franklin Crowell.