Knss Agriulturl Experiment Sttion Reserh Reports Volume 3 Issue 2 Southest Agriulturl Reserh Center Reports Artile 5 Jnury 217 Comprison of Two Orgni Tre Minerl Supplements for Cows Grzing Tll Fesue J. K. Frney Knss Stte University, jkj@ksu.edu Follow this nd dditionl works t: http://newpririepress.org/kesrr Prt of the Other Animl Sienes Commons Reommended Cittion Frney, J. K. (217) "Comprison of Two Orgni Tre Minerl Supplements for Cows Grzing Tll Fesue," Knss Agriulturl Experiment Sttion Reserh Reports: Vol. 3: Iss. 2. https://doi.org/1.4148/2378-5977.1374 This report is brought to you for free nd open ess by New Pririe Press. It hs been epted for inlusion in Knss Agriulturl Experiment Sttion Reserh Reports by n uthorized dministrtor of New Pririe Press. Copyright Jnury 217 Knss Stte University Agriulturl Experiment Sttion nd Coopertive Extension Servie. Contents of this publition my be freely reprodued for edutionl purposes. All other rights reserved. Brnd nmes ppering in this publition re for produt identifition purposes only. K-Stte Reserh nd Extension is n equl opportunity provider nd employer.
Comprison of Two Orgni Tre Minerl Supplements for Cows Grzing Tll Fesue Abstrt The purpose of this study ws to determine the effets of two soures of orgni tre minerl nd two soures of mgnesium supplementtion on ow performne of springlving ows on K31 endophyte-infeted fesue. The two tretments were orgni tre minerls (zin (Zn), opper (Cu), nd mngnese (Mn)) offered free hoie s n mino-id helte with mgnesium (Mg) s n mino id helte () or orgni tre minerl supplement with mino-id omplex with mgnesium supplied s mgnesium oxide (). Minerl ws offered free-hoie beginning 3 dys before breeding seson on 4 rnhes with 6 pstures per tretment (ows n = 23). Blood smples were olleted prior to minerl supplementtion nd t pregnny evlution nd serum ws nlyzed for Mg, Zn, Cu, nd Mn. One rnh hd n nplsmosis event, therefore nlysis ws ompleted with nd without this rnh. Pregnny rte ws not different (P =.46) when ll 4 rnhes were nlyzed even though pregnny rtes were 89.3 nd 92.9% for nd, respetively. Cows on the minerl lved 6 dys erlier (P =.4). When removing the nplsmosis rnh, pregnny rte ws loser to pprohing tendeny for differene (P =.15) with pregnny rtes of 95.5 nd 87.2% for nd, respetively, with tendeny (P =.12) for ows to lve 5 dys erlier. All serum minerl levels were lower t pregnny detetion thn initil blood drw primrily due to redution in minerl levels in fesue lte in summer nd redution in intke t the end of the projet. Serum Mg tended (P =.11) to sty more stble with the minerl suh tht the differene in finl nd initil Mg were similr. Serum Zn, Cu, nd Mn were not different (P >.1) with the exeption of some rnh-to-rnh vritions. Additionlly, intke ws 6% lower thn. Even with the lower intke of the minerl, serum minerl levels were similr between both tretments; this indites tht minerls re more biovilble. Overll, helted minerls pper to provide n dvntge to spring-lving ows on K31 fesue espeilly from helted mgnesium soure. Keywords endophyte, spring-lving, serum minerl, mino id omplex, mino id helte Cretive Commons Liense This work is liensed under Cretive Commons Attribution 4. Liense. Cover Pge Footnote This study ws funded by Nuteh Biosienes, In, Oneid, NY, with the oopertion of Chris Shuetze. The uthor ppreites the use of the ttle by the four produers in this study s well s the lol extension gents who helped to develop these reltionships nd helped with smple olletion. This Beef Cttle Mngement rtile is vilble in Knss Agriulturl Experiment Sttion Reserh Reports: http://newpririepress.org/kesrr/vol3/iss2/5
217 SEARC Agriulturl Reserh Comprison of Two Orgni Tre Minerl Supplements for Cows Grzing Tll Fesue J.K. Frney Summry The purpose of this study ws to determine the effets of two soures of orgni tre minerl nd two soures of mgnesium supplementtion on ow performne of springlving ows on K31 endophyte-infeted fesue. The two tretments were orgni tre minerls (zin (Zn), opper (Cu), nd mngnese (Mn)) offered free hoie s n mino-id helte with mgnesium (Mg) s n mino id helte () or orgni tre minerl supplement with mino-id omplex with mgnesium supplied s mgnesium oxide (). Minerl ws offered free-hoie beginning 3 dys before breeding seson on 4 rnhes with 6 pstures per tretment (ows n = 23). Blood smples were olleted prior to minerl supplementtion nd t pregnny evlution nd serum ws nlyzed for Mg, Zn, Cu, nd Mn. One rnh hd n nplsmosis event, therefore nlysis ws ompleted with nd without this rnh. Pregnny rte ws not different (P =.46) when ll 4 rnhes were nlyzed even though pregnny rtes were 89.3 nd 92.9% for nd, respetively. Cows on the minerl lved 6 dys erlier (P =.4). When removing the nplsmosis rnh, pregnny rte ws loser to pprohing tendeny for differene (P =.15) with pregnny rtes of 95.5 nd 87.2% for nd, respetively, with tendeny (P =.12) for ows to lve 5 dys erlier. All serum minerl levels were lower t pregnny detetion thn initil blood drw primrily due to redution in minerl levels in fesue lte in summer nd redution in intke t the end of the projet. Serum Mg tended (P =.11) to sty more stble with the minerl suh tht the differene in finl nd initil Mg were similr. Serum Zn, Cu, nd Mn were not different (P >.1) with the exeption of some rnh-to-rnh vritions. Additionlly, intke ws 6% lower thn. Even with the lower intke of the minerl, serum minerl levels were similr between both tretments; this indites tht minerls re more biovilble. Overll, helted minerls pper to provide n dvntge to spring-lving ows on K31 fesue espeilly from helted mgnesium soure. Introdution Filure to breed is the number one ulling riteri for beef ttle opertions. One of the most diffiult mngement systems to breed ows is spring-lving opertions on endophyte-infeted fesue. One issue with endophyte-infeted fesue is tht it n rise the body temperture of the ow, whih negtively impts ow breeding suess. Coneption issues utomtilly rise due to the effet of hot wether while breeding, 1
217 SEARC Agriulturl Reserh nd the inrese in body temperture ssoited with ttle grzing endophyte-infeted K-31 fesue. Inorporting mngement prties to improve reprodutive suess should led to inresed revenue nd sustinbility for ttle produers. Orgni forms of minerl hve lredy been estblished to improve reprodutive suess, versus non-orgni forms. This study will look t the bility of metl mino id omplex versus heltes to offset some of the prodution issues ssoited with highendophyte fesue. Therefore, the objetive of this study is to determine the performne effets of supplementing ows on K-31 fesue with metl mino id heltes () versus metl mino id omplex (). Experimentl Proedures This experiment ws pproved by Knss Stte University Institutionl Animl Cre nd Use Committee prior to projet being ompleted. Four rnhes with totl of 23 spring-lving ows in southest Knss nd southwest Missouri were used in ompletely rndomized blok design where ows were offered one of two different orgni minerl supplements beginning 3 dys prior to breeding seson nd ending t pregnny exm. The two tretments were free-hoie minerl supplied where the opper (Cu), zin (Zn), nd mngnese (Mn) re offered in the omplex form (Avil-4, Zinpro Corp, Eden Pririe, MN; ) or minerl supplied where the Cu, Zn, nd Mn re offered in the helte form (Minerlte-3ChelteBlend, Nuteh Biosienes, In, Oneid, NY; ). Additionlly, mgnesium soure ws different for the two minerls: mgnesium (Mg) offered in ws mgnesium oxide while mgnesium in ws mino id helted mgnesium (Minerlte-Mg 1, Nuteh Biosienes, In, Oneid, NY). Minerl supplements were blned to provide equl mounts of ll required mro nd tre minerls nd vitmins with the ddition of hlortetryline (CTC;.5 mg/hed/dy) for nplsmosis ontrol (Tble 1) nd formulted for 4 oune/hed/dy intke. Pregnny evlution ws ompleted in the fll of 215 where three of the four rnhes pregnny determintion ws ompleted by mnul plption nd one of the rnhes utilized n initil sreening blood pregnny test, then followed tht test with mnul plption by veterinrin. All minerl ws offered to ows using ground minerl feeders (Dur-Bull Minerl Feeder, Pride of Frm, Houghton, IA). Minerl feeders were pled ner wter soure t ll lotions. Minerl intke ws lulted for eh rnh bsed on mount offered through the projet period. Fesue smples were olleted (n = 1) in eh psture in June then evluted for endophyte presene using niline blue stining of the epiderml strip under mirosope. Clving dtes were reorded for spring-lving ows in 216 to determine lving distribution. Results nd Disussion Psture endophyte infetion levels were low in 215 for ll pstures tested. The endophyte levels rnged from 1-25% infetion rte with very little vrition between pstures within rnhes. Minerl intke ws higher with the minerl (5% greter) 2
217 SEARC Agriulturl Reserh thn minerl (3.2 oz/hd/d vs. 3. oz/hd/d, respetively). Wter qulity ws similr between pstures nd did not impt overll minerl intke. Pregnny Evlutions Overll pregnny rte ws not different (P =.46) for or, with 89.3% nd 92.9% pregnny rtes, respetively (Tble 2). Biologilly nd eonomilly, 4% differene in pregnny rte is signifint. In two of the four rnhes, pregnny rte ws numerilly higher for minerl (Rnh B hd signifintly higher pregnny rte, ~23% - P <.5), nd t one rnh the pregnny rtes were the sme (1% for both minerls). For the Rnh D, there ws n nplsmosis event in the ows reeiving the minerl nd subsequently tht herd ws the only one where pregnny rtes were higher in the tretment (95 vs. 84% for vs. ). There ws no signifint rnh (P =.81) nor rnh by tretment intertion (P =.14). Interestingly, ows on the minerl lved 6 dys erlier thn ows reeiving the minerl (P =.4) when evluting ll four rnhes (Tble 3). The lk of signifine in pregnny rte might be explined by still not hving enough ows in the study. When removing the nplsmosis rnh, tretments re still not sttistilly signifint, but re loser to pprohing signifine (P =.15) with n even lrger differene in pregnny rtes; 95.5% versus 87.2% for nd respetively (Tble 2). When Rnh D ws removed from the nlysis beuse of nplsmosis, there ws no differene (P =.12) in lving distribution even though numerilly the ows on minerl lved 5 dys erlier (Tble 3). Blood Minerl Serum blood minerl levels were lower in the seond olletion period for ll minerls mesured, whih lso orresponded to lower minerl intkes lter in the seson nd redution in forge Mg onentrtions. Typilly, when testing lush growing fesue for Mg the vlue indited should meet ow requirements, however, it hs been reported tht only ~3% of tht Mg n be utilized. The reommendtion for gestting ows is 7 to 9 g/d of Mg to mintin blood level of 2 ppm whih is the idel serum onentrtion. Serum Mg tended to be more stble with the minerl (P =.11) thn the minerl s evidened by the differene in finl nd initil Mg levels whih were -.21 ppm in nd -2.6 ppm for ows on the minerl. The greter oneption rtes suggest llowed ows to mintin serum Mg t pregnny hek similr to initil levels, despite the derese of Mg in forge. Additionlly, ows onsumed less minerl while mintining serum Mg onentrtion, suggesting tht ws more biovilble (Figure 1). At the initition of the study, ows on the tretment group tended to hve higher serum Mg onentrtions (P =.14). This might be the explntion for why ows lved erlier in the lving seson thn ows on. Additionlly, finl serum Mg ws impted by rnh nd minerl supplementtion (P =.3; Figure 2) where Rnh B ows hd the lowest finl Mg. 3
217 SEARC Agriulturl Reserh Serum Zn, Cu, nd Mn were not different (P >.1) for ny tretments (Figure 1). Mngnese ws not different by tretment, rnh, or the intertion for serum Mn for initil, finl, or the differene (P >.1) with ll levels ~.4 ppm (~4 ng/ml), whih is nutritionlly dequte. There ws tendeny for tretment by rnh intertion (P =.9) for finl Zn where Rnhes A nd B hd lower Zn thn Rnhes C nd D (Figure 3). Rnhes C nd D hd dequte (>.8 ppm) levels of Zn while Rnhes A nd B were onsidered mrginl (between.5 nd.79 ppm). There ws tretment by rnh intertion (P =.2) for finl Cu onentrtion where Rnh C ows on both minerls hd greter Cu levels thn both minerls for Rnh A nd minerl for Rnhes B nd D (Figure 4). At the initition of the study the verge Cu levels would be onsidered mrginl, Zn ws dequte, nd Mn ws dequte. Finl Cu levels remined mrginl for Rnhes A, B, nd D while Rnh C hd n dequte level ording to reommendtions. All rnhes hd dequte finl Mn onentrtions. Rnh C hs the highest levels of Zn nd Cu, dequte for both minerls t the end of the study, whih might explin the 1% pregnny rte for ows in ll tretments t this rnh. Rnh B hd the lowest pregnny rte for ows on the minerl. The Zn levels were onsidered mrginl for Rnh B ows, nd in ombintion with the lowest Mg levels might potentilly explin the redution in pregnny rte. Implitions The mino id helted orgni tre minerl supplement showed promise to id in reprodutive suess for spring-lving produers on K31 endophyte infeted fesue. Even though signifine ws not hieved in this study, eonomilly there ws greter pregnny rte for ows on helted tre minerls. Speifilly, the mino id helted Mg hs the potentil to be n improved soure of Mg in minerl supplements. Mgnesium plys signifint role in reprodutive suess s evidened by this study. Cttle with higher irulting onentrtions of Mg breed erlier; however, stti onentrtion ppers to improve herd-level pregnny rtes, whih ws observed with the mino id helted minerl. Additionlly, this study demonstrted tht the helted form of tre minerls were more biovilble s intke ws lower while mintining serum levels tht were equl to or greter thn the omplex form whih hd greter onsumption. Aknowledgments This study ws funded by Nuteh Biosienes, In, Oneid, NY, with the oopertion of Chris Shuetze. The uthor ppreites the use of the ttle by the four produers in this study s well s the lol extension gents who helped to develop these reltionships nd helped with smple olletion. 4
217 SEARC Agriulturl Reserh Tble 1. Clulted nutrient nlysis (dry mtter bsis) Item Cheltes Complex Crude protein (%) 5.36 5.81 NEg (Ml/wt) 1 11.64 12.7 NEm (Ml/wt) 2 16.98 17.62 Ft (%) 1.5 1.56 Aid detergent fiber (%) 2.82 2.8 Clium (%) 13.41 13.45 Phosphorus (%) 5.83 5.84 Slt (%) 21.66 21.72 Potssium (%) 1.37 1.38 Mgnesium (%) 2.79 2.79 Sulfur (%).58.65 Coblt (ppm) 15.84 14.6 Copper (ppm) 932.14 957.1 Zin (ppm) 3517.64 3527.46 Mngnese (ppm) 1722.72 1727.53 Selenium (ppm) 2.63 2.69 Iodine (ppm) 14.19 14.48 Iron (ppm) 5114.3 5144.9 Vitmin A (IU/lb) 19,84 191,373 Vitmin D (IU/lb) 3,946 31,33 Vitmin E (IU/lb) 217 218 1 NEm = Net energy for mintenne. 2 NEg = Net energy for gin. Tble 2. Pregnny rtes by tretment nd rnh Tretment Rnh A Rnh B Rnh C Rnh D Totl Chelte % (n) 93.1 (49) 93.3 (15) 1 (14) 85. (2) 92.9 (98) Complex % (n) 91.2 (5) 7.6 b (17) 1 (16) 95.5 (22) 89.3 (15) Rnh pregnny rte % (n) 88.9 (99) 84.4 (32) 1 (3) 9.4 (42) 9.1 (23) Pregnny rtes with Rnh D removed due to nplsmosis event Tretment Rnh A Rnh B Rnh C Rnh D Totl Chelte % (n) 93.1 (49) 93.3 (15) 1 (14) -- 95.5 (78) Complex % (n) 91.1 (5) 7.6 b (17) 1 (16) -- 87.2 (83) Rnh pregnny rte (%) 92.1 (99) 82. (32) 1 (3) -- 91.6 (161) b Supersripts with different letters differ within olumn with P <.5. 5
217 SEARC Agriulturl Reserh Tble 3. Averge lving dte within lving seson Tretment Rnh A Rnh B Rnh C Rnh D Averge 1 Chelte 27.8 31.9 27.9 b 5.4 34.5 b Complex 27.7 3.2 13.8 41.5 28.3 Averge lving dte with Rnh D removed due to nplsmosis event Tretment Rnh A Rnh B Rnh C Rnh D Averge 1 Chelte 27.9 31.9 27.9 b -- 29.2 Complex 27.9 3.2 13.9 -- 24. b Supersripts re tretment differenes within olumn with P <.5. 6
217 SEARC Agriulturl Reserh A Serum Mg Mg intke B Serum Zn Zn intke Serum Mg, ppm 2 19 18 2.5 2. 1.5 1. Mg intke, g/d Serum Zn, ppm 1..8.6.4.2 6 4 2 Zn intke, ppm/d 17.5 C Serum Cu Cu intke D Serum Mn Mn intke Serum Cu, ppm.8.6.4.2 2 15 1 5 Cu intke, ppm/d Serum Mn, ppm.5.4.3.2.1 3 2 1 Mn intke, ppm/d Figure 1. Finl serum minerl onentrtion long with dily minerl intke There is no differene (P >.1) in serum minerls by tretment. Dily minerl intkes were lower on minerls thn minerls. The ombintion of redued intke nd equl to or higher serum levels indite tht minerl is more biovilble thn minerl for ll four minerls mesured in serum nlysis (Mg, Cu, Zn, nd Mn). * minerls re reognized by vertil lines within br nd in solid brs Pnel A: Serum mgnesium (Mg) is represented by light green brs nd dily Mg intke in g/d is illustrted by the blk line with squres. Pnel B: Serum zin (Zn) is represented by yellow brs nd dily Zn intke in ppm/d is illustrted by the blk line with irles. Pnel C: Serum opper (Cu) is represented by brown brs nd dily Cu intke in ppm/d is illustrted by the blk line with tringles. Pnel D: Serum mngnese (Mn) is represented by green brs nd dily Mn intke in ppm/d is illustrted by the blk line with dimonds. 7
217 SEARC Agriulturl Reserh Finl serum Mg, ppm 25 2 15 1 5 b d b b b b Rnh A Rnh B Rnh C Rnh D Figure 2. Finl mgnesium (Mg) onentrtion by rnh nd tretment. bd Vlues with different letters differ with P <.5. Vertil lines represent helted () minerl. Brs tht re solid represent omplex () minerl. The dshed line indites blood mgnesium levels tht meet requirements for gestting ows. 1. Finl serum Cu, ppm.8.6.4.2 b b b Rnh A Rnh B Rnh C Rnh D Figure 3. Finl serum opper (Cu) onentrtion by rnh nd tretment. b Vlues with different letters differ with P <.5. Vertil lines represent helted () minerl. Brs tht re solid represent omplex () minerl. The short dshed line indites blood opper levels tht meet requirements for gestting ows. Long dshed lines indite miniml serum levels for mrginl serum opper sttus. 8
217 SEARC Agriulturl Reserh 1.2 1. b Finl serum Zn, ppm.8.6.4 b.2 Rnh A Rnh B Rnh C Rnh D Figure 4. Finl serum zin(zn) onentrtion by rnh nd tretment. b Vlues with different letters differ with P <.5. Vertil lines represent helted () minerl. Brs tht re solid represent omplex () minerl. The short dshed line indites blood zin levels tht meet requirements for gestting ows. Long dshed lines indite miniml serum levels for mrginl serum zin sttus. 9