Transferable Indigenous Knowledge (TIK): Education Process and Policy Rajib Shaw E-mail: shaw@global.mbox.media.kyoto-u.ac.jp Web: http://www.iedm.ges.kyoto-u.ac.jp/ Defining TIK Idea Workshop 2007 Indigenous knowledge is the knowledge that people in a given community have developed over time, and continue to develop. It is based on experience, often tested over centuries of use, adapted to local culture and environment, dynamic and changing. Source: IIRR, Philippines, 1996: Recording and using indigenous knowledge: A manual. Transferable indigenous knowledge is the traditional art of disaster reduction that is indigenous to specific region (s) but having potential to be applied to other regions and having time-tested reliability
Idea Workshop 2007 Criteria for TIK Originated within communities, based on local needs, and specific to culture and context (environment and economy) Provides core knowledge with flexibility for local adaptation for implementation Uses local knowledge and skills, and materials based on local ecology Has been proven to be time tested and useful in disasters Is applied or applicable in other communities or generations Knowledge/Technology Type and its Application Example from Japan Damage Reduction Knowledge/Technology Flood Prevention Knowledge/Technology Erosion Control Knowledge/Technology
Waju (Inside Ring) =Community Protected by Ring Dike Photo by Iwanami Co.,Ltd.(1956) Kyoto University Graduate School Distribution of Global of Environmental Waju in Noubi Studies plains (A Hijiri-Ushi (Grand OX) at Nagara river By Google
Hijiri-Ushi (Grand OX) at Nagara river Photo by NIED-KU(2007) Hijiri-Ushi (Grand OX) 4m 7m 4.5m 7m Photo by NIED-KU(2007) Kyoto University Graduate School Photo of Global by Environmental NIED-KU(2007) Studies
Mizuya (Flood House) Photo by NIED-KU(2007) Blue line is record of flood disaster in 1896 1.3m 2m Action Workshop 2008 Implementation Issues of TIK How to transfer -Documentation -On-site visit -DRH database -Workshops -Internal, external facilitation -Link to modern technology What to transfer (Principles and Methodology) Transferability of TIK Who to transfer -Community leaders -External Facilitators Whom to transfer (Vulnerable Communities, Policy makers) For Hydro-meteorological disasters, focus on climate change adaptation
TIK Classification Five thematic areas Mountain Ecosystem Coastal Zone Management Integrated Water Resource Management Arid land management River basin management Housing and Shelter Two types of TIK Based on technology Based on belief systems Three phases of Disaster Cycle Pre-disaster During disaster Post-disaster Action Workshop 2008 Post-disaster During-disaster Pre-disaster TIK in Education Cross-discipline collaboration Action Workshop 2008 Civil society: Document and analyze Education and Research Community: Validation and analyze Policy maker: Policy decision Regional and International organization: Policy advocacy Steps (not necessarily in the order of appearance) Education: link to curriculum Policy: regional, national and local advocacy and decision Pilot: Implementation and validation
IK and DRR Policy Issues Critical Entry Points Priority Thematic areas Climate change and food security Rural development Urban Risk reduction Gender and inclusion Policy Tools Research, documentation Education Advocacy Institutional Framework Action Agenda Establishment of a resource group Documentation and research Education Policy advocacy Enabling environment Change agents Special focus areas