Novi pristupi u EU programima mobilnosti BOLONJSKI PROCES I MOBILNOST

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Tematski sastanak Odbora za međunarodnu suradnju Sveučilišta u Zagrebu: Novi pristupi u EU programima mobilnosti BOLONJSKI PROCES I MOBILNOST Zagreb, 29. lipnja 2006 TEMPUS UM-JEP 18094 Melita Kovačević

Mobilnost? Nešto novo?

TEME 1. Određenje mobilnosti u okviru BP 2. Podatci iz EU i SAD o ostvarivanju mobilnosti 3. Mobilnost u našoj sredini: legislativa, socijalna dimenzija, administrativna podrška 4. ESIB preporuke namjesto zaključka

We recognise that mobility of students and staff among all participating countries remains one of the key objectives of the Bologna Process. Aware of the many remaining challenges to be overcome, we reconfirm our commitment to facilitate the portability of grants and loans where appropriate through joint action, with a view to making mobility within the EHEA a reality. We shall intensify our efforts to lift obstacles to mobility by facilitating the delivery of visa and work permits and by encouraging participation in mobility programmes. We urge institutions and students to make full use of mobility programmes, advocating full recognition of study periods abroad within such programmes. (Bergen Communiqué)

Bolonjska deklaracija - šest ideja-vodilja Usvajanje sustava usporednih klasifikacija Tri ciklusa, prediplomski, diplomski i poslijediplomski Uspostavljanje sustava bodovanja Promocija mobilnosti Promocija europske suradnje u osiguranju kvaliteta Promocija europskog obrazovnog sustava

Razmjena studenata u EU 1. Studijski programi usklađeni sa srodnim programima zemalja potpisnica Bolonjske deklaracije 2. Uvođenje triju stupnjeva studija: preddiplomski, diplomski i postdiplomski 3. Uvođenje bodovnog sustava (ECTS:European Credit Transfer System) 4. Pojačana mobilnost u kojoj će se studenti tijekom studija moći uključiti u nastavu unutar vlastitog i unutar europskih sveučilišta 5. Uvođenje usporedivih akademskih i stručni stupnjeva

1. Povećan broj studenata UNUTAR ZEMALJA POTPISNICA BOLONJSKOG PROCESA od 1980. Europska Unija podržava mobilnost koristeći se Socrates/Erasmus programima, oko 124 000 studenata (oko 1% svih eurposkih studenata) financiralo je svoj studij dobivenim stipendijama za školovanje u inozemstvu 2013. planira se doseći brojka od 375 000 studentskih razmjena Campus Europae: još ambiciozniji cilj: razmjena 40% studenata svake godine

UNESCO: oko dva milijuna studenata obrazuje se izvan svojih zemalja 1. Povećan broj studenata British Councila i IDP Education Australia predviđanje: taj će se broj udvostručiti do 2015. i ponovo udvostručiti do 2025. do 2025, 8 milijuna studenata bit će obrazovano u inozemstvu Primjer: priliv studenata u švedski obrazovni sustav

1. Povećan broj studenata Mogućnost proizvodnje doktorskih studenata 2. Marketinške kampanje zemalja utrka za mozgovima Number of Doctorates 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 United States Germany United Kingdom Japan China 5,000 0 1975 1978 1981 1984 1987 Year 1990 1993 1996 1999

OBRAZOVANJE NOVOG ISTRAŽIVAČKOG KADRA EUROPA vs. SAD about 4% out of the total pool of European human resources in S&T (or, roughly estimated, 400 000 out of 11 million) are living/working in the USA nearly 75% of European Ph D recipients at US universities prefer to stay in the US after their Ph D moreover, lost human capital has increased substantially during the last decade: from 49% in 1990 to 73% in 1999.

STAV PREMA MOBILNOSTI I ŠTO POMAŽE NJEZINOM PROMAKNUĆU Integracija studentske mobilnosti prema zemljama (postotci, mogućnost višestrukog odgovora) Country of university AT CH DE ES FR HU IT NL NO PL UK Total Joint curricula with double degree 29 29 67 56 39 23 27 75 26 22 28 39 Joint curricula without double degree 18 14 18 22 28 8 45 33 22 7 28 20 Mandatory study abroad 18 29 62 11 11 23 18 67 26 4 33 30 Other curricular measures 0 21 10 0 11 0 9 25 13 0 22 10 No curricular measures 53 26 13 44 39 62 45 8 39 74 33 39 Total 118 129 169 133 128 115 145 208 126 107 144 139 Count (n) (17) (14) (39) (9) (18) (13) (11) (12) (23) (27) (18) (201) Izvor: Centre for Research on Higher Education and Work, University of Kassel, 2006

Mjere i postupci za olakšavanje studentske mobilnosti Country of university AT CH DE ES FR HU IT NL NO PL UK Total Introduction of ECTS * 100 100 74 78 76 83 100 100 96 92 63 86 Broad variety of attractive partner universities * 88 86 100 100 76 58 64 83 91 58 88 83 Financial aid can be taken abroad * 100 71 76 33 76 50 64 75 91 62 38 70 Increase of counseling/ supervision 88 57 71 56 82 58 55 42 91 73 63 70 No deduction from standard period of study 6 14 29 33 0 42 36 25 74 50 44 34 Other measure 18 29 13 11 12 0 18 25 13 8 19 14 Total 400 357 363 311 324 292 336 350 457 342 313 357 Count (n) (17) (14) (38) (9) (17) (12) (11) (12) (23) (26) (16) (195) Izvor: Centre for Research on Higher Education and Work, University of Kassel, 2006

Mjere za povećanje atraktivnosti studijskih programa za međunarodne studente Country of university AT CH DE ES FR HU IT NL NO PL UK Total Lectures/courses held in English language 65 62 79 33 29 92 50 100 87 81-71 Comprehensive and clear offer of information 82 77 82 56 47 62 60 67 70 65 67 69 Intensive supervision and orientation or introductory courses 82 77 82 56 47 62 60 67 70 65 57 69 Cheap accommodation, student halls of residence, etc. 59 38 61 22 53 62 60 33 52 81 40 55 Implementation of a Diploma Supplement 53 46 58 33 6 62 20 75 87 73 7 52 Facilitated admission procedures 35 15 50 44 29 23 60 58 52 58 53 45 Specialised study programmes for foreigners 41 8 39 56 41 31 20 33 17 27 13 30 Other 24 15 8 11 12 8 10 17 4 4 13 10 Total 400 357 363 311 324 292 336 350 457 342 313 357 Count (n) (17) (14) (38) (9) (17) (12) (11) (12) (23) (26) (16) (195) Izvor: Centre for Research on Higher Education and Work, University of Kassel, 2006

Pomoć modularizacije kurikuluma u boljem uklapanju razdoblja studija izvan matičnog sveučilišta 100 90 80 70 60 50 Series1 40 30 20 10 0 AT CH DE ES FR HU IT NL NO PL UK Izvor: Centre for Research on Higher Education and Work, University of Kassel, 2006

Mobilnost u praksi KADA? GDJE? KOLIKO DUGO? Prvi stupanj Drugi stupanj Treći stupanj Unutar: Zemlje Regije Institucije Tjedana/mjeseca Godina Cijeli stupanj ŠTO? Predmet Dvostruka diploma Združeni studij ZAŠTO? Studij Zaposlenje Osobno PREPOZNAVANJE? Transparentnost Rezultati učenja Vrijeme Mogućnost zaposlenja

Problemi i prepreke na nacionalnoj razini stipendije za mobilnost studenata nedovoljne / nedovoljno regulirane društveni aspekti mobilnosti još ne zadovoljavaju zahtjeve za jednakošću nacionalna legislativa još nije prilagođena europskoj i nije spremna za mobilnost studenata administrativna podrška za mobilnost još nije spremna hrvatsko okružje visokog obrazovanja nije spremno za implementaciju sustava mobilnosti

Razlike među zemljama 1. tradicija i prijašnje iskustvo u mobilnosti 2. pristup različitim programima za poticanje mobilnosti 3. konkretne strategije pojedinih sveučilišta

Jednakost studenata Socijalna dimenzija mobilnosti Omogućiti studentima koji studiraju na drugim sveučilištima jednaka prava kao studentima tih sveučilišta 1. Socijalna prava (zdravstveno osiguranje/sufinanciranje smještaja i prehrane ) 2. Zakonska prava (studentski honorarni poslovi/bankovni račun ) 3. Izjednačen socijalni status (stipendije/studentski krediti/ uzimanje u obzir specifičnosti zemlje/područja u kojoj se student nalazi)

Jednakost studenata Socijalna dimenzija mobilnosti

Nužno ostvariti: jednake mogućnosti pristupa i sudjelovanja svih studenata u različitim programima za mobilnost (nasuprot npr. selekcije studenata i davanja novčane podrške samo najboljima / hrvatska praksa) stvaranje cjelovitog sustava podrške, uključujući sve razine realizacije pokretljivosti studenata (od pojedinca nastavnika preko studijskih programa, fakulteta, sveučilišta i odgovornih ministarstava do drugih sudionika u društvenoj zajednici)

Razine realizacije mobilnosti 1. Legislativa usklađivanje s EU zakonima nacionalna 2. Praksa stipendije? stipendije za strane studente (odobreno : odbijeno) dolazak stranih studenata / odlazak domaćih pristup programima 3. Problemi priznavanje razdoblja studiranja / institucije postojanje provjere dvostrukog financiranja troškovi studiranja u drugoj zemlji / prilagođavanje stipendija?

ESIB (The National Unions of Students in Europe) Preporuke za mobilnost: Pristup mobilnosti i informacijama Akademsko vrednovanje razdoblja studiranja u inozemstvu Uklanjanje ekonomskih i administrativnih barijera Pristup socijalnim službama Uklanjanje jezičnih barijera Potpuna akademska i društvena integracija Uspostavljanje horizontalne i vertikalne mobilnosti Zemljopisna pokrivenost