Hinari: Reflections on the past / focus on the future

Hinari: Reflections on the past / focus on the future

What is Research4Life Provides free or very low cost online access to the major scientific journals and books in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

The Research4Life initiative aims to reduce the knowledge gap between higher and lower income countries by providing affordable access to critical scientific research from some 21,000 journals, 50,000 books, and 130 other information resources. More than 8000 institutions in low- and middleincome countries are currently registered for access to this content.

World Health Organization WHO is responsible for health topics within the United Nations system. There are 194 member states (countries) of WHO. WHO receives direction from its members every year.

Institutions in 72 of the world s least developed countries, areas and territories receive free access to journal and book content via Research4Life Institutions in a further 45 countries, areas, and territories pay US $1500 per year for access to the Research4Life content.

Research4Life Programmes Health/Biomedicine Hinari: www.who.int/hinari 175 publishers: 14,000 journals; 47,000 books 5800 institutions registered for access Agriculture/Food AGORA: www.fao.org/agora 65 publishers: 5900 journals; 21,000 books 2900 institutions registered for access

Research4Life Programmes Environment OARE: www.unep.org/oare 70 publishers: 10,000 journals; 20,000 books 2800 institutions registered for access Innovation and Technology ARDI: www.wipo.int/ardi 45 publishers: 8300 journals; 19,000 books 700 institutions registered for access

Hinari 15 Years of Growth

Hinari pre-history Think of a country where medical students studied from teachers who taught from the lectures notes they took 30 years before university libraries had few books and all old government officials were setting policy without access to the latest public health research Think of your country and when these situations were common. In all LMICs, these existed at the end of the 1990's.

Country GNP per capita (US$) 70 Number of countries 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 <1,000 1-3,000 3,000-10,000 10,000+ US $ World Health Organization October 2002 Source: World Bank, 1998

The beginning Inadequate or non-existent internet connections Status-challenged librarians Poorly resourced libraries and fragile South-South research collaborations.

The change on the ground Better and more extensive internet access Stronger library profession and support More publications available through multiple routes (including Hinari!)

The change in Hinari The number of participating publishers increased by 60% The number of journals accessible through the programmes had doubled The number of institutions that had registered to participate in the programmes had grown by 25% The number of accessible books had increased from 0 to 33,000 (and is now at more than 50,000).

However With improved environment that should make it more possible to take advantage of the wealth of publications available through Hinari Usage has levelled off why?

Probing for understanding A short survey sent to African Hinari institutions With key questions exploring: the changing environment the requirements and needs of our audience a key question Is Hinari still needed. overwhelmingly Yes (99%), with 92% saying Absolutely.

The survey Questions were presented in English and French 2750 institutions were contacted via email Director and library contacts on record with Hinari 185 usable responses (6.7%)

Demand/Info vs. Usage/Hinari Have you perceived a change in DEMAND for access to published information in general? Can you estimate whether the USAGE of Hinari specifically has

Reflections From Uganda: There are few users who have used Hinari resources overtime. Some members claim ignorance in technology, some others have bias and fear towards technologies. Some claim they have no time to use the electronic resources and others say that the internet is too slow for them to ably access the online resources. From Senegal: C'est le problème de langue qui se pose pour certains documents. Les usagers de notre structure utilise surtout les documents en français.

Actions Usage

Reflections What do you do to increase usage of Hinari or Other information resources

Technology hurdles

Types of technology problems local firewall issues password changes slow connections/bandwidth moving between Research4Life programmes access to individual publications too few computers in the institution (usually reported by small institutions)

Auto-login?

Numbers: Hinari Vs. Any Means Hinari Any source

Reflections Uganda: Absolutely. When I first accessed it in around 2006 and when I last accessed it in 2015, there was a huge increase in what could be accessed especially in terms of fields. Originally it was only health. Then it expanded to ALL the fields meaning all departments had something for them. From Accounts to Health to Human Resources and of course Information Science.

Different avenues / different access

Reflections From Benin: C'est toujours bon et facile d'avoir plusieurs sources d'information. Hinari n'est pas la seule que nous utilisons From Malawi: Easy for us as librarians, but some of the users get confused when they move between sources. For instance, they are confused why they are not able to download full-text of the same articles they are able to in Hinari From Uganda: It was difficult before acquisition of LibHub, users [found it] hard to navigate through a number of resources to arrive at required information.

Sharing of advice with each other (1) There were many recommendations to set up auto-login, hand out the password in creative ways, and provide training, and a number of recommendations to use Google and Google Scholar to find relevant articles. Ethiopia: we installed WiFi in the library and different places they can use it on their PC or mobile. Ghana: Sending updates to users through E-mail Malawi: Integrate the page with institution Student Information system, E-learn platform and OPAC

Sharing of advice with each other (2) Malawi: Making presentations about Hinari during lunch hour at the college Cafe. Staff members listen while taking their lunch Malawi: We take time to prepare a list of journals that are relevant to subjects taught in our institution and make it available to lecturers to demonstrate subject strength of Hinari Niger: If the internet is too slow to connect, try again later. Don't keep trying at that time Uganda: searching Hinari using Summon United Republic of Tanzania: Ensuring accessibility to Internet is reliable

Sharing of advice with Hinari team (1) There were many recommendations to allow IP address access, provide federated search or keyword searching, add more journals, offer more training, offer an offline version, and permit some nuanced remote access. Nigeria: It should have local content Nigeria: Users should be updated frequently of any changes within the network Senegal: Alléger la plateforme afin d'en faciliter l'accès et les recherche pour de faible bande passante.

Sharing of advice with Hinari team (2) Uganda: I would also suggest that a Librarian has different access rights from the other users. This will make them feel like they are being appreciated for being the silent marketeers for Hinari. It will also be a reason for them to keep checking for updates and therefore create more awareness for it. Use the Librarians as part of your extended team.

Partnership is a key ingredient Besides WHO, Research4Life partners include four United Nations entities, Yale and Cornell University Libraries, Serials Solutions (ProQuest), STM and more than 185 publishers.

American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) American Association for Cancer Research, The (AACR) American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB) American Society of Hematology American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) BioMed Central BioOne BMJ Group Botanical Society of America CABI International Canadian Medical Association Journal Cochrane Collaboration, The Company of Biologists, The Duodecim EBM Guidelines (Finland) Elsevier Science Landes Bioscience Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Medical Journal of Australia, The Morion (Ukraine) National Academy of Sciences, The Nature Publishing Group Oxford University Press Portland Press Limited - publishing subsidiary of the Biochemical Society Royal Society of Medicine Press, The Society for the Study of Reproduction, The Sage Springer Taylor & Francis Thieme Verlag University of Chicago Press John Wiley & Sons Yale University Library Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc. Royal College of Surgeons of England, The Update Software International Medical Press American Dental Education Association Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga Ukrainian Medical Association of North America American College of Chest Physicians American College of Physicians American Dental Association American Diabetes Association American Medical Association American Physiological Society American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. American Psychological Association American Society for Investigative Pathology American Society for Nutrition American Society of Plant Biologists American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Annual Reviews Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers American Society of Neuroradiology Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Association of Field Ornithologists Deutschsprachige Mykologische Gesellschaft Academy of Veterinary Technician Anaesthetists Society for Mathematical Biology Societe francaise de Biochimie et Biologie Moleculaire (SFBBM) Society for Cryobiology Subject Matter Silsoe Research Institute Mitochondria Research Society Japanese Photochemistry Association International Society of Matrix Biology International Federation for Cell Biology Institut Pasteur International Council for the Exploration of the Sea French Society of Plant Physiology (SFPV) Federation of European Microbiological Societies Federation of European Biochemical Societies Microsoft Corporation IOS Press Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Académie des Sciences de France ACS Division of Chemical Health and Safety Association for the Study of Animal Behavior Australian Society for Parasitology Société Française des Microscopies and the Société de Biologie Cellulaire de France Thomson Reuters Scientific Akadémiai Kiadó United Nations Environment Programme New Phytologist Trust International Veterinary Academy of Pain Management Japanese Society of Developmental Biologists International Society for Animal Genetics European Society for Evolutionary Biology (ESEB) European College of Veterinary Anaesthesia ARKAT USA, Inc. Australasian Medical Publishing Company Australian Physiotherapy Association Berkeley Electronic Press Bioline International British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery Cambridge University Press Canadian Psychological Association EBSCO Publishing Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Cornell University, Albert R. Mann Library CSIRO PUBLISHING Department for International Development (DFID), UK European Respiratory Society Faculty of General Dental Practice (UK) Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Health Affairs Histochemical Society Hogrefe Publishing Group Rockefeller Foundation ICDDR,B (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh) International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers (STM) Johns Hopkins University Press Maney Publishing Massachusetts Medical Society MedKnow Publishers NRC Research Press Pharmaceutical Press Revista Cubana de Anestesiología y Reanimación Rockefeller University Press Schattauer Publishers School of Nursing, Fluminense Federal University SciELO SLACK Incorporated Society for Endocrinology Society for General Microbiology Society for Neuroscience UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) University of California Press University of Toronto Press US National Library of Medicine WHO Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office World Health Organization Society for Personality Research Freie Universität Berlin, International Academy, Institut für Qualitative Forschung Guttmacher Institute Policy Studies Organization Population Council Royal Entomological Society Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Scandinavian Society for Plant Physiology Society for Applied Microbiology Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology Veterinary Technician Anaesthesia Society World Association of Veterinary Anatomists Croatian Cardiac Society Russian Academy of Sciences American Society of Naturalists Environmental Information Coalition (EIC) United Kingdom Serials Group Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Guilford Publications, Inc. Deutscher Ärzte-Verlag American Society of Nephrology Multimed Inc. SCN (United Nations System Standing Committee on Nutrition) Future Science Group Makerere University Medical School Elfos Scientiae Ex Libris Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia American Arachnological Society American Association of Avian Pathologists American Association of Zoo Veterinarians American Bryological and Lichenological Society, Inc American Fern Society American Mosquito Control Association American Museum of Natural History RMIT Publishing American Society for Photobiology American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists American Society of Mammalogists American Society of Parasitologists American Society of Plant Taxonomists Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science Association of Avian Veterinarians Biological Society of Washington Cactus and Succulent Society of America Carnegie Museum of Natural History Cell Stress Society International Chelonian Research Foundation Coastal Education and Research Foundation Coleopterists Society Cooper Ornithological Society Crustacean Society Entomological Society of America EUCC - The Coastal Union Florida Entomological Society Harvard University Botany Libraries Herpetologists' League Humboldt Field Research Institute International Association for Bear Research and Management International Association of Vegetation Science Kansas Academy of Science Kansas Entomological Society Kentucky Academy of Science Mammalogical Society of Japan/UniBio Press Micropaleontology Press Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University National Association of Biology Teachers National Shellfisheries Association New York Botanical Garden New York Entomological Society North American Benthological Society Ornithological Society of Japan/UniBio Press Orthopterists' Society Paleontological Society Radiation Research Society Society for In Vitro Biology Society for Northwestern Vertebrate Biology Society for Range Management Society for Sedimentary Geology Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Society for the Study of Evolution Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Society of Ethnobiology Society of Protozoologists Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Society of Wetland Scientists Southern Appalachian Botanical Society Southwestern Association of Naturalists University of Hawai'i Press University of Notre Dame Weed Science Society of America Wilderness Medical Society Wildlife Society Wilson Ornithological Society Zoological Society of Japan Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Royal College of General Practitioners American Society of Animal Science (ASAS) Royal College of Physicians of London Brill Australian Society of Anaesthetists Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Adis, a Wolters Kluwer business Radcliffe Publishing Conference Archives, Inc. Core Medical Publishing American Academy of Family Physicans Dove Medical Press British Library for Development Studies (BLDS) IWA Publishing Academy of Dental Materials American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. American Academy of Nursing American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology American Academy of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Inc. American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases American Association for Thoracic Surgery American Association of Anatomists American Association of Medical

What makes Research4Life special? The involvement and support of the partners in terms of:- Public profile Practical support Participation from all publishers of relevant content, however small Available to all eligible institutions in qualifying countries no need to be in a consortium Available to institutions without fixed IP ranges High awareness of programmes in target countries Most of all growing engagement of Global South scientists in the international discourse

Is Hinari still needed?

Reflections (1) Burkina Faso: Il permet de résoudre le problème d'accès à l'information dans les pays où le besoin informationnel est un handicap à la recherche scientifique et au développement. D'où le coté incontournable de Hinari Madagascar: Accéder d'autres sources de documentations internationales est onéreuse que nous pays en développement ne peut s'offrir. Hinari nous permet d'enrichir nos connaissances et de mettre à jour nos compétences Et nous remercions infiniment le programme pour cela. Nous espérons que HInari continuera à exister pour appuyer les chercheurs et les cadres dans leur metier. MERCI HINARI.

Reflections (2) Madagascar: Seules sources d'informations disponibles et gratuites pour les scientifiques médicales à Madagascar United Republic of Tanzania: Without Hinari our institution will not be able to access publications Zambia: Has enabled our scientists [to] compete favorably to solicit grants as proposal development has been easier with access to other peer reviewed journals

For More Information Contact us at hinari@who.int info@research4life.org parkerk@who.int Kimberly Parker Hinari Programme Manager World Health Organization www.who.int/hinari

Thank You Research4Life info@research4life.org www.research4life.org Hinari World Health Organization hinari@who.int www.who.int/hinari