Impact of Educational Reforms to International Cooperation CASE: Finland February 11, 2016 10 th Seminar on Cooperation between Russian and Finnish Institutions of Higher Education Tiina Vihma-Purovaara Department for Higher Education and Science Policy Ministry of Education and Culture
Finnish education and research system in comparison Innovation Union Scoreboard 2015 Open, excellent and attractive research system U21 Ranking of National Higher Education Systems 2015 1. Netherlands 1. United States OECD Quality of scientific production INSEAD, WIPO and Cornell University Global Innovation Index 2015 Human capital and research WEF and INSEAD The Networked Readiness Index 2015 INSEAD, WIPO Global Innovation Index 2015 Government Effectiveness OECD PISA average scales in reading, mathematics, and science 1. Switzerland 1. Finland 1. Singapore 1. Finland 1. China 2. Sweden 2. Switzerland 2. Netherlands 2. Korea rep. 2. Finland 2. Singapore 2. Singapore 3. Denmark 3. Denmark 3. Denmark 3. Denmark 3. Sweden 3. Denmark 3. Hong Kong 4. U. Kingdom 4. Finland 4. Iceland 4. Sweden 4. Netherlands 4. Sweden 4. Korea Rep. 5. Luxembourg 5. Sweden 5. Sweden 5. Singapore 5. Norway 5. Norway 5. Japan 6. Belgium 6. Canada 6. Belgium 6. Switzerland 6. Switzerland 6. Switzerland 6. Finland 7. France 7. Netherlands 7. United States 7. U. Kingdom 7. United States 7. Canada 7. Estonia 8. Ireland 8. U. Kingdom 8. U. Kingdom 8. Austria 8. U. Kingdom 8. Netherlands 8. Canada 9. Finland 9. Singapore 9. Canada 9. Australia 9. Luxembourg 9. New Zealand 9. Poland 10. Austria 10. Australia 14. Finland 10. Germany 10. Japan 10. Hong Kong 34. Sweden 2
Basic facts in a nutshell
Selected higher education and research landscape facts about Finland Higher education institution and research institution network covers the populated parts of the country 14 universities (168 000 student enrolments, of which 18 000 doctoral students) 24 polytechnics/universities of Applied Sciences (148 000) 13 research institutions University (blue) Polytechnic (green) Research institute (red) Ministry of Education and Culture Education: http://www.minedu.fi/opm/koulutus/?lang=en Finnish National Board of Education http://oph.fi/english
Flexible system The education system gives each student great flexibility. Binding decisions are not expected to be made at an early stage. The road all the way to tertiary education is untracked, with none of the paths leading to a dead end. LIBERAL ADULT EDUCATION - Open University education - Open Polytechnic education - Adult education centres - Folk high schools - Summer universities - Study centres - Sports institutes 5
Reforms
Goal: more future proof HE and research sector Higher education reforms Reform of science and research network Other developments Governmen programmes University reform 2009 Polytechnic Reform Reform of state research institutes and research funding Academy of Finland Encouraging funding models Structural reform of VET Internationalisa strategy 2009 2015 Structural development of HEIs Strengthening of the research infrastructure Other political decisions related to macro-economic balance
Universities core funding from 2015
Polytechnics/UAS core funding from 2015
Expanding funding base, giving tools for education export Government Programme: removing legal obstacles to the export of Finnish education products and expertise. The goal of the government proposal is to advance higher education institutions' opportunities for education export and expand their funding base The introduction of tuition fees put greater emphasis on educational quality as a competitive factor (vs. competing with free education). The goal is to develop incentives to encourage students on tuition-charging programmes to remain in Finland
Legislative changes Regulations added to the Universities Act and the Polytechnics Act regarding charging of tuition fees to students from outside the European Union and the European Economic Area Amendments to regulations of the Universities Act and the Polytechnics Act concerning made-to-order education (customised education).
Flexible system Tuition fees to n EU/EEA studen language of the other than Finn Swedish 12
Tuition fees in Finnish Higher Education Institutions (1/2) Who will pay tuition fees? non-eu/eea students studying in programmes conducted in a language other than Fin or Swedish which lead to either a Bachelor's or Master's degree. in Finland and outside Finland, same legislation Who will NOT pay tuition fees? EU/EEA students or comparable; students holding a permanent residence permit; Blue Card holders; family members non EU/EEA students studying in programmes taught in Finnish or Swedish students in the third cycle (artistic or scientific programmes leading to a doctoral degree/phd, licenciate) 22.10.2015
Tuition fees in Finnish Higher Education Institutions (2) HEIs to charge minimum of 1 500 euros/year HEIs to be able to set fees themselves in such a way that fees support HEI s internationalisation strategy. HEIs need to have a scholarship system Legislative changes came into force 1 January 2016 The regulations on tuition fees will be binding on institutes of higher education for students that start their studies on or later than 1 August 2017. If HEIs so desire, the have been able to bring payments into use 1 January 2016 onwards. 22.10.2015
Reforms of doctoral education (1/2) All master's degrees qualify their recipients for graduate studies at doctoral level i.e. for 3 rd cycle degree re Bologna process Primary goal of doctoral education is to guarantee those capabilities and knowledge that are required for doing professional research work in academy or elsewhere Until early 2010 s the doctoral education funding mechanisms included thematic national Graduate Schools with research and doctoral grants and basic funding allocations for universities. Not all PhD students belonged to GSs. In 2011 a task group by the Academy of Finland proposed developing of researcher education system and doctoral schools Similar proposals to those of the Salzburg Principles (2005) and the Salzburg II recommendations (2010) by the European University Association Also maximum time for studies length was proposed
Reforms of doctoral education (2/2) After their reform the universities started to renew their doctoral education structures Universities now have their own Graduate Schools including doctoral programmes. All graduate students belong to a Graduate School. Funding of the graduate students studies and research is mainly by employment relationship to university or by research and doctoral grants Doctoral education in Finland is steered by a few central government regulations Universities have responsibility and autonomy to design and implement their own doctoral education rules and policies
R&D personnel in Finland Over 77 000 persons working for R&D in Finland (2014) 52% in companies 37% in universities and polytechnics 11% in public sector or NGOs Current trend of diminishing resources of R&D is clear both in public and private sectors Of R&D personnel 18% have doctoral education in private sector only 4%
Impact of Educational Reforms to International Cooperation?
Finnish education and research system in comparison Innovation Union Scoreboard 2015 Open, excellent and attractive research system U21 Ranking of National Higher Education Systems 2015 OECD Quality of scientific production INSEAD, WIPO and Cornell University Global Innovation Index 2015 Human capital and research WEF and INSEAD The Networked Readiness Index 2015 INSEAD, WIPO Global Innovation Index 2015 Government Effectiveness OECD PISA average scales in reading, mathematics, and science 1. Netherlands 1. United States 1. Switzerland 1. Finland 1. Singapore 1. Finland 1. China 2. Sweden 2. Switzerland 2. Netherlands 2. Korea rep. 2. Finland 2. Singapore 2. Singapore 3. Denmark 3. Denmark 3. Denmark 3. Denmark 3. Sweden 3. Denmark 3. Hong Kong 4. U. Kingdom 4. Finland 4. Iceland 4. Sweden 4. Netherlands 4. Sweden 4. Korea Rep. 5. Luxembourg 5. Sweden 5. Sweden 5. Singapore 5. Norway 5. Norway 5. Japan 6. Belgium 6. Canada 6. Belgium 6. Switzerland 6. Switzerland 6. Switzerland 6. Finland 7. France 7. Netherlands 7. United States 7. U. Kingdom 7. United States 7. Canada 7. Estonia 8. Ireland 8. U. Kingdom 8. U. Kingdom 8. Austria 8. U. Kingdom 8. Netherlands 8. Canada 9. Finland 9. Singapore 9. Canada 9. Australia 9. Luxembourg 9. New Zealand 9. Poland 10. Austria 10. Australia 14. Finland 10. Germany 10. Japan 10. Hong Kong 34. Sweden 23
Strategic partners Strategic choices by the HEIs in internationalisation Visibility and Recruiting Mobility International actions in HE and research Connecting the partners with the priorities and strategies of the HEI Networks (Finnish-Indian, Finnish- Chinese, Finnish- Brazilian ) Global markets for hiring staff Global markets for recruiting students Students Staff Joint courses, double degrees, research projects.. Aimin bett qualit HE a resea
Thank you for your attention More information: tiina.vihma-purovaara@minedu.fi