THE CORRELATION BETWEEN SECOND LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY AND SELF-EFFICACY IN THIRD LANGUAGE LEARNING VIA SECOND LANGUAGE UNDERGRADUATE THESIS FERDINAND RASALI 10.40.0025 FACULTY OF PSYCHOLOGY SOEGIJAPRANATA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY SEMARANG 2014
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN SECOND LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY AND SELF-EFFICACY IN THIRD LANGUAGE LEARNING VIA SECOND LANGUAGE UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Submitted to Faculty of Psychology Soegijapranata Catholic University as One of Requirements to Achieve Bachelor Degree in Psychology FERDINAND RASALI 10.40.0025 FACULTY OF PSYCHOLOGY SOEGIJAPRANATA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY SEMARANG 2014
PAGE OF APPROVAL Defended in the presence of Soegijapranata Catholic University Faculty of Psychology Board of Examiners and Accepted as One of Requirements to Achieve Bachelor Degree in Psychology October 23 rd 2014 Approved by Faculty of Psychology Soegijapranata Catholic University Dean, (Dr. M. Sih Setija Utami, M.Kes) Board of examiners 1. Dr. M. Sih Setija Utami, M.Kes 2. Augustina Sulastri, S.Psi., Psi 3. Dr. A. Rachmad Djati Winarno, MS ii
MOTTO 春去春回來, 花謝花會再開 花心 - 周華健 Spring went, spring will come again. Flower withers, flower will blossom again. Hua Xin Zhou Hua Jian This too shall pass. iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Writer would like to deliver acknowledgements to God so this thesis could be completed. Also for everyone who helped in this research: 1. Dr. M. Sih Setija Utami, M.Kes as the Dean of Faculty of Psychology Soegijapranata Catholic University and as thesis examiner. 2. Dr. A. Rachmad Djati, MS as thesis advisor and examiner who helped writer so much on working the thesis, both professionally and personally. 3. Dr. Y. Bagus Wismanto, MS as academic supervisor in Soegijapranata Catholic University. 4. Augustina Sulastri, S.Psi., Psi as a lecturer and thesis examiner who really concerned about this study and helped writer on scientific writing skill. 5. All the lecturers of Faculty of Psychology Soegijapranata Catholic University. 6. All the administration staff of Faculty of Psychology Soegijapranata Catholic University (Mas Pri, Mas Sabar, Mb Deo, Mb Dewi, Mas Gandi, Pak Gik). 7. Tan Agung Haryono, S.S (Dunia Bahasa) and team who helped constructing English Proficiency Test. 8. Providence University, Center of Chinese Language as the institute who gave research permission in Taiwan. 9. My family at home; Dad, Mam, Cicik, Koko, Mb Tun, Pak Sobri, Philip, and Geby. 10. Beloved GOT friends for all the support and positive atmosphere, Vincent, Dimas, Vivin, Olive, Jessica, Oline, Aldi. iv
11. Mbak Yuli, Indah, Vyra, Reyner, Gaby, There, Teteph, Koh Rafa, Pak Andre, and all of everyone who I met at International Office. 12. Hypnomorphosis club Family. Koh Danny, Mb Wuri, Dimas, Ahun, Koh Rangga, and everyone. 13. Lusi, Vio, Osa, Albert, Alvin, Gege, Herman, Sylver, and all students of Psychology. 14. My Senate family. Kries, Oky, Soca, Kiki, Maria, Egi, Daniel, Angga, Gorbi, Gary, Judith, Caca, Roby. 15. Everyone who I could not mention here. Thank you all. 16. And last but not least, myself. For always being there and once again going out of the comfort zone. This thesis is far from perfect, but writer would always learn and hope that any information in this thesis would be useful for readers. Semarang, October 2014 Writer v
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN SECOND LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY AND SELF-EFFICACY IN THIRD LANGUAGE LEARNING VIA SECOND LANGUAGE Ferdinand Rasali The Faculty of Psychology Soegijapranata Catholic University Semarang ABSTRACT Many people who are working or studying abroad learn local language, which might be a new language for them. The challenge is new language learning may not be provided in their native languages but in L2 (second language), therefore they need to learn the new language as L3 (third language) via L2. This study will focus on correlation between L2 proficiency and self-efficacy in L3 learning via L2 on exchange students from 17 countries, where English language as L2 and Chinese language as L3. The first method used in this study was quantitative using self-efficacy scale and L2 proficiency test to find correlation between them using product moment technique. The second method was qualitative using interview to find the relation between self-efficacy in L3 learning via L2 context and L2 proficiency. The research resulted in the positive correlation between L2 proficiency and self-efficacy in L3 via L2 (r xy = 0.416, p < 0.05), also that cultural background showed to contribute in the forming of self-efficacy. The conclusion can also be drawn that L2 proficiency as previous performance accomplishments was very impactful for predicting selfefficacy. By improving L2 proficiency, the self-efficacy for L3 learning via L2 would also be improved. Keywords: Self-efficacy, language learning, third language, second language proficiency. vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE i PAGE OF APPROVAL ii MOTTO iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv ABSTRACT vi TABLE OF CONTENTS vii LIST OF TABLES xii LIST OF FIGURES xiii LIST OF APPENDIX xiv CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION A. Research Background 1 B. Research Purpose 5 C. Research Benefits 5 1. Theoretical Benefits... 5 2. Practical Benefits... 5 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW A. Self-efficacy in L3 Learning via L2 1. Self-efficacy 6 a. Definitions of Self-efficacy 6 b. Role of Self-efficacy 8 vii
c. Aspects/Dimensions of Self-efficacy 10 d. Predisposing Factors of Self-efficacy 12 2. L3 Learning via L2 a. Definitions of L3 Learning via L2 17 b. Aspects/Dimensions of L3 Learning via L2 19 B. L2 Proficiency 1. Definitions of L2 Proficiency 23 2. Aspects/Dimensions of L2 Proficiency 25 a. Vocabulary 25 b. Grammar 26 c. Reading Comprehension 27 C. Second Language Proficiency and Self-efficacy in Third Language Learning via Second Language 28 D. Hypothesis 31 CHAPTER 3 METHODS A. Research Method 32 B. Research Variables Identification 32 C. Research Operational Definition 32 1. Self-efficacy in L3 Learning via L2 32 2. L2 Proficiency 33 D. Research Subject 33 Population and Sampling 33 E. Data Gathering Method 34 viii
1. Quantitative Method 34 a. Self-efficacy in L3 learning via L2 Scale 34 b. English Language Competency Test 36 2. Qualitative Method 36 a. Interview 36 b. Observation 37 F. Validity and reliability 37 G. Data Analysis Method 37 CHAPTER 4 RESEARCH PREPARATION AND EXECUTION A. Research Setting 38 1. Survey 38 2. Research Permission 39 3. Data Gathering Method 39 B. Measuring Instrument Analysis 40 C. Research Execution 41 CHAPTER 5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS A. Quantitative Research Results 45 1. Assumption Test and Significance Rate 45 a. Normality Test 45 b. Linearity Test 46 2. Hypothesis Testing 46 B. Qualitative Research Results 47 1. Subject 1 47 ix
a. Subject Identity 47 b. Observation Result Summary 47 c. Interview Result Summary 48 d. Subject 1 Case Analysis 51 2. Subject 2 56 a. Subject Identity 56 b. Observation Result Summary 56 c. Interview Result Summary 57 d. Subject 2 Case Analysis 60 3. Subject 3 66 a. Subject Identity 66 b. Observation Result Summary 66 c. Interview Result Summary 67 d. Subject 3 Case Analysis 69 4. Subject 4 76 a. Subject Identity 76 b. Observation Result Summary 76 c. Interview Result Summary 77 d. Subject 4 Case Analysis 79 5. Subject 5 85 a. Subject Identity 85 b. Observation Result Summary 85 c. Interview Result Summary 86 x
d. Subject 5 Case Analysis 89 C. Discussions 95 CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS A. Conclusions 99 B. Recommendations 99 1. For Research Subjects 99 2. For Future Research 100 BIBLIOGRAPHY 101 xi
LIST OF TABLES 1. Table 2 17 2. Table 3.1 35 3. Table 3.2 35 4. Table 4.1 41 5. Table 4.2 44 6. Table 5.2.1 54 7. Table 5.2.2 64 8. Table 5.2.3 74 9. Table 5.2.4 83 10. Table 5.2.5 93 xii
LIST OF FIGURES 1. Figure 2.1 6 2. Figure 2.2 9 3. Figure 2.3 27 4. Figure 2.4 30 5. Figure 5.2.1 55 6. Figure 5.2.2 65 7. Figure 5.2.3 75 8. Figure 5.2.4 84 9. Figure 5.2.5 94 xiii
LIST OF APPENDIX APPENDIX A A.1 English Proficiency Test 106 A.2 Intro & Self-efficacy Scale 112 APPENDIX B B.1 English Proficiency Test Data 118 B.2 Self-efficacy Scale Data 121 APPENDIX C Self-efficacy Validity and Reliability Testing 124 APPENDIX D L2 Proficiency and Self-efficacy Research Data 128 APPENDIX E D.1 Normality Test 131 D.2 Linearity Test 133 APPENDIX F Data Analysis 135 APPENDIX G G.1 Interview Guide 138 G.2 Observation Guide 139 G.3 Coding 140 APPENDIX H H.1 Subject 1 Interview Result 142 H.2 Subject 2 Interview Result 149 H.3 Subject 3 Interview Result 155 xiv
H.4 Subject 4 Interview Result 161 H.5 Subject 5 Interview Result 166 APPENDIX I I.1 Research Permit 174 I.2 Interview Informed Consent 175 xiv