Hepatitis C Virus II

Hepatitis C Virus II

Tatsuo Miyamura Stanley M. Lemon Christopher M. Walker Takaji Wakita Editors Hepatitis C Virus II Infection and Disease

Editors Tatsuo Miyamura National Institute of Infectious Diseases Tokyo, Japan Christopher M. Walker Center for Vaccines and Immunity The Research Institute at Nationwide Children s Hospital Columbus, Ohio USA Stanley M. Lemon Departments of Medicine and Microbiology & Immunology The University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina USA Takaji Wakita National Institute of Infectious Diseases Tokyo, Japan ISBN 978-4-431-56099-9 ISBN 978-4-431-56101-9 (ebook) DOI 10.1007/978-4-431-56101-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016951214 Springer Japan 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Japan KK

Contents Part I Chronic Hepatitis C Natural History of Chronic Hepatitis C... 3 Marc G. Ghany and T. Jake Liang The Multifaceted Features of HCV Infection Beyond the Liver... 57 Kazuhiko Koike Hepatic Fibrosis in Hepatitis C... 79 Melissa A. Sheiko and Hugo R. Rosen Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Hepatitis C Virus... 109 Sheng-Han Wang, Shiou-Hwei Yeh, and Pei-Jer Chen HCV, Alcohol, and the Liver... 137 Terence N. Bukong, Banishree Saha, and Gyongyi Szabo Extrahepatic Replication of HCV... 165 Wen-Chi Su, Keigo Machida, and Michael M.C. Lai Part II HCV Infections in Special Populations Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Pregnancy and Childhood... 187 Jessica Wen, Samantha Ohmer, and Jonathan Honegger Part III Approaches to Therapy Host Genetics and Responses to Antiviral Therapy in Chronic Hepatitis C... 225 Yasuhito Tanaka and Masashi Mizokami Viral Variation and Response to Therapy... 243 Shinya Maekawa and Nobuyuki Enomoto v

vi Contents HCV NS3/4A Protease Inhibitors and the Road to Effective Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapies... 257 Nicolas Tremblay, Alex Young Park, and Daniel Lamarre Mechanism of Action of Direct-Acting Antivirals: New Insights into the HCV Life Cycle... 287 Sara E. Williford and David R. McGivern Modeling HCV Dynamics in Clinical Practice to Personalize Antiviral Therapy... 303 Piero Colombatto, Ferruccio Bonino, Luigi Civitano, Filippo Oliveri, Gabriele Ricco, Sergio Iannazzo, and Maurizia R. Brunetto Part IV Prevention and Control of HCV Infection Prophylactic Vaccines for the Hepatitis C Virus... 325 Andrea L. Cox Global Control of Hepatitis C Virus Infection... 347 Tatsuo Miyamura Index... 369

Contributors Ferruccio Bonino UPMC Institute for Health, Chianciano Terme, Italy Maurizia R. Brunetto Hepatology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy Terence N. Bukong Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA Pei-Jer Chen Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan NTU Center for Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan Luigi Civitano Hepatology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy Piero Colombatto Hepatology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy Andrea L. Cox Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Nobuyuki Enomoto First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan Marc G. Ghany Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA Jonathan Honegger Nationwide Children s Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA vii

viii Contributors Sergio Iannazzo SIHS Health-Economics-Consulting, Turin, Italy Kazuhiko Koike Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Michael M.C. Lai Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan Research Center for Emerging Viruses, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan Daniel Lamarre Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada T. Jake Liang Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA Keigo Machida Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Shinya Maekawa First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan Tatsuo Miyamura National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan Masashi Mizokami The Research Center for Hepatitis & Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan Samantha Ohmer Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA Filippo Oliveri Hepatology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy Alex Young Park Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada Gabriele Ricco Hepatology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy Hugo R. Rosen Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA Banishree Saha Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA Melissa A. Sheiko Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Health Institute, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA Wen-Chi Su Research Center for Emerging Viruses, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan Gyongyi Szabo Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA

Contributors ix Yasuhito Tanaka Department of Virology, Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan Nicolas Tremblay Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada Sheng-Han Wang Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan Jessica Wen University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA Shiou-Hwei Yeh Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan NTU Center for Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan