How Junior Scholastic Meets the C3 Framework for Social Studies Junior Scholastic engages students with high-interest national and international news stories, history pieces, and geography features designed to support the C3 Framework for Social Studies. With thrilling nonfiction, exciting videos, and rigorous critical-thinking activities, Junior Scholastic will help your students develop key skills in all strands of the C3 Framework, including Civics, Economics, Geography, and History. The complementary website features additional articles, history plays, map-skills activities, geography games, assessments, teaching resources, and more. CONTENTS Dimension 1: Developing Questions and Planning Inquiries...Page 2 Dimension 2: Applying Disciplinary Concepts and Tools...Page 3 Dimension 3: Evaluating Sources and Using Evidence... Page 11 Dimension 4: C ommunicating Conclusions and Taking Informed Action... Page 12
Junior Scholastic Meets the C3 Framework for Social Studies (Grades 6 8) DIMENSION 1: DEVELOPING QUESTIONS AND PLANNING INQUIRIES CONSTRUCTING COMPELLING QUESTIONS D1.1.6 8 Explain how a question represents key ideas in the field. D1.2.6 8 Explain points of agreement experts have about interpretations and applications of disciplinary concepts and ideas associated with a compelling question. HOW JUNIOR SCHOLASTIC MEETS THE The Core Question at the end of each Junior Scholastic article provides a model for the types of inferential thinking that is needed to construct compelling questions about social studies topics. The Debate feature in each issue poses a compelling question about a relevant social studies topic, which is then debated by two experts in the field. Students use the information presented by the experts to analyze and evaluate both sides of the argument, and decide who they think makes a stronger case. Close-reading questions in the Teacher s Guide and online provide students with compelling questions about key ideas to ensure they understand the central ideas of the article. Argument-evaluation skills sheets and writing prompts give students the opportunity to evaluate the multiple perspectives presented in an article and determine where the experts agree and disagree. CONSTRUCTING SUPPORTING QUESTIONS D1.3.6 8 Explain points of agreement experts have about interpretations and applications of disciplinary concepts and ideas associated with a supporting question. D1.4.6 8 Explain how the relationship between supporting questions and compelling questions is mutually reinforcing. Close-reading questions in the Teacher s Guide and online provide students with supporting questions to help them further their understanding of the article they read. Argument-evaluation skills sheets and writing prompts give students the opportunity to evaluate the multiple perspectives presented in an article and determine where the experts agree and disagree. Skills sheets and lesson activities in the Teacher s Guide and online often include practice with central ideas and supporting details, helping students understand the difference between the two and the important roles each plays when learning about and discussing social studies topics. 632-WB-JR-C3 2
DETERMINING HELPFUL SOURCES D1.5.6 8 Determine the kinds of sources that will be helpful in answering compelling and supporting questions, taking into consideration multiple points of views represented in the sources. HOW JUNIOR SCHOLASTIC MEETS THE Junior Scholastic articles are engaging secondary sources that can be paired with relevant primary sources found in the Teacher s Guide and online. The secondary-source news articles include information and quotes from many relevant sources to provide multiple perspectives on a topic. The primary sources can be analyzed on their own as well as compared to the perspectives presented in the secondary sources about the same topic. Presenting information from multiple perspectives allows students to construct well-thoughtout compelling and supporting questions about what they read and about the topic in general. DIMENSION 2: APPLYING DISCIPLINARY CONCEPTS AND TOOLS CIVICS CIVIC AND POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS D2.Civ.1.6 8 Distinguish the powers and responsibilities of citizens, political parties, interest groups, and the media in a variety of governmental and nongovernmental contexts. D2.Civ.2.6 8 Explain specific roles played by citizens (such as voters, jurors, taxpayers, members of the armed forces, petitioners, protesters, and office-holders). D2.Civ.3.6 8 Examine the origins, purposes, and impact of constitutions, laws, treaties, and international agreements. D2.Civ.4.6 8 Explain the powers and limits of the three branches of government, public officials, and bureaucracies at different levels in the United States and in other countries. D2.Civ.5.6 8 Explain the origins, functions, and structure of government with reference to the U.S. Constitution, state constitutions, and selected other systems of government. D2.Civ.6.6 8 Describe the roles of political, civil, and economic organizations in shaping people s lives. Junior Scholastic covers civics and government in every issue, including stories about the rights and responsibilities of citizens (voting, serving on juries, paying taxes, etc.), civic engagement, the U.S. government, and how the government was formed. Articles cover topics such as the role of protesters throughout history, including events such as the Boston Tea Party, the civil rights movement, anti-war protests during the Vietnam War, and the women s rights movement. Articles include information about other countries governments and citizens. Articles, skills sheets, and other activities explain the powers of the three branches of the U.S. government, as well as the system of checks and balances. Articles discuss the origins, purposes, and impacts of a variety of laws, treaties, executive orders, and international agreements both past and present. The debate in each issue provides two perspectives on a topic (frequently related to government and politics). Students are challenged to analyze and evaluate each side, then decide which one they agree with. A primary-source activity appears in every Teacher s Guide, encouraging students to analyze political events through firsthand accounts. These activities ask students to draw comparisons between the past and the present. Articles discuss the role of political, civil, and economic organizations in shaping people s lives, including charitable groups and nongovernmental organizations. Political cartoons in every issue provide students with the opportunity to understand and discuss different viewpoints regarding U.S. and international governments. 3
PARTICIPATION AND DELIBERATION: APPLYING CIVIC VIRTUES AND DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES D2.Civ.7.6 8 Apply civic virtues and democratic principles in school and community settings. D2.Civ.8.6 8 Analyze ideas and principles contained in the founding documents of the United States, and explain how they influence the social and political system. D2.Civ.9.6 8 Compare deliberative processes used by a wide variety of groups in various settings. D2.Civ.10.6 8 Explain the relevance of personal interests and perspectives, civic virtues, and democratic principles when people address issues and problems in government and civil society. HOW JUNIOR SCHOLASTIC MEETS THE Junior Scholastic encourages students to get involved in their communities and around the world by profiling teens who are making a difference. Articles, videos, skills sheets, and other materials discuss the founding documents of the United States, including the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. Excerpts from the Constitution and constitutional amendments are frequently included as primary-source activities in the Teacher s Guide and online. Close-reading and critical-thinking questions challenge students to analyze these and other historic documents. Close-reading questions and skills sheets included with each article encourage students to analyze and evaluate the materials they ve read to further their understanding of the topics presented. Research and writing activities in the Teacher s Guide give students the opportunity to expand upon their learning and help them connect the topics to their own lives. PROCESSES, RULES, AND LAWS D2.Civ.11.6 8 Differentiate among procedures for making decisions in the classroom, school, civil society, and local, state, and national government in terms of how civic purposes are intended. D2.Civ.12.6 8 Assess specific rules and laws (both actual and proposed) as means of addressing public problems. D2.Civ.13.6 8 Analyze the purposes, implementation, and consequences of public policies in multiple settings. D2.Civ.14.6 8 Compare historical and contemporary means of changing societies and promoting the common good. Civics and government articles frequently feature stories about public policies and laws at all levels of government, including an analysis of whether those laws had the desired effects. Articles, videos, skills sheets, and other resources encourage students to analyze the success or failure of certain rules and laws. Political cartoons in every issue provide students with the opportunity to understand and discuss potential consequences of public policies. Skills sheets and activities in the Teacher s Guide encourage students to analyze the information presented in the articles and make their own decisions about the government s ability to solve problems through policy changes. Research activities and writing prompts in the Teacher s Guide and online call for students to write longer essays about the purposes, implementation, and consequences of public policies. 4
ECONOMICS ECONOMIC DECISION MAKING D2.Eco.1.6 8 Explain how economic decisions affect the well-being of individuals, businesses, and society. D2.Eco.2.6 8 Evaluate alternative approaches or solutions to current economic issues in terms of benefits and costs for different groups and society as a whole. HOW JUNIOR SCHOLASTIC MEETS THE Junior Scholastic articles and videos expose students to current and historical economic issues, how they affect members of our society, and potential alternative approaches or solutions to these issues. Close-reading and critical-thinking questions, as well as skills sheets and lesson activities, encourage students to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of economic policies for different groups of people and society as a whole. EXCHANGE AND MARKETS D2.Eco.3.6 8 Explain the roles of buyers and sellers in product, labor, and financial markets. D2.Eco.4.6 8 Describe the role of competition in the determination of prices and wages in a market economy. D2.Eco.5.6 8 Explain ways in which money facilitates exchange by reducing transactional costs. Economics articles in the Student Edition and relevant skills sheets and lesson activities in the Teacher s Guide teach students basic economics concepts, such as supply and demand, the role of buyers and sellers, and the role of competition in determining prices and wages. The In the News feature and economics articles in the Student Edition frequently feature instances of innovation and entrepreneurship, especially by young people. D2.Eco.6.6 8 Explain how changes in supply and demand cause changes in prices and quantities of goods and services, labor, credit, and foreign currencies. D2.Eco.7.6 8 Analyze the role of innovation and entrepreneurship in a market economy. D2.Eco.8.6 8 Explain how external benefits and costs influence market outcomes. D2.Eco.9.6 8 Describe the roles of institutions such as corporations, nonprofits, and labor unions in a market economy. 5
THE NATIONAL ECONOMY D2.Eco.10.6 8 Explain the influence of changes in interest rates on borrowing and investing. D2.Eco.11.6 8 Use appropriate data to evaluate the state of employment, unemployment, inflation, total production, income, and economic growth in the economy. D2.Eco.12.6 8 Explain how inflation, deflation, and unemployment affect different groups. HOW JUNIOR SCHOLASTIC MEETS THE The use of text features throughout Junior Scholastic, such as charts, graphs, and infographics, highlights relevant economic information, including unemployment rates in the U.S. Junior Scholastic s U.S. Affairs issue includes important economic data for all 50 states and U.S. territories, including unemployment rates, poverty rates, high school graduation rates, and the amount of public school spending per student. Article topics include the debate over the minimum wage in the U.S., the different standards of living and economic opportunities in different parts of the country, the role of the middle class, and economic inequality in the U.S. D2.Eco.13.6 8 Explain why standards of living increase as productivity improves. THE GLOBAL ECONOMY D2.Eco.14.6 8 Explain barriers to trade and how those barriers influence trade among nations. D2.Eco.15.6 8 Explain the benefits and the costs of trade policies to individuals, businesses, and society. Economics articles feature news stories about international trade and foreign policy. Students can further explore these topics through skills sheets and research and writing activities in the Teacher s Guide and online. Articles cover topics such as free-trade agreements and globalization. Close-reading and critical-thinking questions encourage students to analyze the benefits and costs of such policies on individuals, businesses, and society as a whole. GEOGRAPHY GEOGRAPHIC REPRESENTATIONS: SPATIAL VIEWS OF THE WORLD D2.Geo.1.6 8 Construct maps to represent and explain the spatial patterns of cultural and environmental characteristics. D2.Geo.2.6 8 Use maps, satellite images, photographs, and other representations to explain relationships between the locations of places and regions, and changes in their environmental characteristics. D2.Geo.3.6 8 Use paper-based and electronic mapping and graphing techniques to represent and analyze spatial patterns of different environmental and cultural characteristics. Junior Scholastic s annual Can You Find Mapman? contest challenges students to find our cartographer s mystery location and draw a map of that country. Maps and geography skills activities in every issue ask students to analyze changes over time in a region based on both physical and human geographic factors. Maps and infographics featured in every issue visually present information that conveys the relationship between places and regions, and changes in their environmental characteristics. Article topics include rising sea levels and the effects of climate change around the world. Junior Scholastic s World Affairs issue is full of facts and figures on the world s 196 independent countries. Its tables and maps can be used all year long to provide data on nations under study. The online geography game included with every issue (called On the Road With Mapman) helps students hone their map-reading and geography skills. 6
HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION: PLACE, REGIONS, AND CULTURE D2.Geo.4.6 8 Explain how cultural patterns and economic decisions influence environments and the daily lives of people in both nearby and distant places. D2.Geo.5.6 8 Analyze the combinations of cultural and environmental characteristics that make places both similar to and different from other places. D2.Geo.6.6 8 Explain how the physical and human characteristics of places and regions are connected to human identities and cultures. HOW JUNIOR SCHOLASTIC MEETS THE Junior Scholastic articles often focus on environmental and cultural issues throughout history as well as ones that currently affect the U.S. and the world. Article topics include how a region s geography affects its economy. Maps and infographics often include demographic information and other statistical data to provide a visual representation of the information presented in each article. Additional text features, such as charts and photographs, provide other ways to better understand different cultures around the world. Articles in the Student Edition provide multiple opportunities for students to read and learn about various cultures around the world. These articles often include historical information about the cultures discussed, which can show change over time, especially related to the environments the groups live in. Core Questions at the end of each article spark discussions about topics related to culture and cultural diversity. Junior Scholastic s website includes videos that provide additional information about the topics covered in the Student Edition, including those related to human identities and cultures. Junior Scholastic s World Affairs issue includes facts and figures on the world s 196 independent countries, including cultural data such as major languages spoken, life expectancy, and literacy rates. The information in this issue is expanded upon in the online Skills Manual, where students can analyze and synthesize the information provided in the Student Edition. HUMAN POPULATION: SPATIAL PATTERNS AND MOVEMENTS D2.Geo.7.6 8 Explain how changes in transportation and communication technology influence the spatial connections among human settlements and affect the diffusion of ideas and cultural practices. D2.Geo.8.6 8 Analyze how relationships between humans and environments extend or contract spatial patterns of settlement and movement. D2.Geo.9.6 8 Evaluate the influences of long-term, human-induced environmental change on spatial patterns of conflict and cooperation. Junior Scholastic articles often focus on current issues related to science, technology, and the environment, and highlight how the use of technology influences the ways in which humans connect with one another. Article topics include climate change and migration patterns. Map-skills activities encourage students to analyze changes over time in a region based on both physical and human geographic factors. Maps often include demographic information and other statistical data to provide a visual representation of the information presented in the article. Debates featured in every issue often focus on environmental issues and how they impact human life. Junior Scholastic s World Affairs issue includes facts and figures on the world s 196 independent countries, including environmental data, such as the percentage of people living in urban areas. The information in this issue is expanded upon in the online Skills Manual, where students can analyze and synthesize the information provided in the Student Edition. 7
GLOBAL INTERCONNECTIONS: CHANGING SPATIAL PATTERNS D2.Geo.10.6 8 Analyze the ways in which cultural and environmental characteristics vary among various regions of the world. D2.Geo.11.6 8 Explain how the relationship between the environmental characteristics of places and production of goods influences the spatial patterns of world trade. D2.Geo.12.6 8 Explain how global changes in population distribution patterns affect changes in land use in particular places. HOW JUNIOR SCHOLASTIC MEETS THE Map-skills activities in every issue encourage students to analyze changes over time in a region based on both physical and human geographic factors. These maps can be compared with maps of other regions to see the cultural and environmental similarities and differences between the two regions. Articles often focus on environmental issues and how they relate to global economies and societies, including how a country s geography affects its economy (e.g., the cobalt mining industry in the Democratic Republic of the Congo). Maps may show global trade and the supply chains of different products. Junior Scholastic s World Affairs issue includes facts and figures on the world s 196 independent countries, including environmental and economic data, such as the percentage of people living in urban areas. The information in this issue is expanded upon in the online Skills Manual, where students can analyze and synthesize the information provided in the Student Edition. HISTORY CHANGE, CONTINUITY, AND CONTEXT D2.His.1.6 8 Analyze connections among events and developments in broader historical contexts. D2.His.2.6 8 Classify series of historical events and developments as examples of change and/ or continuity. D2.His.3.6 8 Use questions generated about individuals and groups to analyze why they, and the developments they shaped, are seen as historically significant. Junior Scholastic articles focus on important historical time periods and events, including ancient civilizations, the Civil War, World War II and the Holocaust, the civil rights movement, the women s rights movement, and the Cold War. These features connect history to current events. Historical maps, timelines, and sidebars highlight relevant information about specific time periods or events in history. Plays and videos on Junior Scholastic s website focus on important historical time periods and events, including the age of exploration, the fall of Troy, the Little Rock Nine, and the Trail of Tears. A primary-source activity appears in every Teacher s Guide, encouraging students to analyze historical events and issues through firsthand accounts. These activities ask students to draw comparisons between the past and the present. Research and writing activities included in every Teacher s Guide and online allow students to further their study of a historical topic and help them understand events in historical context. Junior Scholastic s World Affairs issue includes facts and figures on the world s 196 independent countries, including historical data such as a nation s date of origin. Skills sheets in the Teacher s Guide and online help students hone their historical inquiry skills and generate further questions about historical topics. 8
PERSPECTIVES D2.His.4.6 8 Analyze multiple factors that influenced the perspectives of people during different historical eras. D2.His.5.6 8 Explain how and why perspectives of people have changed over time. D2.His.6.6 8 Analyze how people s perspectives influenced what information is available in the historical sources they created. HOW JUNIOR SCHOLASTIC MEETS THE A primary-source activity appears in every Teacher s Guide, encouraging students to analyze historical events and issues through firsthand perspectives. These activities ask students to draw comparisons between the past and the present, and examine why people s perspectives of a given event may have changed over time. Junior Scholastic s annual Eyewitness to History contest encourages students to interview someone who experienced a historical event firsthand and learn more about a particular event from their perspective. Close-reading and critical-thinking questions encourage students to analyze why and how people s perspectives have changed over time regarding civil rights, immigration, women s equality, and other issues. Articles include information and quotes from many relevant sources to provide multiple perspectives on a topic. Skills sheets and lesson activities in the Teacher s Guide and online provide multiple opportunities for students to analyze and evaluate multiple perspectives on historical and current topics. HISTORICAL SOURCES AND EVIDENCE D2.His.9.6 8 Classify the kinds of historical sources used in a secondary interpretation. D2.His.10.6 8 Detect possible limitations in the historical record based on evidence collected from different kinds of historical sources. D2.His.11.6 8 Use other historical sources to infer a plausible maker, date, place of origin, and intended audience for historical sources where this information is not easily identified. Junior Scholastic articles are secondary sources and feature both current events and historical topics. These can be compared to primary sources available in every Teacher s Guide and on the Junior Scholastic website to see the differences between the two types of sources. Research activities and writing prompts in the Teacher s Guide and online ask students to evaluate sources and conduct further research. Students can then explain the possible limitations of historical research based on what information is available about an event or time period. Skills sheets and lesson activities in the Teacher s Guide and online often focus on source evaluation, so students can practice determining the relevancy and utility of historical sources. D2.His.12.6 8 Use questions generated about multiple historical sources to identify further areas of inquiry and additional sources. D2.His.13.6 8 Evaluate the relevancy and utility of a historical source based on information such as maker, date, place of origin, intended audience, and purpose. 9
CAUSATION AND ARGUMENTATION D2.His.14.6 8 Explain multiple causes and effects of events and developments in the past. D2.His.15.6 8 Evaluate the relative influence of various causes of events and developments in the past. D2.His.16.6 8 Organize applicable evidence into a coherent argument about the past. D2.His.17.6 8 Compare the central arguments in secondary works of history on related topics in multiple media. HOW JUNIOR SCHOLASTIC MEETS THE Junior Scholastic articles focus on the causes and effects of historical time periods and events, including the Civil War, World War II and the Holocaust, the civil rights movement, the women s rights movement, and the Cold War. Close-reading and critical-thinking questions encourage students to analyze these events and determine how they influence the present. Historical maps, timelines, and sidebars highlight relevant information about specific time periods or events in history. Cause-and-effect skills sheets and lesson activities in the Teacher s Guide allow students to analyze primary and secondary sources related to historical time periods and events. Argument-writing skills sheets and lesson activities in the Teacher s Guide can be used with Junior Scholastic s history articles to help students develop historical arguments. The Debate feature in every issue sometimes focuses on a historical argument. Students can read each side, analyze and evaluate the arguments presented, and then construct their own arguments based on the evidence provided and their own research. Junior Scholastic articles are supported by photographs, charts, infographics, and maps, which contribute to the article s central argument. Online videos present additional viewpoints. Students can use multiple forms of media (as well as sources they have gathered on their own) to construct essays comparing the central arguments of each source. 10
DIMENSION 3: EVALUATING SOURCES AND USING EVIDENCE GATHERING AND EVALUATING SOURCES D3.1.6 8 Gather relevant information from multiple sources while using the origin, authority, structure, context, and corroborative value of the sources to guide the selection. D3.2.6 8 Evaluate the credibility of a source by determining its relevance and intended use. Secondary-source articles in the Student Edition and videos and primary sources on the Junior Scholastic website provide a starting point for gathering relevant sources about a social studies topic. These can be used as model sources to help students determine if other sources they find meet their needs, are relevant, and are valid. Students can practice evaluating sources in Junior Scholastic articles through the use of skills sheets and lesson activities in the Teacher s Guide and online. This practice will allow students to later evaluate the credibility of outside sources. DEVELOPING CLAIMS AND USING EVIDENCE D3.3.6 8 Identify evidence that draws information from multiple sources to support claims, noting evidentiary limitations. D3.4.6 8 Develop claims and counterclaims while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both. Text-evidence skills sheets and lesson activities are frequently featured in the Teacher s Guide and online. These activities provide students with the opportunity to practice evaluating multiple sources, determining evidence that supports their claims, and explaining how the evidence they find supports their arguments. The Debate feature in every issue provides a model for argument writing that students can follow after evaluating both sides and choosing which one they support. Research and writing activities in the Teacher s Guide and online often ask students to write argument essays where they must develop claims and counterclaims to support or refute an argument using facts and evidence. 11
DIMENSION 4: COMMUNICATING CONCLUSIONS AND TAKING INFORMED ACTION COMMUNICATING CONCLUSIONS D4.1.6 8 Construct arguments using claims and evidence from multiple sources, while acknowledging the strengths and limitations of the arguments. D4.2.6 8 Construct explanations using reasoning, correct sequence, examples, and details with relevant information and data, while acknowledging the strengths and weaknesses of the explanations. D4.3.6 8 Present adaptations of arguments and explanations on topics of interest to others to reach audiences and venues outside the classroom using print and oral technologies (e.g., posters, essays, letters, debates, speeches, reports, and maps) and digital technologies (e.g., internet, social media, and digital documentary). HOW JUNIOR SCHOLASTIC MEETS THE The Debate feature in each issue provides a model for argument writing that students can follow after evaluating both sides and deciding which one they support. Research and writing activities in the Teacher s Guide often ask students to create argument essays where they must develop arguments to support or refute a claim using facts and evidence. Skills sheets and lesson activities focus on analyzing informational writing. Skills practice includes determining main ideas and key details, making inferences, citing text evidence, analyzing sources, and more. Research and writing activities often require students to use the information in a Junior Scholastic article as a springboard for further research about a social studies topic, which can include constructing an explanatory essay about the topic. Skills sheets and lesson activities encourage students to present their findings in creative and innovative ways. Examples of recent research activities include holding a mock trial, creating a treaty, writing a speech, conducting a class debate, and creating posters or videos. CRITIQUING CONCLUSIONS D4.4.6 8 Critique arguments for credibility. D4.5.6 8 Critique the structure of explanations. The Debate feature in each issue asks students to evaluate two sides of a controversial issue and determine whether the reasoning is sound and the evidence is sufficient to support the claims. Skills sheets and lesson activities in the Teacher s Guide and online ask students to evaluate the structure of an argument and an informational text. TAKING INFORMED ACTION D4.6.6 8 Draw on multiple disciplinary lenses to analyze how a specific problem can manifest itself at local, regional, and global levels over time, identifying its characteristics and causes, and the challenges and opportunities faced by those trying to address the problem. D4.7.6 8 Assess their individual and collective capacities to take action to address local, regional, and global problems, taking into account a range of possible levers of power, strategies, and potential outcomes. Junior Scholastic articles often discuss the challenges that leaders, organizations, and charitable groups face when trying to address global problems. Research and writing activities in the Teacher s Guide and online provide opportunities for students to learn more about specific problems, how and why they occur, and potential solutions to those problems. They can then take their knowledge of the problem and find ways to be part of the solution. To order Junior Scholastic, call 1-800-387-1437 or email magazineinfo@scholastic.com 12