ELECTRONICS Advanced Higher

ELECTRONICS Advanced Higher Second edition published April 2000

NOTE OF CHANGES TO ARRANGEMENTS SECOND EDITION PUBLISHED ON CD-ROM APRIL 2000 COURSE TITLE: Electronics (Advanced Higher) COURSE NUMBER: C 027 13 National Course Specification Course Details Core skills statements expanded National Unit Specification All Units D143 13, Analogue and Digital Electronics D145 13, Electronics Project Core skills statements expanded Revisions made Revisions made 1

National Course Specification ELECTRONICS (ADVANCED HIGHER) COURSE NUMBER C027 13 COURSE STRUCTURE The course comprises three mandatory units as follows: D143 13 Analogue and Digital Electronics (AH) 1 credit (40 hours) D144 13 Microprocessor Systems Hardware (AH) 1 credit (40 hours) D145 13 Electronics Project (AH) 1 credit (40 hours) In common with all courses, this course includes 40 hours over and above the 120 hours for the component units. This is for induction, extending the range of learning and teaching approaches, support, consolidation, integration of learning and preparation for external assessment. This time is an important element of the course and advice on its use is included in the course details. Whilst the course is integrative in nature some sequential teaching will be required and it is advised that the units are approached in the sequence listed above. This will ensure that concepts are encountered at the appropriate stage of the course and can be reviewed, reinforced and further developed through application within later units. Every opportunity should be taken to integrate concepts where possible. RECOMMENDED ENTRY While entry is at the discretion of the centre, candidates would normally be expected to have attained one of the following: Scottish Group Award at Higher in a related area Higher Electronics equivalent National units Administrative Information Publication date: April 2000 Source: Scottish Qualifications Authority Version: 02 Scottish Qualifications Authority 2000 This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part for educational purposes provided that no profit is derived from reproduction and that, if reproduced in part, the source is acknowledged. Additional copies of this specification (including unit specifications) can be purchased from the Scottish Qualifications Authority for 7.50. Note: Unit specifications can be purchased individually for 2.50 (minimum order 5). 2

National Course Specification: course details (cont) COURSE Electronics (Advanced Higher) Centres may also wish to consider qualifications in other related subjects such as computer studies or equivalent clusters of National units at Higher. It is recommended that candidates should have achieved a minimum of Standard Grade 2 in Mathematics or demonstrated competence in the equivalent National units. CORE SKILLS This course gives automatic certification of the following: Complete core skills for the course Problem Solving H Numeracy H Additional core skills components for the course None For information about the automatic certification of core skills for any individual unit in this course, please refer to the general information at the beginning of the unit. Engineering 1: Electronics Advanced Higher Course 3

National Course Specification: course details (cont) COURSE Electronics (Advanced Higher) RATIONALE This course develops the fundamental theoretical and practical skills acquired through the study of Higher Electronics or equivalent. It is intended to provide the candidate with further understanding of electronics principles, components, circuits and systems. A wide range of topics is treated in sufficient depth to provide a basis for study of this rapidly developing subject area. Advanced Higher Electronics provides essential background knowledge for courses in electronics and mechatronics at Higher National Diploma and Degree level and is an important core course for candidates specialising in these areas. It is also suitable for those in other disciplines who need a good working knowledge of electronics. The central theme of the course is the analysis, design and implementation of analogue and digital circuits. The course comprises the three main building blocks of many electronic products, namely analogue, digital and microprocessor-based systems. Practical skills in electronics are developed throughout by using a variety of equipment such as multimeters, signal generators, oscilloscopes, digital and analogue measuring instruments, power supplies and logic probes. Engineering software tools now play an important role in the design and simulation of electronic circuitry. The candidates will be encouraged to use such software tools throughout the course in support of practical circuit implementations using currently available Integrated Circuits (ICs). As in all fields in which design is a major activity, the main task is to solve new problems as well as to apply known solutions. The kinds of tasks that arise in electronics include: designing a circuit to meet a specification evaluating the design using simulation techniques constructing and testing the design diagnosing faults and resolving them. Common to all these tasks is the requirement that the candidate copes with new and unexpected problems. It is intended that the candidate experiences the excitement of mastering a complex applied technology through the application of theory to the solution of practical problems. It is this wider capability that the course is seeking to foster. There are subsidiary aims which support this wider capability. In order to achieve these aims, tried and tested circuits are used as a basis for the study of the relevant electronic engineering techniques. These are often the starting point of the problem-solving tasks listed above and so are important component parts of the wider capability. Further development of the wider capability is achieved by the project. It provides opportunities to use problem-solving skills in a technical context. It integrates the tasks listed above into one goal driven activity. It offers the candidate an opportunity to experience the challenge and excitement of the wider electronic engineering capability. Engineering 1: Electronics Advanced Higher Course 4

National Course Specification: course details (cont) COURSE Electronics (Advanced Higher) COURSE CONTENT The content of this course reflects a systems approach in which the key areas of analogue, digital and microprocessor electronics are explored. All of the course content will be subject to sampling in the external assessment. The course aims are to develop: (a) an understanding of selected key technical issues within the field of electronics, the context in which they may be viewed and the constraints within which solutions or designs must be achieved (b) knowledge and skills of electronic principles and the application of these principles in solving problems or in meeting specifications (c) skills in communication and presentation (d) a receptive attitude towards technical change in the field of electronics (e) the ability to seek out research, analyse and apply such information as is necessary for the above aims. The course is divided into three units of equal length. Throughout the course practical activities using manufacturers integrated circuits, test equipment and computer simulation are employed to exemplify the principles introduced. The Analogue and Digital Electronics unit provides opportunities to explore key building blocks in these areas of electronics. The Microprocessor Systems Hardware unit enables the study of microprocessor systems and their interfacing. Both units involve practical examples. The Electronics Project unit allows the integration of knowledge and understanding covered in the other two units and earlier by means of a practical exercise. A brief description of the content of the three units which comprise the course follows. SUMMARY OF COURSE CONTENT Analogue and Digital Electronics (AH) This unit gives the candidate an understanding of analogue and digital electronic principles, components, circuits and systems. It develops the theoretical and practical skills required to perform electronic engineering analysis, design and development. Several topics are studied to provide a basis of understanding for this rapidly developing subject area. The central theme of this unit is analysis, design and development of analogue and digital circuits using manufacturers integrated circuits, test equipment and computer simulation. There are four areas of study: the analysis, design, development and testing of operational amplifier circuit applications which include the 2 nd order filter, window comparator and difference amplifier the application of specialised analogue integrated circuits which implement timer, phase-locked loop and waveform generation functions Engineering 1: Electronics Advanced Higher Course 5

National Course Specification: course details (cont) COURSE Electronics (Advanced Higher) the minimisation of Boolean expressions using both Boolean Algebra and Karnaugh Map methods and subsequent circuit simulation prior to PLD programming the analysis and test of MSI sequential logic devices. The content statements given in the left-hand column of the table below describe what the candidate should do to demonstrate the knowledge and understanding associated with the Analogue and Digital Electronics unit. The right-hand column suggests appropriate contexts, applications, illustrations and activities. Content statements Contexts, applications, illustrations and activities Operational amplifier circuit applications 1. Explaining the function of 2 nd order filters, window comparators and difference amplifiers from given schematic diagrams. 2. Explaining the parameter s cut-off frequency, roll-off, pass-band gain and damping factor as applied to second order filters. 3. Deriving the difference equation for the difference amplifier. 4. Explaining the parameter s upper and lower threshold as applied to window comparators. 5. Performing calculations. 6. Analysis and simulation to demonstrate the correct operation of given circuits. Analogue integrated circuit applications 1. Explaining the operation of specialised analogue integrated circuits such as the waveform generator, the time and the phaselocked loop. 2. Calculating circuit parameters for each of the specified integrated circuits. 3. Explaining the parameter s duty cycle and timing components. 4. Explaining the parameter s duty cycle and symmetry as applied to the waveform generator. 5. Designing, building and testing two of the specified circuits to a particular specification. 6. Understanding and drawing schematic diagrams for waveform generators, timers and phase-locked loops. Teaching notes and tutorial examples. Use normalised filter tables and denormalisation factor. Use the superposition theorem.. Tutorial sheets. Tutorial sheets. Use appropriate software package and compare results with the calculated results. Use block diagrams. Teaching notes. Written descriptions. Use given formulae. Use tutorial sheets. Use tutorial sheets. Use manufacturer s data sheets and given formulae. Use manufacturer s data sheets. Engineering 1: Electronics Advanced Higher Course 6

National Course Specification: course details (cont) COURSE Electronics (Advanced Higher) Combinational logic circuit design and PLD programming 1. Minimise Boolean expressions using Boolean Algebra and Karnaugh Maps. Use tutorial examples using both methods. Use truth tables. 2. Simulate the minimised circuit. Use appropriate software package. 3. Program and test a PLD with the minimised circuit. Use appropriate test equipment and software. MSI Sequential logic devices 1. Explaining state tables, synchronouus and asynchronous inputs for both JK and D-type bistables. Use tutorial examples and manufacturer s data sheets. 2. Testing Modulo-N MSI 4-bit counter. Use manufacturer s data sheets and preconstructed circuit. 3. Testing 8-bit MSI SIPO shift register. Use manufacturer s data sheets and preconstructed circuit. Engineering 1: Electronics Advanced Higher Course 7

National Course Specification: course details (cont) COURSE Electronics (Advanced Higher) SUMMARY OF COURSE CONTENT Microprocessor Systems Hardware (AH) This unit focuses on four main aspects of microprocessor-based systems as follows: their architecture and basic operation input and output data transfer methods parallel interfacing methods assembly language programming. The content statements in the left-hand column of the table below describe what the candidate should do to demonstrate the knowledge and understanding associated with the Microprocessor Systems Hardware unit. The right-hand column suggests appropriate contexts, applications, illustrations and activities. Content statements Contexts, applications, illustrations and activities Microprocessor-based systems 1. Describing a microprocessor-based system. Teaching notes and tutorials examples. 2. Explaining the function of each block in a microprocessor-based system. Use microprocessor-based system block diagram. 3. Describing the internal architecture of a Use the internal block diagram of a microprocessor. microprocessor. 4. Explaining memory structures and maps. Use manufacturer s data sheets and application notes. 5. Explaining memory address decoding Use manufacturer s data sheets and application techniques. notes. 6. Explaining the instruction fetch/execute cycle. Use instruction cycle timing diagram. 7. Explaining system bus functions. Use data, address and control bus timing diagrams. Input and output data transfers 1. Explaining parallel data transfers. Use microprocessor-based system block diagrams. Synchronous and asynchronous data transfer. Handshaking. 2. Explaining the use of interrupts. Hardware and software interrupts, system reset and interrupt vectors. Appropriate applications software. 3. Explaining the operation of non-maskable interrupts. Apply to a specific system. Appropriate applications software. Engineering 1: Electronics Advanced Higher Course 8

National Course Specification: course details (cont) COURSE Electronics (Advanced Higher) Peripheral interfaces 1. Explaining the operation of programmable peripheral interface integrated circuits. 2. Configuring programmable peripheral interface integrated circuits. 3. Testing and modifying configurations in programmable peripheral interface integrated circuits. Assembly language programming Manufacturer s data sheets and application information. Manufacturer s data sheets and application information. Control codes and tutorial examples. Use microprocessor system or simulation. Electronics laboratory environment. 1. Analysing assembly language programmes. Use chosen microprocessor manufacturer s instruction data. 2. Interpreting a software specification. Use prepared control programme examples. 3. Preparing a program change for a given Tutorial examples. software specification. 4. Modifying an existing program. Use appropriate software tools. 5. Testing a program modification. Use appropriate software tool. Engineering 1: Electronics Advanced Higher Course 9

National Course Specification: course details (cont) COURSE Electronics (Advanced Higher) SUMMARY OF COURSE CONTENT Electronics Project (AH) This is an integrative project offering opportunities for review and consolidation. Its purpose is to apply knowledge and understanding gained earlier in the course to solve a technical problem. Candidates should be provided with broad guidelines which allow a reasonable choice of problem and be given adequate scope to reach a personal solution. The project topic should require a problemsolving activity set in an industrial or commercial context. Research should be necessary, alternative solutions proposed and the one chosen should be justified. Access should be provided to reference materials, computing facilities and a suitable laboratory. Components and materials should be provided within a specified budget. The majority of project activities should be undertaken in an electronics laboratory environment. Candidates should work independently and be self-motivating. The project supervisor should adopt a mainly advisory role. The project supervisor must intervene if safe working practices are not being employed or if the project is drifting outwith an acceptable technical standard. The project should be set in a time framework acceptable to the centre. The candidate has to produce a bar chart project schedule and make progress reports at appropriate milestones. Supervisor and candidate responses to the progress reports have to be made and recorded. The content statements in the left-hand column of the table below describe what the candidate should do to demonstrate the knowledge and understanding associated with the Electronics Project unit. The right-hand column suggests appropriate contexts, applications, illustrations and activities. Content statements Contexts, applications, illustrations and activities Preparing a brief 1. Writing a project brief. Use exemplar brief as a guide. 2. Identifying project objectives. Use exemplar objectives as a guide. 3. Identifying project parameters. Use a general specification to identify the project s main parameters. Outline alternative solution strategies. 1. Researching alternatives. Provide adequate information. 2. Creating alternative solutions. Discussions with supervisor or in groups. 3. Analysing alternative solutions. Use a comparison framework designed to meet the project s main requirements. 4. Justifying a chosen project solution in terms of time and resource constraints. Provide exemplar justification. Engineering 1: Electronics Advanced Higher Course 10

National Course Specification: course details (cont) COURSE Electronics (Advanced Higher) Implement a solution 1. Preparing a pla n. Use a Gantt chart. 2. Monitoring a plan. Use the Gantt chart. 3. Reporting the progress of a project at agreed Use progress reports. Provide report format. intervals. 4. Taking effective action on receiving feedback from a project supervisor. Record the feedback and action on the progress reports. 5. Checking the project solution against the brief and specification. 6. Using appropriate tests, requisite equipment, the brief and the specification. Evaluate the solution 1. Evaluating a project solution. Use the project brief, the specification and the objectives as the basis for the evaluation. 2. Appraising project achievements. 3. The wider implications of the technical solution are given due consideration. 4. Drawing conclusions at the end of a project. 5. Presenting conclusions clearly and concisely. Use a structured report format. ASSESSMENT To gain the award of the course, the candidate must pass all the unit assessments as well as the external assessment. External assessment will provide the basis for grading attainment in the course award. When units are taken as component parts of a course, candidates will have the opportunity to achieve a level beyond that required to attain each of the unit outcomes. This achievement may, where appropriate, be recorded and used to contribute towards course estimates, and to provide evidence for appeals. Additional details are provided, where appropriate, with the exemplar assessment materials. Further information on the key principles of assessment are provided in the paper Assessment, (HSDU, 1996) and in Managing Assessment (HSDU, 1998). DETAILS OF INSTRUMENTS FOR EXTERNAL ASSESSMENT The external assessment will be a written examination paper. The time allocation for the question paper will be 3 hours. The paper will be worth 100 marks and will be in two parts as follows: Section A 40 marks A number of short questions will be set. The questions will sample widely across the course. Candidates should attempt all questions in this section. Section B 60 marks Four structured questions will be set to test the candidate s ability to deal with the integrated course content. Candidates should attempt three questions in this section. Each question will carry 20 marks. Engineering 1: Electronics Advanced Higher Course 11

National Course Specification: course details (cont) COURSE Electronics (Advanced Higher) GRADE DESCRIPTIONS The grade of award A, B or C will be based on the total score obtained from the two sections of the question paper. The descriptions below indicate the nature of the achievement which is required for the award of grade C and grade A in the course assessment. They are intended to assist candidates, teachers, lecturers and users of the certificate and to help establish standards when question papers are being set. Grade A For performance at grade A the candidate should be able to: use knowledge, understanding and skills which have been developed well in advance of those required for the basic study of the component units of this course demonstrate the ability to integrate advanced skills acquired in component units to solve larger problems of both a theoretical and a practical nature apply advanced knowledge and understanding to comprehensively solve complex and sometimes unstructured problems presented in a variety of contexts. Grade C For performance at grade C the candidate should be able to: use the appropriate knowledge, understanding and skills acquired through the study of the component units of this course demonstrate the ability to integrate skills acquired in component units to solve problems of both a theoretical and practical nature apply knowledge and understanding to solve problems presented in unfamiliar contexts. APPROACHES TO LEARNING AND TEACHING The course covers key areas of electronics. Sequential delivery of the units is preferable since this will assist candidates to gain a well structured appreciation of analogue and digital electronics and microprocessor systems hardware. For the unit Analogue and Digital Electronics it is recommended that it be taught in a laboratory with access to computers installed with suitable electronic simulation software. It is envisaged that the underlying theory be supplemented by investigative exercises based on practical activities using relevant manufacturers ICs. Where possible, computer simulation should be used to aid in the design and analysis of more complex circuit arrangements, for example in investigating filters. The candidate should always be made aware of practical industrial or commercial applications. The candidate should be made aware of the current trends in microprocessor development and the range of support hardware required for the development of a microprocessor-based system. The candidate should be introduced to assembly language to enable only the modification of existing software rather than the development of new software. The issues of electrical safety, environmental awareness and responsibility should permeate the learning and teaching process. Engineering 1: Electronics Advanced Higher Course 12

National Course Specification: course details (cont) COURSE Electronics (Advanced Higher) The project will test the candidate s ability to seek out, research, analyse and apply knowledge and understanding gained during the course. In addition the project aims to develop: (a) an understanding of selected key technical issues within the field of electronics, the context in which they may be viewed and the constraints within which solutions or designs must be achieved (b) knowledge and skills of electronic principles and the application of these principles in solving problems or in meeting specifications (c) skills in communication and presentation (d) a receptive attitude towards technical change in the field of electronics (e) the ability to seek out research, analyse and apply such information as is necessary for the above aims. For the project, the outcomes should be undertaken in the context of an integrative project set in an industrial or commercial context which requires the candidate to apply knowledge gained across the other units in the course. A typical project would involve candidates interpreting a specification and providing a design solution for a proposed instrumentation or communication system. An example of a typical project is a microprocessor-based temperature measuring system. This project would involve a range of elements that could be easily split between a number of candidates such as the design of the signal processing circuits for various transducers, the data acquisition system, the input/output interface and software modifications. Candidates should be expected to research ideas for solutions. All aspects of the project should be investigated with respect to the given specification. Special consideration should be given to matters relating to safety, efficiency and the environment. A critical evaluation of the effectiveness of the solution in meeting the specification should be produced. Candidates should be encouraged to maintain a project portfolio. It is envisaged that the project will provide additional support for the course. Within the 40 hours candidates could be given the opportunity to revisit areas of the course. Engineering 1: Electronics Advanced Higher Course 13

National Course Specification: course details (cont) COURSE Electronics (Advanced Higher) SUBJECT GUIDES A Subject Guide to accompany the Arrangements Documents has been produced by the Higher Still Development Unit (HSDU) in partnership with the Scottish Consultative Council on the Curriculum (SCCC) and Scottish Further Education Unit (SFEU). The Guide provides further advice and information about: support materials for each course learning and teaching approaches in addition to the information provided in the Arrangements document assessment ensuring appropriate access for candidates with special educational needs. The Subject Guide is intended to support the information contained in the Arrangements document. The SQA Arrangements documents contain the standards against which candidates are assessed. SPECIAL NEEDS This course specification is intended to ensure that there are no artificial barriers to learning or assessment. Special needs of individual candidates should be taken into account when planning learning experiences, selecting assessment instruments or considering alternative outcomes for units. For information on these, please refer to the SQA document Guidance on Special Assessment and Certification Arrangements for Candidates with Special Needs/Candidates whose First Language is not English (SQA, 1998). Engineering 1: Electronics Advanced Higher Course 14

National Unit Specification: general information Analogue and Digital Electronics (Advanced Higher) NUMBER D143 13 COURSE Electronics (Advanced Higher) SUMMARY This is a specialist unit which enables the candidate to acquire a knowledge of the analysis, design and development of analogue and digital circuits. This unit is suitable for inclusion in a programme of study for Electronics candidates at engineering technician level. OUTCOMES 1. Analyse operational amplifier circuit applications. 2. Analyse and use analogue integrated circuits in specific applications. 3. Minimise a combinational logic circuit and programme a Programmable Logic Device. 4. Analyse and test sequential logic devices. RECOMMENDED ENTRY While entry is at the discretion of the centre, candidates will normally be expected to have attained one of the following: Scottish Group Award at Higher in a related area Higher Electronics CREDIT VALUE 1 credit at Advanced Higher. Administrative Information Superclass: XL Publication date: April 2000 Source: Scottish Qualifications Authority Version: 02 Scottish Qualifications Authority 2000 This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part for educational purposes provided that no profit is derived from reproduction and that, if reproduced in part, the source is acknowledged. Additional copies of this unit specification can be purchased from the Scottish Qualifications Authority. The cost for each unit specification is 2.50 (minimum order 5). 15

National Unit Specification: general information (cont) Analogue and Digital Electronics (Advanced Higher) CORE SKILLS This unit gives automatic certification of the following: Complete core skills for the unit Numeracy H Additional core skills components for the unit None Engineering 1: Unit Specification Analogue and Digital Electronics: Electronics (AH) 16

National Unit Specification: statement of standards Analogue and Digital Electronics (Advanced Higher) Acceptable performance in this unit will be the satisfactory achievement of the standards set out in this part of the unit specification. All sections of the statement of standards are mandatory and cannot be altered without reference to the Scottish Qualifications Authority. OUTCOME 1 Analyse operational amplifier circuit applications. Performance criteria a. Explain the operation of operational amplifier circuit applications correctly. b. Circuit calculations are performed from given formulae. c. Two different operational amplifier circuit applications are accurately simulated using an appropriate software package. Note on the range of the outcome Operational amplifier applications: 2 nd order filters (using tables), window comparator, difference amplifier. Evidence requirements Written and graphical evidence (software printouts) that the candidate can explain the operation of specific operational amplifier applications with the aid of relevant calculations. OUTCOME 2 Analyse and use analogue integrated circuits in specific applications. Performance criteria a. Explain the operation of specialised analogue integrated circuits correctly. b. Circuit calculations are performed from given formulae. c. Two different analogue integrated circuit applications are correctly designed and tested. Note on the range of the outcome Analogue integrated circuits: Waveform generator, timer, phase-locked loop. Evidence requirements Written and graphical evidence that the candidate can explain the operation of the specific analogue integrated circuits with the aid of relevant calculations. Performance evidence that the candidate can design, construct and test analogue integrated circuit applications correctly. Engineering 1: Unit Specification Analogue and Digital Electronics: Electronics (AH) 17

National Unit Specification: statement of standards (cont) Analogue and Digital Electronics (Advanced Higher) OUTCOME 3 Minimise a combinational logic circuit and programme a Programmable Logic Device. Performance criteria a. Correctly minimise a logic function of 4-input variables from a truth table using Boolean algebra. b. Correctly minimise a logic function of 4-input variables from a truth table using a Karnaugh map. c. Simulate the minimised circuit to confirm that it operates to the original truth table. d. Program and test a PLD to implement accurately the minimised expression. Evidence requirements Written and graphical evidence is required to show that the candidate can minimise a logic function using both Boolean algebra and Karnaugh map techniques and can generate a minimised circuit that can be programmed onto a PLD and correctly tested. OUTCOME 4 Analyse and test sequential logic devices. Performance criteria a. Construct correctly the state tables for both the JK and D type bistables. b. State correctly the function of the synchronous and asynchronous inputs on JK and D type bistables. c. Analyse and test a 4 bit MSI modulo N counter. d. Analyse and test an 8 bit MSI SIPO shift register. Note on the range of the outcome 4 bit binary counter as a modulo N counter: Modulo N: N from 8 to 14. Evidence requirements Written and graphical evidence is required to show that the candidate can analyse basic sequential logic circuits and test MSI devices correctly. Engineering 1: Unit Specification Analogue and Digital Electronics: Electronics (AH) 18

National Unit Specification: support notes Analogue and Digital Electronics (Advanced Higher) This part of the unit specification is offered for guidance. The support notes are not mandatory. It is recommended that you refer to the SQA Arrangements document for Advanced Higher Electronics before delivering this unit. While the exact time allocated to this unit is at the discretion of the centre, the notional design length is 40 hours. GUIDANCE ON THE CONTENT AND CONTEXT FOR THIS This is essentially an investigative unit and should be taught in a laboratory environment. A combination of theory matched with practical activities should be involved. Every opportunity should be taken to examine commercial circuits and diagrams. The candidate should at all times comply with safety procedures and regulations. Underpinning knowledge of basic analogue op-amp parameters and configurations as well as mathematics is assumed. This may be obtained through the study of the unit Signal Processing and Noise (H). Underpinning knowledge of basic digital concepts, such as digital representation, number systems and truth tables, is assumed. This may be obtained through the study of the units Combinational Logic (Int 2) and Analogue and Digital Interfacing (H). GUIDANCE ON LEARNING AND TEACHING APPROACHES FOR THIS Investigative exercises using both computer simulation and manufacturers ICs should be used. These should be supported by candidate-centred support notes. The candidates should be encouraged to expand on their earlier knowledge by investigating filter arrangements, LEDs, specialised analogue integrated circuit applications, synchronous systems and PLDs. Data sheets should be used wherever possible. The concept of synchronous sequential logic design may be studied by examining a practical system such as a carwash or coffee dispenser. GUIDANCE ON APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT FOR THIS The candidate might produce a brief report in a standard format which contains evidence of the work undertaken in completing each assignment. An observation checklist could be kept by the teacher/lecturer as evidence of candidates completing practical assignments successfully. A candidate-centred resource-based approach to learning should be adopted in which candidates are encouraged to complete assignments in an independent manner. Engineering 1: Unit Specification Analogue and Digital Electronics: Electronics (AH) 19

National Unit Specification: support notes (cont) Analogue and Digital Electronics (Advanced Higher) SPECIAL NEEDS This unit specification is intended to ensure that there are no artificial barriers to learning or assessment. Special needs of individual candidates should be taken into account when planning learning experiences, selecting assessment instruments or considering alternative outcomes for units. For information on these, please refer to the SQA document Guidance on Special Assessment and Certification Arrangements for Candidates with Special Needs/Candidates whose First Language is not English (SQA, 1998). Engineering 1: Unit Specification Analogue and Digital Electronics: Electronics (AH) 20

National Unit Specification: general information Microprocessor Systems Hardware (Advanced Higher) NUMBER D144 13 COURSE Electronics (Advanced Higher) SUMMARY This unit is designed to enable the candidate to explain the operation of a microprocessor-based system and its associated memory and input/output devices. OUTCOMES 1. Describe a microprocessor-based system. 2. Explain methods of input and output data transfer. 3. Use a programmable peripheral interface integrated circuit. 4. Suitably modify an assembly language program. RECOMMENDED ENTRY While entry is at the discretion of the centre, candidates would normally be expected to have attained one of the following: Scottish Group Award at Higher in a related area Higher Electronics CREDIT VALUE 1 credit at Advanced Higher. CORE SKILLS There is no automatic certification of core skills or core skills components in this unit. Administrative Information Superclass XL Publication date: April 2000 Source: Scottish Qualifications Authority Version: 02 Scottish Qualifications Authority 2000 This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part for educational purposes provided that no profit is derived from reproduction and that, if reproduced in part, the source is acknowledged. Additional copies of this unit specification can be purchased from the Scottish Qualifications Authority. The cost for each unit specification is 2.50 (minimum order 5). 20

National Unit Specification: statement of standards Microprocessor Systems Hardware (Advanced Higher) Acceptable performance in this unit will be the satisfactory achievement of the standards set out in this part of the unit specification. All sections of the statement of standards are mandatory and cannot be altered without reference to the Scottish Qualifications Authority. OUTCOME 1 Describe a microprocessor-based system. Performance criteria a. Given the block diagram of a microprocessor-based system, the function of four blocks is clearly described. b. Semiconducting memory, memory organisation and memory decoding techniques used in microprocessor systems are clearly explained. c. The internal architecture of a microprocessor system is clearly described. d. The basic instruction cycle and system bus functions are clearly explained. Note on the range of the outcome Microprocessor-based system: memory devices, microprocessor, input/output interface, address, control and data bus interconnections. Memory organisation: dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), programmable read only memory (PROM), video random access memory (VRAM), cache memory. Memory organisation: system memory map, memory and dedicated input/output. Evidence requirements Written and graphical evidence that the candidate can correctly describe the function of each part of a microprocessor-based system in terms of internal memory, memory organisation, memory decoding, the instruction cycle and system bus. OUTCOME 2 Explain methods of input and output data transfer. Performance criteria a. Parallel data transfer techniques are clearly explained. b. The technique of interrupts to synchronise data transfer is clearly explained. c. The operation of a non-maskable interrupt (NMI) as a technique for determining the priority of an interrupting device is clearly explained. Evidence requirements Written and graphical evidence that the candidate can correctly explain parallel methods of data transfer and the technique of interrupting in data transfer. Engineering 1: Unit Specification Microprocessor Systems Hardware: Electronics (AH) 21

National Unit Specification: statement of standards (cont) Microprocessor Systems Hardware (Advanced Higher) OUTCOME 3 Use a programmable peripheral interface integrated circuit. Performance criteria a. Given the block diagram of a programmable peripheral interface integrated circuit, its operation is clearly explained. b. Using a manufacturer s data sheets, a programmable peripheral interface integrated circuit configuration is designed to meet a given specification. c. Given suitable software and hardware, a programmable peripheral interface integrated circuit is configured and tested to meet a particular mode of operation. Note on the range of the outcome The range of the outcome is fully expressed in the performance criteria. Evidence requirements Written and graphical evidence that the candidate can explain the operation of a programmable parallel interface integrated circuit. Performance evidence that the candidate can programme and test a programmable parallel interface integrated circuit. OUTCOME 4 Suitably modify an assembly language program. Performance criteria a. Given a functional assembly language program, it is analysed and its operation is clearly explained. b. A specified operational change for the assembly language program is correctly designed. c. The specified operational change for the assembly language program is implemented and tested until fully functional. Note on the range of the outcome The range of the outcome is fully expressed in the performance criteria. Evidence requirements Written and graphical evidence that the candidate can explain and modify a given assembly language program. Performance evidence that the candidate can implement and test a specified modification to an assembly language program until it is functional. Engineering 1: Unit Specification Microprocessor Systems Hardware: Electronics (AH) 22

National Unit Specification: support notes Microprocessor Systems Hardware (Advanced Higher) This part of the unit specification is offered for guidance. The support notes are not mandatory. It is recommended that you refer to the SQA Arrangements document for Advanced Higher Electronics before delivering this unit. While the exact time allocated to this unit is at the discretion of the centre, the notional design length is 40 hours. GUIDANCE ON THE CONTENT AND CONTEXT FOR THIS Microprocessor Systems Hardware should be regarded as a specialist unit introducing the candidate to microprocessor-based systems. This unit is part of Advanced Higher Electronics and would be best delivered in an integrated manner in conjunction with other units of the course. Underpinning knowledge of basic digital concepts and analogue interfacing is assumed. This may be obtained through the study of the unit Analogue and Digital Interfacing (H). This unit should be studied in a laboratory environment where theory, simulation and practical investigation can be undertaken. The candidates should be encouraged to consider the advantages and disadvantages of using a microprocessor in the control of a system, for example a washing machine or engine management unit. Simulation software showing the instruction cycle could be used to show bus activities or a microprocessor connected to a logic analyser. Candidate-centred notes should be used supported by practical demonstrations using assembly language programs supplied for the microprocessor. The candidate should gain familiarity with assembly language. GUIDANCE ON LEARNING AND TEACHING APPROACHES FOR THIS A candidate-centred resource-based approach to learning should be adopted in which candidates are encouraged to complete assignments in an independent manner. GUIDANCE ON APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT FOR THIS The candidate could produce a brief report in a standard format which contains evidence of the work undertaken in completing each assignment. An observation checklist should be kept by the teacher/lecturer as evidence of candidates completing practical assignments successfully. Engineering 1: Unit Specification Microprocessor Systems Hardware: Electronics (AH) 23

National Unit Specification: support notes (cont) Microprocessor Systems Hardware (Advanced Higher) SPECIAL NEEDS This unit specification is intended to ensure that there are no artificial barriers to learning or assessment. Special needs of individual candidates should be taken into account when planning learning experiences, selecting assessment instruments or considering alternative outcomes for units. For information on these, please refer to the SQA document Guidance on Special Assessment and Certification Arrangements for Candidates with Special Needs/Candidates whose First Language is not English (SQA, 1998). Engineering 1: Unit Specification Microprocessor Systems Hardware: Electronics (AH) 24

National Unit Specification: general information Electronics Project (Advanced Higher) NUMBER D145 13 COURSE Electronics (Advanced Higher) SUMMARY This unit is designed to enable the candidate to apply their knowledge to solve an electronic engineering problem and meet a given specification. OUTCOMES 1. Prepare a project brief for an electronic engineering problem. 2. Analyse alternative solutions for an electronic engineering problem, and select the most appropriate. 3. Implement and test your chosen solution for an electronic engineering problem. 4. Produce a technical report. RECOMMENDED ENTRY While entry is at the discretion of the centre, candidates would normally be expected to have attained the other units of the Advanced Higher Electronics, ie: Analogue and Digital Electronics (AH) Microprocessor Systems Hardware (AH). CREDIT VALUE 1 credit at Advanced Higher. Administrative Information Superclass XL Publication date: April 2000 Source: Scottish Qualifications Authority Version: 02 Scottish Qualifications Authority 2000 This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part for educational purposes provided that no profit is derived from reproduction and that, if reproduced in part, the source is acknowledged. Additional copies of this unit specification can be purchased from the Scottish Qualifications Authority. The cost for each unit specification is 2.50 (minimum order 5). 24

National Unit Specification: general information (cont) Electronics Project (Advanced Higher) CORE SKILLS This unit gives automatic certification of the following: Complete core skills for the unit Problem Solving H Additional core skills components for the unit None Engineering 1: Unit Specification Electronics Project: Electronics (AH) 25

National Unit Specification: statement of standards Electronics Project (Advanced Higher) Acceptable performance in this unit will be the satisfactory achievement of the standards set out in this part of the unit specification. All sections of the statement of standards are mandatory and cannot be altered without reference to the Scottish Qualifications Authority. OUTCOME 1 Prepare a project brief for an electronic engineering problem. Performance criteria a. The brief includes a clear and accurate statement of the electronic engineering problem. b. The brief includes a valid identification of the objectives to be achieved and the parameters to be considered. c. The brief clearly identifies that consideration has been given to health and safety requirements. Evidence requirements The candidate is required to prepare a written project brief. OUTCOME 2 Prepare and analyse alternative solutions for an electronic engineering problem, and select the most appropriate. Performance criteria a. Alternative solutions for an electronic engineering problem are accurately described. b. The solutions are critically analysed, one chosen and the choice clearly justified. c. The chosen solution is appropriate in terms of time, cost and resource constraints. Evidence requirements The candidate will be required to prepare a written report, and simulation results or printouts if used. OUTCOME 3 Implement and test your chosen solution for an electronic engineering problem. Performance criteria a. Planning documentation is clear in terms of resources and time scale. b. Progress is clearly reported to the project supervisor at agreed intervals. c. Effective action is taken on feedback from the project supervisor. d. The chosen solution is constructed and tested until functional. Evidence requirements The candidate will be required to provide a plan and at least three progress reports showing the action taken from the project supervisor s feedback. The candidate is required to construct a tested functional solution in the form of an electronic circuit or similar piece of hardware. A circuit simulation or a software programme may not be offered as evidence. Engineering 1: Unit Specification Electronics Project: Electronics (AH) 26

National Unit Specification: statement of standards (cont) Electronics Project (Advanced Higher) OUTCOME 4 Produce a technical report. Performance criteria a. The report clearly identifies the given problem. b. Evidence of the analysis is thorough. c. The proposed solution is fully justified. d. The effectiveness of the approach taken is critically reviewed. e. The wider implications of the technical solution are given due consideration. f. Conclusions drawn are soundly based and well argued. g. The report is clear, concise, suitably structured and well presented. Evidence requirements Written and graphical evidence of the candidate s ability to produce a technical report which correctly analyses a problem and justifies the solution reached through research and investigation. The candidate should achieve the level of competence of someone who is able to communicate a solution to an electronics problem by applying knowledge and understanding of electronics and justify the solution reached in a technical report. Engineering 1: Unit Specification Electronics Project: Electronics (AH) 27

National Unit Specification: support notes Electronics Project (Advanced Higher) This part of the unit specification is offered for guidance. The support notes are not mandatory. It is recommended that you refer to the SQA Arrangements document for Advanced Higher Electronics before delivering this unit. While the exact time allocated to this unit is at the discretion of the centre, the notional design length is 40 hours. GUIDANCE ON THE CONTENT AND CONTEXT FOR THIS 1. General guidelines including relevance to the course being undertaken, scope and complexity of the project, the purpose of project briefs, and the standard of presentation. 2. Analysis of factors such as available resources, materials, function, utility, time and costs. 3. Planning procedures, use of Gantt charts, attitude and conduct, and safe working practices. 4. Analysis of effectiveness of implementation in terms of function, quality and accuracy in relation to the declared objectives. GUIDANCE ON LEARNING AND TEACHING APPROACHES FOR THIS There should be easy access to reference materials, computing facilities, laboratory and workshop equipment, and basic components. The project supervisor should adopt an advisory role except in aspects of safety or if the project is drifting outwith an acceptable technical standard. GUIDANCE ON APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT FOR THIS The candidate should produce a formal report containing evidence of the work undertaken to complete each outcome. In addition a piece of functioning hardware should be produced. SPECIAL NEEDS This unit specification is intended to ensure that there are no artificial barriers to learning or assessment. Special needs of individual candidates should be taken into account when planning learning experiences, selecting assessment instruments or considering alternative outcomes for units. For information on these, please refer to the SQA document Guidance on Special Assessment and Certification Arrangements for Candidates with Special Needs/Candidates whose First Language is not English (SQA, 1998). Engineering 1: Unit Specification Electronics Project: Electronics (AH) 28