Table of Contents DOMAIN I READING... 1 COMPETENCY 1 KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS... 3 Skill 1.1: Draw inferences from and understand implications of the directly stated content of a reading selection...3 Skill 1.2: Identify summaries or paraphrases of the main idea or primary purpose of a reading selection...5 Skill 1.3: Identify summaries or paraphrases of the supporting ideas and specific details in a reading selection...6 Skill 1.4: Identify how and why individuals, events, or ideas interact within a text; determine how an idea or detail informs an author s argument...7 COMPETENCY 2 CRAFT, STRUCTURE, AND LANGUAGE SKILLS... 10 Skill 2.1: Determine the author's attitude toward material in a reading selection through word choices that reflect meaning and tone... 10 Skill 2.2: Identify the key transition words and phrases and how they are used to denote meaning... 11 Skill 2.3: Identify how a reading selection is organized in terms of cause/effect, compare/contrast, problem/solution, etc... 13 Skill 2.4: Assess how point of view or purpose shapes the content and style of a text... 13 Skill 2.5: Determine the role than an idea, reference, or piece of information plays in an author s discussion or argument... 13 Skill 2.6: Apply knowledge of language to understand how language functions in different contexts and to comprehend more fully when reading. Determine whether information presented in a reading selection is presented as fact or opinion... 13 Skill 2.7: Identify the meanings of words as they are used in the context of a reading selection... 14 Skill 2.8: Determine the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases by using context clues... 15 Skill 2.9: Understand figurative language and nuances in word meanings... 19 Skill 2.10: Understand a range of words and phrases sufficient for reading at the college and career readiness level... 21 COMPETENCY 3 INTEGRATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND IDEAS... 22 Skill 3.1: Analyze content presented in diverse media and formats, including visually and quantitatively, as well as in words... 22 Skill 3.2: Identify and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, including the validity of reasoning as well as the relevance and sufficiency of the evidence... 23 iii
PRAXIS Skill 3.3: Determine whether evidence strengthens, weakens, or is relevant to the arguments in a reading selection... 26 Skill 3.4: Determine the logical assumptions upon which an argument or conclusion is based... 26 Skill 3.5: Draw conclusions from material presented in a reading selection... 26 Skill 3.6: Analyze how two or more texts address similar themes or topics in order to build knowledge and/or compare approaches the authors take... 27 READING... 31 Answer Key... 39 DOMAIN II WRITING... 57 COMPETENCY 4 TEXT TYPES, PURPOSES AND PRODUCTION... 59 Skill 4.1: Producing an Argumentative Essay... 59 Skill 4.2: Producing Informative or Explanatory Texts... 64 Skill 4.3: The Revision and Editing Process in Text Production... 69 Skill 4.4: Apply Knowledge of Language and its Functions to EnhanceMeaning and Style when Revising... 72 Skill 4.5: Revising to Maintain Consistency in Style and Tone... 73 COMPETENCY 5 LANGUAGE SKILLS FOR WRITING GRAMMATICAL RELATIONSHIPS... 75 Skill 5.1: Identify errors in the use of adjectives and adverbs... 75 Skill 5.2: Identify errors in noun noun agreement... 81 Skill 5.3: Identify errors in pronoun-antecedent agreement... 84 Skill 5.4: Identify errors in pronoun case... 88 Skill 5.5: Identify errors in the use of intensive pronouns... 89 Skill 5.6: Identify errors in pronoun number and person... 89 Skill 5.7: Identify errors in the use of vague pronouns... 89 Skill 5.8: Recognize and correct errors in subject-verb agreement... 90 Skill 5.9: Recognize and correct inappropriate shifts in verb tense... 95 COMPETENCY 6 LANGUAGE AND RESEARCH SKILLS FOR WRITING: STRUCTURAL RELATIONSHIPS... 96 Skill 6.1: Identify errors in the placement of phrases and clauses... 96 Skill 6.2: Identify errors of misplaced and dangling modifiers... 98 iv GACE PROGRAM ADMISSION 200, 201, 202, 700
Skill 6.3: Identify errors in the use of coordinating and subordinating conjunctions...102 Skill 6.4: Recognize and correct sentence fragments and run-on sentences...107 Skill 6.5: Identify errors in the use of correlative conjunctions...114 Skill 6.6: Identify errors in parallel structure...114 COMPETENCY 7 LANGUAGE SKILLS FOR WRITING: WORD CHOICE... 119 Skill 7.1: Identify errors in the use of idiomatic expressions...119 Skill 7.2: Identify errors in the use of frequently confused words...122 Skill 7.3: Identify wrong word use...129 Skill 7.4: Recognize and correct errors in redundancy...137 Skill 7.5: Sentences free of errors in the conventions of standard English grammar and usage...137 COMPETENCY 8 LANGUAGE SKILLS FOR WRITING: CAPITALIZATION AND PUNCTUATION... 140 Skill 8.1: Identify errors in capitalization...140 Skill 8.2: Identify errors in punctuation...141 Skill 8.3: Recognize sentences free of errors in the conventions of standard English capitalization and punctuation...149 COMPETENCY 9 RESEARCH SKILLS... 151 Skill 9.1: Assess the credibility and relevance of sources...151 Skill 9.2: Recognize the different elements of a citation...153 Skill 9.3: Recognize effective research strategies...153 Skill 9.4: Recognize information relevant to a particular research task...154 WRITING... 155 Answer Key...164 DOMAIN III MATHEMATICS... 179 COMPETENCY 10 NUMBER AND QUANTITY... 181 Skill 10.1: Understand ratio concepts and use ratio reasoning to solve problems...181 Skill 10.2: Analyze proportional relationships and use them to solve real-world and mathematical problems...182 v
PRAXIS Skill 10.3: Apply understanding of multiplication and division to divide fractions by fractions...185 Skill 10.4: Compute fluently with multi-digit numbers and find common factors and multiples...186 Skill 10.5: Apply understanding of operations with fractions to add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational number...193 Skill 10.6: Know that there are numbers that are not rational, and approximate them by rational numbers...198 Skill 10.7: Work with radicals and integer exponents...199 Skill 10.8: Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problem...200 COMPETENCY 11 ALGEBRA AND FUNCTIONS... 203 Skill 11.1: Apply understanding of arithmetic to algebraic expressions...203 Skill 11.2: Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions...203 Skill 11.3: Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions...204 Skill 11.4: Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations...207 Skill 11.5: Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning...209 Skill 11.6: Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities...209 Skill 11.7: Solve equations and inequalities in one variable...210 Skill 11.8: Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations...212 Skill 11.9: Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically...214 Skill 11.10: Interpreting functions...217 Skill 11.11: Building functions...218 COMPETENCY 12 GEOMETRY... 221 Skill 12.1: Draw, construct, and describe geometrical figures and describe the relationships between them...221 Skill 12.2: Experiment with transformations in the plane...236 Skill 12.3: Understand and apply the Pythagorean theorem...238 Skill 12.4: Understand and apply theorems about circles...239 Skill 12.5: Solve real-life and mathematical problems involving angle measure, area, surface area, and volume...239 Skill 12.6: Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems...240 Skill 12.7: Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations...241 COMPETENCY 13 STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY... 242 Skill 13.1: Develop understanding of statistical variability...242 Skill 13.2: Summarize and describe distributions...242 Skill 13.3: Use random sampling to draw inferences about a population...247 Skill 13.4: Investigate chance processes and develop, use, and evaluate probability models...248 Skill 13.5: Investigate patterns of association in bivariate data...252 Skill 13.6: Summarize, represent, and interpret data on a single count or measurement variable...256 Skill 13.7: Interpret linear models...260 vi GACE PROGRAM ADMISSION 200, 201, 202, 700
Skill 13.8: Understand and evaluate random processes underlying statistical experiments...260 Skill 13.9: Use probability to evaluate outcomes of decisions...261 MATHEMATICS... 262 Answer Key...271 vii