A book of Green s scope is bound to provoke disagreement over one or another interpretation and specialists will be able to point to scholarship that he has missed, but that should not detract from its importance. It is learned, thought-provoking, and well-written. Patrick J. Harrigan, Historical Studies in Education The author himself is shown as an historian of education politics well versed in developments in continental Europe as well as Britain. The book is eminently readable, and well argued and documented. Witold Tulasiewicz, Comparative Education Andy Green has written a very good book indeed. He has employed a comparative historical focus to explain the very uneven development of schooling in 19th-century Europe and North America, and more specifically to explain the relative backwardness of education in England and Wales, especially in the vocational area... This programme is followed through and its value outstandingly demonstrated in chapters on the relationship between education and state formation in Prussia and France, the USA and England... Any sense of breathlessness in these brief accounts is, though, largely obviated by the tightness and skill with which the theoretical framework is elaborated in and through them and by the vitality and overall coherence of the interpretations offered. Roger Dale, Journal of Education Policy I think it would be a very exceptional minister, senior civil servant or director of education who would not benefit from a course in the history and philosophy of education with a comparative bias and from reading Andy Green. Green s seminal book treats the relationship between education and the state. Anne Corbett, Times Educational Supplement The Rise of Education Systems in England, France and USA the first serious, all-embracing, socio-historical, cross-national analysis of this whole phenomenon. In my view this should be required reading for all government ministers, whatever their hue or degree of dampness, since it reveals the historical roots of what has been called the British disease which has landed us at our present level of relative backwardness so vividly, and indignantly high-lighted by Clause Moser. Brian Simon, Centenary Lecture, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne Andy Green s book makes a vital contribution to our understanding of the changing role of the state in education provision. It should be read widely and particularly by leading policy-makers in all the main political parties. Clyde Chitty, Forum In the successive revisions of the National Curriculum, there appears to have been a strong emphasis on keeping interest groups happy rather than developing well-theorized content. This is a tendency which is an enduring feature of the English education system, according to Professor Andy Green, in his seminal Education and State Formation. Tim Oates, Cambridge Assessment
Education, Economy and Society Series Editors: Andy Green, Institute of Education, University of London, UK; Lorna Unwin, Institute of Education, University of London, UK; Karen Mundy, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Canada. Titles include: Andy Green EDUCATION AND STATE FORMATION (2nd edition) Europe, East Asia and the USA Andy Green and Jan Germen Janmaat REGIMES OF SOCIAL COHESION Societies and the Crisis of Globalization Maha Shuayb (editor) RETHINKING EDUCATION FOR SOCIAL COHESION International Case Studies Emer Smyth, Maureen Lyons and Merike Darmody (editors) RELIGIOUS EDUCATION IN A MULTICULTURAL EUROPE Children, Parents and Schools Education, Economy and Society Series Standing Order ISBN 978 0 230 29007 9 Hardback ISBN 978 0 230 29008 2 Paperback (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England Also by Andy Green REGIMES OF SOCIAL COHESION: Societies and the Crisis of Globalisation (with Germ Janmaat) EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN A GLOBAL ERA: Strategies for Successful Globalisation (with others) EDUCATION, EQUALITY AND SOCIAL COHESION (with John Preston and Germ Janmaat) HIGH SKILLS: Globalization, Competitiveness and Skills Formation (with Phil Brown and Hugh Lauder) CONVERGENCE AND DIVERGENCE IN EUROPEAN EDUCATION AND TRAINING SYSTEMS (with Alison Wolf and Tom Leney) WHERE ARE THE RESOURCES FOR LIFELONG LEARNING? (with Ann Hodgson and Gareth Williams) FURTHER EDUCATION AND LIFELONG LEARNING: Realigning the Sector for the 21st Century (with Norman Lucas) YOUTH EDUCATION AND WORK: World Yearbook on Education (with Les Bash) EDUCATION LIMITED: Schooling and Training since 1979 (with others)
Education and State Formation Europe, East Asia and the USA 2nd edition Andy Green Institute of Education, University of London, UK
Andy Green 1990, 2013 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2013 978-1-137-34173-0 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6 10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2013 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave and Macmillan are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-137-34174-7 ISBN 978-1-137-34175-4 (ebook) DOI 10.1057/9781137341754 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
Contents List of Figures and Tables vi Introduction 1 1 The Uneven Development of National Education Systems in the West 11 2 The Social Origins of National Education Systems 35 3 Education and State Formation 82 4 Education and Statism in Continental Europe 115 5 The US Experience: Education, Nationhood and the Decentralized State 170 6 English Education and the Liberal State 204 Conclusion: Education and State Formation in the West 297 Postscript: Education and State Formation in East Asia 305 Notes 386 Bibliography 415 Index 431 v
Figures and Tables Figures P.1 Trends in income inequality in Asia 321 Tables I.1 Truth table 7 1.1 Percentage of white population enrolled, 5 19 years, 1840 22 1.2 School children as percentage of total population 23 1.3 Students as percentage of total population, 1850 24 1.4 Ratio of pupils to teachers 32 1.5 Percentage of adult illiteracy, c.1850 33 1.6 Percentage of adult illiteracy, 1878 33 2.1 Regional enrolment rates 70 4.1 Social origins of secondary students in Germany and France (in percentages) 129 4.2 Percentage of time spent on each subject during seven-year lycée course in 1852 159 4.3 Social origins of students in lycées and collèges between 1864 and 1868 (in percentages) 166 P.1 Rates of return to education in East Asia and elsewhere 347 P.2 School enrolment ratios in East Asia and other regions 349 P.3 Average years of schooling attained by population over 15, 1960 and 1990, regions and countries 349 P.4 Public expenditure on education as a percentage of GNP, 1960 and 1989, countries and region 350 vi