ONDERWIJS EN JEUGDWERKLOOSHEID Dirk Van Damme, Head of the Innovation and Measuring Progress Division, Directorate for Education and Skills, OECD
60 Youth unemployment rate (as % of youth labour force), 15-24 year-olds 50 40 30 20 10 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Austria Belgium Denmark France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Netherlands Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom OECD-Total 2
United Kingdom Norway Spain Italy OECD average Portugal Austria Ireland Switzerland Korea Denmark Netherlands Sweden Greece France Belgium Estonia Iceland Finland Slovak Republic Germany Czech Republic Hungary Poland Luxembourg Inactivity among very young youth Percentage of 15-19 year-old NEET (2011) 20 18 16 14 12 % 10 8 6 4 2 0 Not in education and unemployed Not in education and not in the labour force Not in education (Total) 3
Some key data for Belgium (2011-2012) Of 15-29 year-olds are 47% in education 53% not in education 39.1% employed 13.9% not in employment 7.8% not in the labour force 6.1% unemployed» 2.9% more than 6 months» 3.2% less than 6 months 4
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 1: MAKE SURE ALL YOUTH HAVE A BASIC QUALIFICATION 5
Employment rate by educational attainment, 2005-11, 25-34 year-olds 100 95 Belgium below upper sec Belgium upper secondary Belgium tertiary OECD av below secondary OECD av upper secondary OECD av tertiary EU21 av below upper secondary EU21 av upper secondary EU21 av tertiary 25-34 year-olds 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 6
Employment rate by educational attainment, 2005-11, 45-54 year-olds 100 95 Belgium below upper sec Belgium upper secondary Belgium tertiary OECD av below secondary OECD av upper secondary OECD av tertiary EU21 av below upper secondary EU21 av upper secondary EU21 av tertiary 45-54 year-olds 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 7
Employment rate gap for 25-34 y-olds with less than upper sec, 2005-11 30 Belgium difference in employment rates upper sec minus below secondary OECD difference in employment rates upper sec minus below secondary EU21 difference in employment rates upper sec minus below secondary 25-34 year-olds 25 20 15 10 5 n 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 8
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STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 2: ENSURE HIGHER LEVELS OF TERTIARY ATTAINMENT 10
Evolution of employment in occupational groups defined by level of education Percent 25 20 15 Percentage change in the share of employment relative to 1998, by occupational groups defined by workers average level of education Occupations with high educated workers Occupations with medium educated workers Occupations with low-educated workers 10 5 0-5 -10-15 11
Ireland United Kingdom Norway Luxembourg France Sweden Belgium Switzerland Netherlands Finland Iceland Poland Spain Estonia OECD average Denmark Slovenia Greece Hungary Germany Portugal Slovak Republic Czech Republic Austria Italy Tertiary attainment rate (2011) % 70 25-34 year-olds 25-64 year-olds 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 12
Ireland Turkey Spain Poland Portugal Luxembourg Korea Iceland Italy Slovak Republic New Zealand Australia Switzerland OECD average Czech Republic Hungary Greece Mexico Canada United Kingdom France Austria Denmark Japan Netherlands Belgium United States Finland Annual growth rate in tertiary educational attainment rate (1998-2008) % 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Overall population growth Attainment rate growth -1
Japan England/N. Australia Ireland Canada Estonia Germany Spain Average Korea Austria Czech Republic Norway United States Sweden Denmark Slovak Republic Finland Poland Cyprus¹ ² Flanders (Belgium) Netherlands Italy Risk of over-qualification? Percentage of workers whose highest qualification is higher than the qualification they deem necessary to get their job today (PIAAC, 2011) 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 14
Austria Czech Republic Denmark England/N. Ireland (UK) Estonia Finland Flanders (Belgium) Germany Ireland Italy Netherlands Norway Poland Slovak Republic Spain Sweden United States 0 1 2 3 4 Flemish youth is not more or less overqualified than older workers Adjusted odds ratio showing the likelihood of over-qualification by age group 16-24 year olds 45-54 year olds 15
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 3: PROVIDE HIGHER QUALITY AND MORE RELEVANT EDUCATIONAL TRAJECTORIES 16
Employment rate 25-34 & 35-44 years-old, upper secondary attainment, by programme orientation General Vocational Total General Vocational Total 25-34 35-44 Belgium 69.24 83.01 79.44 80.31 85.38 84.12 Netherlands 75.98 88.13 85.75 83.24 87.29 86.33 Germany 53.25 84.27 80.33 73.35 85.89 85.65 France 75.15 79.17 77.87 83.19 85.29 84.70 OECD average 69.03 79.18 75.57 78.28 83.57 81.23 EU21 average 67.79 78.17 76.28 78.45 83.03 82.41 17
Percentage of 25-34 year-olds that have attained an upper secondary VET qualification as highest level of education % 100 90 80 70 60 Countries where expenditure in VET programmes is above the OECD average Countries where expenditure in VET programmes is below the OECD average Slovak Republic Czech Republic OECD average Germany Austria 50 40 30 20 OECD average Poland Estonia Hungary Luxembourg Finland France New Zealand Switzerland Netherlands Sweden 10 Turkey 0 65 70 75 80 85 90 % Employment rates for 25-34 year-olds with upper secondary VET qualifications 18
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 4: VALUE SKILLS MORE THAN QUALIFICATIONS 19
Literacy proficiency 16-24 year-olds (PIAAC) (2011) Youth unemployment and skills are linked 305 300 Japan 295 Korea Netherlands Finland 290 285 280 275 Germany Norway Estonia Australia Average Austria Denmark Canada Belgium Sweden Poland Czech Republic France Japan 270 United States Germany 265 United Kingdom Spain 260 Italy 255 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Youth unemployment rate 15-24 year-olds (2012) 20
Austria Italy Czech Republic Slovak Republic Japan Germany England/N. Ireland (UK) Australia Poland Average Ireland United States Netherlands Spain Sweden Estonia Norway Denmark Korea Cyprus¹ ² Canada Finland Flanders (Belgium) Percentage workers in high-skilled and unskilled jobs Primary education or less Tertiary education or more 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 21
Likelihood of positive social and economic outcomes among highly literate adults (scoring at Level 4/5 compared with those scoring at Level 1 or below) 5,0 Average Germany England (UK) Flanders (Belgium) 4,5 4,0 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0 Odds ratio Good to excellent health Being Employed High levels of trust Participation in volunteer activities High levels of political efficacy High wages 22
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Young age is critical in skills development 310 300 290 Literacy unadjusted Numeracy unadjusted 280 270 260 250 Numeracy adjusted Literacy adjusted Level 2 240 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 Age 24
Dank! dirk.vandamme@oecd.org www.oecd.org/edu/ceri twitter @VanDammeEDU 25