Academic Conversations Deeper Learning through Interactive Language Participant Packet December 16, 2014
Table of Contents Overview.3 Participant Goals and Professional Development Outcomes. 3 PowerPoint Slides...4 Participant Materials...8 References........11 Contact Information 11 Prepared by David Irwin Language Development Opportunities Vancouver, Washington Copyright Notice The materials in this document are designed specifically for use in this training program. Information and processes developed by authors other than David Irwin are used by permission and credited to those authors. Except as required for use in this training workshop, duplication of this packet by copier or other electronic means is prohibited unless specifically permitted in writing by David Irwin. 2014 Language Development Opportunities December, 2014 Fostering a Verbal Environment 2
Academic Conversations David Irwin Language Development Opportunities 360-903-0131 www.langdevopps.com dave@langdevopps.com 6 Contact Hours Overview An academic conversation goes beyond casual conversation. The goal is for the participants to reach a new understanding of a school topic through the use of specific conversational skills. Each partner must listen and speak, elaborate, clarify, challenge, paraphrase, and summarize what his/her partner says, and determine the outcome of the conversation. This workshop will offer participants a chance to try new ways of talking about academic topics, and build those strategies into their lessons. Based on Academic Conversations: Classroom Talk that Fosters Critical Thinking and Content Understandings by Jeff Zwiers & Maria Crawford. Stenhouse, 2011. Participant Goals Through participating in Academic Conversations: Deeper Learning through Interactive Practice participants will: learn and be able to train students to use a variety of conversational skills be able to explore academic topics using a variety of conversational skills. increase achievement through the use of improved conversational skills. apply improved conversational skills to their writing. Fostering a Verbal Environment 3
PowerPoint Slides We listen to each other We share our own ideas and explain them We respect another s ideas, even if they are different We let others finish explaining an idea without interrupting We take turns and share air time Fostering a Verbal Environment 4
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Battle of Hastings From Wikipedia and UK Battlefields Resource Center King Harold II of England is defeated by the Norman forces of William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings, fought on Senlac Hill, seven miles from Hastings, England. At the end of the bloody, all-day battle, Harold was killed--shot in the eye with an arrow, according to legend--and his forces were destroyed. He was the last Anglo-Saxon king of England. Just over two weeks before, William, the duke of Normandy, had invaded England, claiming his right to the English throne. In 1051, William is believed to have visited England and met with his cousin Edward the Confessor, the childless English king. According to Norman historians, Edward promised to make William his heir. On his deathbed, however, Edward granted the kingdom to Harold Godwine, head of the leading noble family in England and more powerful than the king himself. In January 1066, King Edward died, and Harold Godwine was proclaimed King Harold II. William immediately disputed his claim. On September 28, 1066, William landed in England at Pevensey, on Britain's southeast coast, with approximately 7,000 troops and cavalry. Seizing Pevensey, he then marched to Hastings, where he paused to organize his forces. On October 13, Harold arrived near Hastings with his army, and the next day William led his forces out to give battle. The battle of Hastings was fought on the morning of the 14th October 1066. The English army, led by King Harold, deployed on Senlac hill, where the Abbey and town of Battle now stand, but William's army had already marched north from Hastings and it is said that he engaged before Harold's troops were fully deployed. Contemporary accounts suggest it was a close run thing. William attacked with cavalry as well as infantry, something the English rarely if ever did. In contrast, Harold's well trained troops all fought on foot in the traditional English manner. Formed up behind a shield wall in such a good defensive location, they proved formidable opponents for the Normans. It is claimed that the fighting continued for most of the day. Finally, after reversals on both sides, William breached the shield wall. The collapse of the English defence may have been as a direct result of Harold himself being killed, for medieval armies so often lost their resolve once their leader was dead. Once their carefully organised formation was broken they were vulnerable, particularly to cavalry attack. Despite a possible attempt to hold the Norman pursuit at a site described as the 'Malfosse', the English forces were routed, fleeing northward towards the woods of the Weald. After his victory at the Battle of Hastings, William marched on London and received the city's submission. On Christmas Day, 1066, he was crowned the first Norman king of England, in Westminster Abbey, and the Anglo-Saxon phase of English history came to an end. French became the language of the king's court and gradually blended with the Anglo-Saxon tongue to give birth to modern English. William I proved an effective king of England, and the "Domesday Book," a great census of the lands and people of England, was among his notable achievements. Fostering a Verbal Environment 8
Upon the death of William I in 1087, his son, William Rufus, became William II, the second Norman king of England. Though other forces remained undefeated across the country, having lost their leader and most of the housecarls the English never again mounted a serious challenge. Victory at Hastings had given William one of the greatest prizes in Europe and saw the English people subjugated by an oppressive foreign aristocracy. 1066 is the best known date in English History. The battlefield also has, arguably, the most impressive of all battlefield monuments: Battle Abbey, which was built by the Conqueror in recognition of his victory and in memory of those who had fallen in battle. Despite the laying out of the Abbey and the town of Battle on Senlac hill, and various subsequent changes including the modern expansion of the town, much of the battlefield remains undeveloped. A visit can be an enjoyable and rewarding experience which has been improved by the opening of a new visitor centre and the provision of an excellent audio tour. **Disclaimer --- this particular text is for use in this workshop, and is not intended to resemble an assignment for students, except in form and strategies. Use or adapt text for your grade level. -- DI Fostering a Verbal Environment 9
Academic Conversation Planning Guide Teacher: Class/grade: Subject: Date: Text: Pages (or paragraphs): Questions: (teacher generated ) or (student generated) Pages (or paragraphs): Questions: (teacher generated ) or (student generated) Pages (or paragraphs): Questions: (teacher generated ) or (student generated) Pages (or paragraphs): Questions: (teacher generated ) or (student generated) (add more rows as needed) Class conclusions (from paired conversations): Writing time: Students write a response to the text and the ideas from the discussions. Assessment: Fostering a Verbal Environment 10
References Nichols, M. (2006) Comprehension Through Conversation: The Power of Purposeful Talk in the Reading Workshop. Heniemann: Portsmouth, NH. Spiegel, D. L. (2005) Classroon Discussin: Strategies for Engaging All Student, Building Higher-Level Thinking Skills and Strengthening Reading and Writing Across the Curriculum. Scholastic: New York. Zwiers, J, & Crawford, M. (2011) Academic Conversations: Classroom Talk that Fosters Critical Thinking and Content Understandings. Stenhouse: Portland, ME. Contact Information David Irwin Language Development Opportunities dave@langdevopps.com www.langdevopps.com 360-903-0131 Fostering a Verbal Environment 11