Hanseatic Academy of Management in Slupsk Work-based Learning in Poland (The presentation includes the results of the project The Hamburg Model ) Monika Zajkowska, PhD, Ing Rector Hanseatic Academy of Management in Slupsk
Some history about vocational education in Poland after 1989
SCHOOLS 1990/91 1998/99 CHANGEIN % 1990-1999 Basic vocational school (3 years) Technical secondary school (4 years) Post-secondary school (1-2,5 year) 2995 2435-18,7 % 3607 5225 +44,9 % 893 2080 +132,9 % SCHOOLS 2000/2001 2009/2010 CHANGE IN % 2001-2010 Basic vocational school (3 years) Technical secondary school (4 years) Post-secondary school (1-2,5 year) 2372 1785-24,7 % 5724 2131-62,8 % 2567 3210 +25,0 %
SCHOOLS
STUDENTS (in thousand) Basic vocational school (3 years) Technical secondary school (4 years) Post-secondary school (1-2,5 year) 1990/91 1998/99 CHANGEIN% 1990-1999 814 630-25,6 % 636 934 +46,9 % 108 202 +87,3 % STUDENTS (in thousand) Basic vocational school (3 years) Technical secondary school (4 years) Post-secondary school (1-2,5 year) 2000/2001 2009/2010 CHANGEIN% 2001-2010 542 236-57,4 % 964 552-42,7 % 200 285 +42,5 %
STUDENTS
RESULTS Depreciation of vocational education Negative image of vocational education Growing educational aspirations of society strengthened promotion of general secondary school and high school Strong influence of parents on children educational decisions (3/4 parents want for their children high education) one graduate of vocational school include two graduates of high school
System of dual education in Europe Dual (mostly dual) Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Norway, Switzerland Mixed (combination of the dual system and school) Finland, the Netherlands, Ireland, Luxembourg, Hungary, United Kingdom School (mostly school) Belgium, France, Greece, Spain, Poland, Portugal, Sweden, Italy
Benefits for companies: Training tailored to the student's expectations and the needs of the entrepreneur The ability to "choose" the student adopted the practice, which minimizes irrelevant decisions often with standard recruitment Improving the image of the company, linked to, among others, with having the right to use the logo with the words "this company educates" Ensuring continuity professionals, in particular craft professions (where traditions play a special role) Perceptions of participation in vocational education as a long-term investment in their employees
Benefits for students: Gaining experience directly with a potential employer Smooth transition from education to employment The failure by most students learn in occupations for which there is no demand from employers or is very low Apprenticeship in a company that meets the requirements of the modern market Enable students to participate actively in the life cycle of companies, which is an added value in terms of the educational process is either Education desirable attitudes and personal competencies of youth-related work: emotional maturity, realism life, control your own career and development aspirations, serious attitude to work, entrepreneurship, responsibility, safe experimentation in the labor market, loyalty to the employer, the desire to further education and skills
Benefits for the economy of the region: Maintain a low level of unemployment among young people The increase in the level of education of young people Adapting the educational offer of schools to the needs of entrepreneurs Formation of an effective system of vocational training, which prepares young people to perform a specific profession The existence of a systemic solution that facilitates employment of graduates of vocational schools More flexible labor market Such cooperation between businesses and educational institutions to define directions and forms of vocational training in accordance with the current needs of the labor market Shaping the civil society (the functioning of local partnerships) The division of responsibilities between the public and private sectors.
The currentsituationon the labourmarket in Poland Rising unemploymnet among people with higher education up to 27 years! Reason Failure acquired knowledge and skills to the needs of the market (competency gap) Perspective Education for the needs of identified needs of companies
In Poland more and more often appears topic of dual system of vocational education.
In Poland, followed by an increase in the importance of technical and vocational education. Polish technical and vocational education, after years of stagnation and lack of investment from the state, was once again recognized and defined as requiring support. Begins to be more and more popular, more and more strongly supported and promoted by the government.
Ministry of Economy said : Dual system of vocational training may in the next 2-3 years to cover 100 thousand of students Source: PAP, 28.04.2014 over the next two years, we want to spend 450 million zł to rebuild public support personnel in vocational education, dual, support for apprenticeships. It is to reduce unemployment among young people Source: http://www.gloswielkopolski.pl/artykul/3436985,piechocinski-w-wagrowcu-ikea-chce -inwestowac-w-polsce-ok-1-mld-euro-rocznie,id,t.html?cookie=1
HOW TO DO IT?
In Pomeranian Voivodship this process started
Goals for vocational education in Strategy of Pomorskie Voivodship 1. Linking the needs of sub-regional and regional labor markets 2. Preparing staff for the industries with the greatest potential for growth / smart specialization region 3. Cooperation with employers and universities 4. Realising the potential of vocational education for lifelong learning 5. Infrastructure activities and the accompanying soft activities for teachers and students
Developingthe dual educationsystemin the Pomeranian Voivodshipis coming across a lot of barriers: enterprises very often aren't interested in a share in the costs of the education, in particular in periods of the significant unemployment; modern methods of the production, requiring the expertise, they are spelling fewer places of employment for young workers as well as require a lot of the devoted time for hands-on trainings; large degree of the bureaucratization.
First stage Purpose - elimination of formal and legal potential barriers Action: creating transparent instruments of financing the vocational education which will enable to raise funds for the modernization of the existing infrastructure; active policy of the state towards employers which are cooperating with schools - developing the system of incentives for enterprises; enabling (formal and legal) of current starting departures of the vocational training, being a response to needs of local labour markets. Level: national
Second stage Purpose -creating the strategy of introducing the dual system of the vocational training throughout the country, but at the close cooperation with regions Action: consultation with social partners; Level: regional signing the social contract which contains: scope of co-operation while preparing programs of the education; principles of financing pupils during the practical apprenticeship in enterprises; rules of improving teachers of professional objects; other ways of supporting the institutions responsible for the vocational training; Level: national appointing the dual vocational training in regions of advisory institution responsible for coordinations of activities aiming at the implementation of the system - should be in her line-up: representatives of the business, the self-government, the Labour market institution and the scientific community; Level: regional
Purpose - connecting the vocational education with the economy Third stage Action: determining the long-term strategy of the vocational training in Poland, considering current trends on the labour markets including forecasts of the future - current update; Level: national, regional drawing the map of the labour market up on the microeconomic level in order to eliminate all divergences; Level: local upper secondary schools must establish the cooperation with enterprises what will enable the practical apprenticeship inside them, based on the infrastructure had at its disposal by them; Level: regional (maybe local) creating the database available to all, where: schools will present the educational offer; employers will announce situations vacant or also traineeships; labour market institutions will be presenting reports, statistical data or also forecasts; Level: regional including enterprises into the current update of programs of the vocational training; Level: regional
Fourth stage Purpose -popularizing innovative forms of the vocational training Action: conducting a promotional campaign directed at the local communities, being aimed at a change of perceiving the image of the vocational education. Level: regional
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