ERASMUS + 3D PRINTING IO1 - Report on the 3D Printing Industry: Current skills and qualifications needs - Activity 1 - A1. Study of the current educational offer existing in the EU, taking special attention to VET programs. MARÍA VICTORIA GÓMEZ GÓMEZ DARIO GARCÍA RAMÍREZ DANIEL LIEBEHERR
ERASMUS3D+ Training material for developing 3D printers. Project Agreement Number 2015-1-DE02-KA202-002496-1 This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ "The European Commission support for the production of this publication does not constitute an endorsement of the contents which reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein."
PARTICIPANT ORGANIZATIONS Output Identification Output Title Output Description O1 Report on the 3D Printing Industry. Current skills and qualification needs. O1 A1. Study of the current educational offer existing in the EU, taking special attention to VET programs.
INDEX INTRODUCTION.. p.1 CITIES DESCRIPTION....p.2 TOPICS.... p.30 CONCLUSION.. p.31 EUROPEAN MAP.....p.32
INTRODUCTION Technology has experienced important advances during the last decade, increasing exponentially. One of the most successful developments in this field lead us to 3D printers. During recent years, 3D printing has gained a lot of power in the market, and has created a big economic impact due to the wide range of possibilities in very varied applications that it offers. It was founded in the industry sector, but currently 3D printing can be found in very different fields, such as architecture, engineering, medicine, and clothing, among others. 3D printing was born at the beginning of the 1980s when the technology was exclusively for industrial manufacturing processes. Nowadays, 3D printing is both used for large scale consumer products and home use. During all this years of 3D printing, there have been many competing techniques that have been bought out by big 3D printing companies such as 3D-Systems Corporation. From Stereolithographic (SLA) to Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), 3D printing is becoming an emerging means for manufacturing. This is mainly because printing materials not only cause minimal damage to our environment, but it also prevents wasting material. As opposed to being a subtractive process, in which materials need to be cut to mold into a new shape thus wasting the remaining metal, 3D printing allows us to manufacture products in an additive process by simply adding necessary material to a product designed from a computer aided design (CAD) program. Despite the implications for this technology, it still has setbacks such as low efficiency and maintenance. With the emergence of a new 3D printing technology called continuous liquid interface Production (CLIP), 3D printing can now become more efficient, easy to use, and almost universal to all liquid polymers. Making CLIP technology a more global means of 3D printing will allow the emergence of a new industrial revolution where products can be made both efficiently and leave little waste. 1 By doing this research, the presence and trends of the 3D printer workshops in Europe are shown, based on the Erasmus+ program. Several values have been taken in order to make this report public, like locations, prices, skills, software, certificates, audience target, number of places per course and other information. There is a large variety of people involved in this project, including four countries: Italy, Slovenia, Spain and Germany. In the first step (O1/A1), basic information about the actual situation of 3D printing, with a special focus on training courses, was acquired by all four teams. In order to achieve the proper research, the work was divided into separate packages so that each participant could research any given European country. The output has no statistical demand. It was just meant to show where courses are held all over Europe and what kind of courses are offered in general. The results of this research are shown in this interim report. The following step is to create a survey whose results should show what kind of courses are needed in 3D printing and if there is a general acceptance of online courses. This survey could not have been done without the collection of basic information, which is shown in this report. Technologies are shaping the world faster than we can assume. One of this technologies is the 3D printing, Addictive Manufacturing. To understand the new world, we need to know how 3D printing goes and we also have to be ready for it. A good training about 3D printing is going to help us to carry on with this way. 1. Source: http://triplehelixblog.com/2016/02/3d-printing-the-past-present-and-future-of- manufacturing-and-consumer-products/ 1
AUSTRIA Courses take place mostly around the capital Vienna in this country. The duration of these courses are between 1,5 hours and 4 hours and the prices vary from free of charge to 52,00. The courses aim at multiple target groups which are educational, commercial and private interested parties. All courses feature at least one 3D printing device. There is a big Fablab community in this country. Regular courses take place at HappyFab in Vienna. Previous skills are not required. Course 1 No Basic No Course 2 No Basic No Course 3 No Basic No Austria 60 51 50 40 30 20 10 1,5 hours 4 hours 4 hours Course 1 Course 2 Course 3 2
BELGIUM Courses take place in the capital, Brussels, as well as in other cities like Antwerp and Menen in this country. Complete courses are standard and the topic is specialized. The courses aim at multiple target groups which are educational, commercial and private interested parties. All courses feature at least one 3D printing device. It is geared towards the open sector. Previous skills are not required. Course 1 No Specialized No Course 2 No Specialized No Course 3 No Specialized No BELGIUM 1 1 1 1 1 1 No Information No Information No Information No Information No Information Course 1 Course 2 Course 3 3
BULGARY All courses take place in the capital, Sofia, and they all are one day crash courses with a duration of around 8 hours. The prices range between 50,00 and 60,00. A big Fablab community can be found here. The courses aim at two target groups, which are educational and commercial. Furthermore, these courses provide offers from Solidwork software, which is used for imparting beginner lessons as well. These courses are geared to the open sector as well as engineering sector. Some require basic skills whereas others do not require previous skills. Course 1 No Basic-Advanzed No Course 2 Yes Advanzed No Course 3 Yes Basic No BULGARY 250 205 200 150 100 123 50 26 3 hours 2 weeks 16 hours Course 1 Course 2 Course 3 4
CROATIA Courses take place in some of the main cities of the country. The duration of these courses range between 2 hours and 150 hours and the cost can be free or range up to 970,00. As for the organizations, there is a wide variety such as Fablab, community colleges and the private sector. The courses aim at multiple target groups which are educational, commercial and private interested parties and they are geared towards everyone. Some require basic skills whereas others do not require previous skills. Course 1 No Basic Yes Course 2 No Specialized Yes Course 3 Yes Advanced No Course 4 Yes Basic No CROATIA 970 970 1.000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 130 hours 150 hours 2 hours Individualized Course 1 Course 2 Course 3 Course 4 5
CYPRUS This course, whose name is ANIMA, takes place in one of the main cities of the island, Pallini. It provides people an ECVET certificate at the end, and it is based on an individual training. Also, its main focus is the open sector, so there is no available use of 3D printing in the private sector. Furthermore, just specialized and commercial courses are imparted and they are geared towards the general public. Previous skills are not required. Course 1 No Specialized Yes CYPRUS 1 1 1 1 1 1 Individualized Individualized 6
CZECH REPUBLIC The workshops take place mostly in Prague. The duration is between 2 hours and 160 hours, being some of them individualized ones. As for the prices, they range from 28,00 to 1450,00 but there are individualized courses as well. These courses aim at multiple target groups which are educational, commercial and private interested parties and there are several organizations in charge of them, such as Fablab, community colleges and the private sector. ECVET certificates are available at the end. Also, all courses feature at least one 3D printing device. Some require basic skills whereas others do not require previous skills. Course 1 Yes Specialized No Course 2 Yes Advanced Yes Course 3 Yes Advanced Yes Course 4 No Basic No Course 5 No Construction Yes CZECH REPUBLIC 1.600 1.450 1.400 1.200 1.000 800 750 600 400 200 Individualized Individualiced 28 0 Individualized Individualized 160 hours 2 hours 2 days Course 1 Course 2 Course 3 Course 4 Course 5 7
DENMARK Workshops take place in the cities of Copenhagen, Aarhus and Roskilde in this country. The duration of these courses range between 1 and 4 days and the prices varies from 13,00 to 1570,00. There is a wide offer of courses. Mostly Open Source software is used (Blender, Onshape). The courses aim at multiple target groups which are educational, commercial and private interested parties. As for the target audience, the courses are geared towards both enterprises and personal interests and the organizations which are in charge of them are meetup and the private sector. Also, ECVET certificates are available. Some require software skills whereas others do not require previous skills. Course 1 No Basic No Course 2 Yes Modelling No Course 3 Yes Modelling No Course 4 No Specialized No Course 5 No Basic No Course 6 No Basic Yes DENMARK 1.600 1.570 1.400 1.200 1.000 800 600 400 200 400 160 160 40 13 1,5 hours 6 hours 6 hours 6 hours 1 hours 4 days Course 1 Course 2 Course 3 Course 4 Course 5 Course 6 8
ESTONIA Two courses are imparted in this country, taking place in the capital, Tallinn. The duration is about three days and they cost around 700,00. Furthermore, the organizations which offer these courses come from the private sector and the main purpose is educational. An ECVET certificate is available upon completion. Previous skills are not required. Course 1 No Basic Yes ESTONIA 700 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 3 days Course 9
FINLAND Courses in this country take place in Espoo and Helsinki, and most of them are imparted at the university (4-8 ETCS). Students who carry out these courses are exempted of costs and the organizations which offer them are universities and Fablabs. In addition, the courses are geared towards the open sector and the access for beginners is easy. There is a rising maker scene (3D Hubs / private persons) and the main usage of them is a do-it-yourself method. Also, the main purpose of these courses is educational. Previous skills are not required. Course 1 No Basic No Course 2 No Basic No Course 3 No Basic No FINLAND 1 1 1 1 1 1 No Information No Information No Information Course 1 Course 2 Course 3 10
FRANCE Courses in this country take place in the capital, Paris, and Antibes. The duration of these courses is between one days and three days. As for the organizations which offer them, they come from private parties and the main purpose is educational. They are geared towards the open sector and the consumer target is both the general public as well as advanced users. Software skills are required. Course 1 Yes Basic/Advanzed/Modelling No Course 2 Yes Advanzed No FRANCE 650 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 No Information 9 hours 3 days Course 1 Course 2 11
GERMANY There is a wide offer of all kinds of courses imparted in several cities in Germany. The duration of these courses is between one day and three days and prices range from 25,00 to 952,00. They aim at multiple target groups which are educational, commercial and private interested parties and there is a wide variety of different software programs. A big Fablab community can be found in this country and also lots of hardware/software combinations are used in the courses offered. ECVET Certificates are available. Some require basic skills whereas others require software skills. Course 1 Yes Basic No Course 2 Yes Basic No Course 3 Yes Basic No Course 4 Yes Basic Yes Course 5 Yes Basic Yes Course 6 Yes Basic Yes GERMANY 1.000 952 900 800 800 700 600 500 400 380 360 300 200 169 169 100 3 days 1 day 1 day 2 days 1 day 2 days Course 1 Course 2 Course 3 Course 4 Course 5 Course 6 12
GREECE Courses in this country take place in the capital, Athens. The duration of one of them is around 40 hours and the other one is on demand. Prices vary from 190,00 to 665,00. As for the organizations, they are Fablabs and private parties, and the main purpose is educational. Also, these courses are geared towards the open sector and the consumer target is the general public. Previous skills are not required. Course 1 No Basic No Course 2 No Contruction No GREECE 650 700 600 500 400 300 220 200 100 39 hours No Information Course 1 Course 2 13
HUNGARY Both courses in this country take place in the capital, Budapest, and they are imparted at the university (4-8 ETCS) with a duration of eight hours. The prices range from 50,00 to 60,00. The number of students is limited to 20 people, and specialized courses are available. As for the organization, both of them are offered by Fablab. Also, the offers which are provided have commercial purposes and printer providers sell them with software and course included. A certificate is available upon completion. Software skills are required. Course 1 Yes Specialized Yes Course 2 Yes Specialized Yes HUNGARY 60 60 58 56 54 52 50 50 48 46 44 8 hours 8 hours Course 1 Course 2 14
IRELAND Courses in this country take place in the cities of Dublin and Limerick and the duration is between one day and 40 weeks. The cost of these courses vary from 49,00 to 1750,00. The main purpose is commercial. Also, the organizations which provide them come from the private sector and universities. In addition, the consumer target is both the general public as well as advanced users. Some require basic skills whereas others do not require previous skills. Course 1 Course 2 Course 3 No Basic No No Basic No Yes Advanzed Yes IRELAND 1.750 1.800 1.600 1.400 1.200 1.000 800 600 400 200 49 No Information 1 day 1 day 40 weeks Course 1 Course 2 Course 3 15
ITALY Courses in this country are imparted in several cities. The duration of these courses varies between one day and four weeks and they prices range between 150,00 and 600,00. A big Fablab community can be found here, and Autodesk is the software used. The courses aim at the open and private sector and all courses feature at least one 3D printing device. Also, certificates are available upon completion. Some require basic skills whereas others require software skills. Course 1 Yes Modelling No Course 2 Yes Basic Yes Course 3 Yes Modelling Yes Course 4 Yes Specialized Yes Course 5 Yes Basic Yes ITALY 600 600 500 500 400 300 250 250 200 150 100 2 days 1 day 2 days 40 hours 40 hours Course 1 Course 2 Course 3 Course 4 Course 5 16
LATVIA The city where the course is imparted in this country is Riga. The duration of this course is of one day and the price ranges between 20,00 and 70,00. There is a big Fab Lab community in this country and Meet Up is the organization which carry out this project. Also, the access for beginners is easy and it s geared towards the open sector. Skills are not required. Course 1 No Basic No LATVIA 70 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 1 day Course 17
LITHUANIA Vilnius is the city where 3D printing courses are imparted in Lithuania. The duration of these courses is around one day and the prices range between 30,00 and 90,00. As for the organizations, they are run by the Fablab community and the private sector and the target group is both private and commercial. Also, these courses are geared towards the open sector and depending on the consumer target they can be both for personal interests or for the general public. Previous skills are not required. Course 1 No Basic No Course 2 No Modeling No Course 3 No information No information No LITHUANIA 99 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 30 No info 1 day 2 hours No information Course 1 Course 2 Course 3 18
LUXEMBOURG The course in this country, which is called Fablab Luxembourg, takes place in the city of Belval. It has a duration of nine hours distributed in four days and the price is 330, 00. As for the organization, it s run by a Fablab community and it s geared towards the open sector. The number of people who can enroll to this course is limited to 12 and the consumer s target is the general public. Furthermore, the main purpose is private. Previous skills are not required. Course 1 No Basic No information LUXEMBOURG 330 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Course 9 hours 19
MALTA The course in this island, whose name is 3D Printing Course, takes place in the capital, La Valletta, with a duration of one day and a price of 1995,00. The purpose of this course is exclusively commercial. As for the organization, it s offered by a university. Furthermore, it s geared towards the design industry. Basic skills are required. Course 1 Yes Specialized No MALTA 1.995 2.000 1.500 1.000 500 0 Course 1 day 20
NETHERLANDS Courses in this country take place in the capital, Amsterdam. They have a duration between two hours and six weeks (one day per week) and the prices vary from 45,00 to 395,00. As for the organization, they all are offered by a Fablab community and they are geared to the open sector. Also, the main purpose of these courses is both private and commercial and the customer s target is the general public. Some require software and basic skills whereas others do not require previous skills. Course 1 No Basic No information Course 2 Yes Basic No information Course 3 No Basic No information Course 4 No Basic No Course 4 No Basic-advanced No Course 5 Yes Basic No NETHERLANDS 400 395 350 300 298 250 215 200 150 100 75 45 98 50 0 3 hours 1 day 2 hours 2,5 hours 15 hours 16 hours Course 1 Course 2 Course 3 Course 4 Course 4 Course 5 21
POLAND Courses in Poland take place in the cities of Wroclaw and Krakow. The duration is between 90 minutes and 10 hours and the prices range from 81,00 to 108,00. As for the organizations, these courses are offered by the Fablab community, community colleges and the chamber of industry and commerce, and they aim at multiple target groups which are educational, commercial and private interested parties. Also, they are geared towards the open sector and the consumer target is the general public. Some require basic skills whereas others do not require previous skills. Course 1 No Basic No information Course 2 No Basic No information Course 3 No Basic No information Course 4 No Basic No Course 5 Yes Basic No POLAND 120 108 103 100 80 60 40 20 No info No info Under request 0 1,5 hours 12 hours No information 8 hours 10 hours Course 1 Course 2 Course 3 Course 4 Course 5 22
PORTUGAL Courses in this country take place in Faro and Porto with a duration of 18 hours and 10 hours respectively and the price is around 399,00. They are imparted at the university (4-8 ETCS). The Fablab community is really big here and specialized courses are offered. The main purpose is commercial. Also, these courses provide an introduction in building your own printer. Basic skills are required. Course 1 Yes Basic No Course 2 Yes Specialized Yes PORTUGAL 399 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 No info 50 0 18 hours 120 hours Course 1 Course 2 23
ROMANIA Courses are imparted in the capital of the country, Bucharest. The duration of these courses are between 8 hours and 15 hours and the prices range from 50,00 to 150,00. They are offered by the Fablab community and they are geared towards the open sector. Also, the main purpose is both educational and private and the consumer target is for students and enterprises mostly. Certificates are available upon completion. Basic and software skills are required. Course 1 Yes Basic Yes Course 2 Yes Basic Yes Course 3 Yes Specialized Yes ROMANIA 160 150 140 120 100 100 80 60 40 20 0 50 2 days 15 hours 8 hours Course 1 Course 2 Course 3 24
SLOVAKIA Courses in this country are imparted in the capital, Bratislava. The duration of one of these courses is 1 day, but an individualized course is also imparted. As for the organization, they are offered by the Fablab community and the main purpose is both educational and commercial. Also, they are geared towards the open sector and the consumer target is the general public. Some require basic skills whereas others do not require previous skills. Course 1 Yes Advanced No information Course 2 No Basic No information SLOVAKIA No info Individualized 1 day Individualized Course 1 Course 2 25
SLOVENIA Courses in Slovenia take place in the cities of Ljubljana, Medvode and Maribor. The duration of these courses is between two hours and twelve hours and they have a price which range from 25,00 and 758,90. The organizations which offer the courses are the Fablab community and community colleges and the main purpose of them is both educational and commercial. Furthermore, they are geared towards the open sector. Some require basic and software skills whereas others do not require previous skills. Course 1 No Basic Yes Advancedmodeling Course 1 No Yes Course 2 No Basic No information Course 3 Yes Advanced Yes Course 4 Yes Specialized Yes SLOVENIA 800 759 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 37 25 No info No info 2 hours 12 hours 2 hours 1 day Various Course 1 Course 1 Course 2 Course 3 Course 4 26
SPAIN Courses in this country are imparted in the cities of Barcelona, Madrid and Granada. The duration of these courses is between two days and eight months and the prices range from 238,00 to 5000,00. Organizations which offer them are Fablab communities, universities and the private sector and the main purpose is mostly commercial. They are geared towards the open sector and the consumer target is students, enterprises and private parties. Also, specialized courses are offered. Some require basic skills whereas others do not require previous skills. Course 1 Yes Specialized Yes Course 2 No Basic No Course 3 Yes Specialized Yes Course 4 No Basic No Course 5 Yes Specialized Yes 5.000 5.000 SPAIN 4.500 4.000 3.750 3.500 3.000 2.500 2.000 1.500 1.000 500 238 695 No info 0 5 months 15 hours 8 months 2 days 7 months Course 1 Course 2 Course 3 Course 4 Course 5 27
SWEDEN The course takes place in a city located in the south of Sweden called Halmstad. The duration of this course is around nine hours and its price is 539,71. The organization which offers it comes from the private sector and the main purpose of the course is educational. Furthermore, the number of participants is limited to ten and the consumer target is the general public. Previous skills are not required. Course 1 No Basic No information SWEDEN 540 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Course 9 hours 28
UNITED KINGDOM Courses in the United Kingdom take place in the cities of London, Manchester and Chelsea. The duration of these courses is between one day and ten weeks and the prices range from 20,00 to 774,00. Free courses are also available. The organizations which offer these courses are the Fablab community, universities and private interested parties and the main purpose of these courses is commercial and private. Also, they are geared towards the open sector and advanced courses are available. The consumer target is the general public. Some require basic skills whereas others do not require previous skills. Course 1 Yes Basic No Course 2 Yes Advanced No Course 3 No Basic No Course 4 No Basic No Course 5 Basic Advanced No UNITED KINGDOM 800 700 600 500 774 620 400 300 200 100 0 320 20 0 1 day 10 weeks 6 hours 6 hours 1 day Course 1 Course 2 Course 3 Course 4 Course 5 29
TOPICS This graphic shows the quantity of the different types of courses that are offered in Europe. These courses were created to teach users the 3D printing process from scratch (basic courses), as well as from higher levels (advanced, modeling and individualized courses). Also, there are a few construction courses, which are focused on the architecture field. Depending on the preferences, necessities and knowledge level, users can decide whether join one course or another. As shown above, there is a large number of basic courses for getting users involved in this new world, whereas the other ones are less in number but more specialized and geared toward users who already have some experience with this technology. The characteristics and details about the different types of courses are explained below: Basic: these courses are appropriate for a general audience. Users will get an introduction by learning about fundamentals, concepts and tools related with 3D printing, in order to become comfortable with this new technology. Advanced: users will get an in-depth analysis in 3D printing, such as more sophisticated printing and software techniques like rendering or morphing, how to choose the best material for each item or how to solve 3D printing problems. Modeling: these courses will make users to gain knowledge about basic concepts, to understand how tools related with 3D production work and to become comfortable with basics of modeling, lightning, texturing and rendering. Specialized: users will obtain a rich understanding of how 3D printers work and how this new technology is being used in specific fields. In addition, a set of defined skills that enable to work and become more specialized in a certain area will be acquired. Construction: these courses are focused on the architecture field, and users will gain the necessary knowledge to design and print structures and buildings. 25 23 COURSES 20 15 10 7 14 17 5 2 0 TOPICS 30
CONCLUSION: Course offerings and infrastructure of 3D printing: The research for the ERASMUS3D+ project leads to the following conclusions: In most of the reviewed countries there are already FabLab communities, which work together in a network. Small countries rely only on those FabLabs for their needs in 3D printing. Sometimes small countries like Luxembourg use the infrastructure of their neighbor countries. Most of the offered 3D printing courses can be found in capitals and conurbations. These are mostly crash courses with a duration of four to eight hours. The price range is from 0 to 700. Sometimes courses can be priced up to 5.000. This depends on the topic of the course. Beginner courses can be for free or just cost a little fee for the effort of the organizer, this takes mostly place in regions with a decent competition among the providers of 3D printing. Specialized courses for commercial use are more expensive and aim at another target group than courses for hobbyists. Nearly all courses provide a course 3D printer. In Scandinavian countries an increased usage of 3D hubs is apparent. Through a special internet platform private citizens are able to 3D print the project of other private persons. A network of private 3D printers has been established. The research shows that no special software is used. Mostly free software and shareware is used. Just a small amount of the courses are ECVET certified. 31
32 Cities in which courses are imparted
For more information about 3D printing visit: http://blogthinkbig.com/reprap-impresoras-3d-low-cost-que-se-imprimen-a-si-mismas/ http://3dprinting.com/what-is-3d-printing/ http://www.xataka.com/perifericos/estas-son-las-tecnologias-de-impresion-3d-que-haysobre-la-mesa-y-lo-que-puedes-esperar-de-ellas http://www.3ders.org/articles/20160503-student-run-3d-printing-repair-cafe-opens-at-tuberlin.html https://epthinktank.eu/2016/02/02/how-the-collaborative-internet-and-3d-printing-might-changethe-eu/ http://www.shapeways.com/tutorials/easy-3d-modeling-for-3d-printing-tutorial-for-beginners 33