Institute of Physics: Tracking the careers of UK physics students Final Report December PDF Free Download

Institute of Physics: Tracking the careers of UK physics students Final Report December 2010

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CEI research team: Susan Goodlad Dr. Andrea Laczik John Carey Professor P Huddleston Pat Lyness All of the students and graduates who participated in this study are thanked for their time and effort. Thanks also go to the staff within the Physics Departments for their help in distributing the questionnaires. This project was initially undertaken (2006) by Quad Research in the University of Warwick. It is being completed by the Centre for Education and Industry in the University of Warwick. CEI 2010 University of Warwick UK CV4 7AL Telephone: 024 765 23909 Email: cei@warwick.ac.uk CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 2

Contents page List of Figures and Tables 4 Abstract 8 1. 0 Introduction 9 1.1 Background 9 1.2 Methodology 9 1.3 Data Analysis 10 2. 0 Graduating Cohort - 2010 11 2.1 Demographic profile of respondents: basic data 11 2.2 Further exploration of demographic data 21 2.3 Institutional demographics 44 2.4 Intentions after graduation 96 2.5 Employment during term time 116 3.0 Longitudinal update: 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009 graduating cohorts 120 4.0 Appendices: Appendix 1: Questionnaires 142 Appendix 2: Occupational classification 154 Appendix 3: Participant institutions 156 Appendix 4: Summary of response rates (2006-2010) 158 CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 3

List of figures and tables Figure Title Page 1 The gender distribution amongst the sample 12 2 The spread of ethnicity amongst the sample 13 3 The spread of age ranges amongst the sample 14 4 The spread of nationalities amongst the sample 15 5 The regional origin of respondents 16 6 The proportion of respondents coming from each occupational background 17 7 The proportion of respondents with responsibilities for a child, parent or partner 18 8 The proportion of respondents with a disability 19 9 The proportion of genders across ethnic groups 21 10 Spread of ethnicity amongst the age groups 23 11 Spread of age groups and geographical regions 25 12 The spread of respondents from each geographical area from each ethnic group 27 13 The proportion of genders in the sample from each geographical area 30 14 The spread of genders in the sample from each nationality 32 15 The spread of age groups based on nationality 34 16 The spread of occupational backgrounds across the ethnic groups 36 17 The spread of occupational backgrounds amongst the genders 38 18 The spread of occupational background by geographic area 40 19 The proportion of males and females with main or shared care responsibilities for a child 42 20 The gender spread amongst the sample from each institution (Part one) 44 21 The spread of genders amongst the sample from each institution (Part two) 46 22 The spread of genders amongst the sample from each institution (Part three) 48 23 The spread of age ranges amongst the sample from each institution (Part one) 50 24 The spread of age groups amongst the sample from each institution (Part two) 52 25 The spread of age groups amongst the sample from each institution (Part three) 54 26 The spread of ethnic groups amongst the sample from each institution (Part one) 56 27 The spread of ethnic groups amongst the sample from each institution (Part two) 59 28 The spread of ethnic groups amongst the sample from each institution (Part three) 62 29 The spread of occupational backgrounds amongst the sample of each institution (Part one) 65 30 The spread of occupational backgrounds amongst the sample of each institution (Part two) 68 31 The spread of occupational backgrounds amongst the sample of each institution (Part three) 70 32 The spread of nationalities amongst the sample per institution (Part one) 73 33 The spread of nationalities amongst the sample per institution (Part two) 76 CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 4

34 The spread of nationalities amongst the sample per institution (Part three) 78 35 The spread of respondents from each geographical area by institution (Part one) 80 36 The spread of respondents from each geographical area by institution (Part two) 83 37 The spread of respondents from each geographical area by institution (Part two) 86 38 The spread of disability status across the institutions (Part one) 89 39 The spread of disability status across the institutions (Part two) 91 40 The spread of disability status across the institutions (Part three) 93 41 Intentions after graduation by the total sample and by gender 95 42 The spread of intentions after graduation by geographical areas 97 43 The spread of intentions after graduation by ethnic origin 99 44 The spread of intentions after graduation by occupational background 101 45 The spread of intentions after graduation by nationality 103 46 The spread of intentions after graduation across the age groups 105 47 The spread of intentions after graduation by disability status 107 48 The spread of intentions after graduation across each institution (Part one) 109 49 The spread of intentions after graduation across each institution (Part two) 111 50 The spread of intentions after graduation across each institution (Part three) 113 51 Undertaken paid employment during term time 115 52 Type of work undertaken 116 53 Reason for working 117 54 Number of hours worked 118 55 Proportion of respondents with a disability 120 56 Proportion of respondents with care responsibilities for a child, parent or partner 121 57 Degree Classifications 124 58 Continuing in Education 125 59 Employment Sector 126 60 Area of Education sector 127 61 Area of Government sector 128 62 Type of Industry 129 63 Type of Service 130 64 Level of responsibility 131 65 Main function of role 132 66 Geographic spread of organisations 133 67 Size of organisations 134 68 Salary of respondents 135 69 Mode of work: full time / part time 136 CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 5

70 Relation between current occupation and physics 137 71 Usefulness of physics background in current occupation 138 72 Whether or not respondents have taken career breaks 139 73 Length of career break 140 Table Title page 1 The spread of disability type within the sample 20 2 Spread of gender across ethnic groups 22 3 Respondent demographics for ethnicity and age 24 4 Respondent demographics for region and age 26 5 Respondent demographics for region and ethnicity 28 6 Spread of gender by geographical area 31 7 Spread of nationality by gender 33 8 Spread of age groups based on nationality 35 9 Spread of occupational backgrounds by ethnicity 37 10 Spread of occupational backgrounds by gender 39 11 Spread of occupational background by geographical area 41 12 The proportion of males and females with caring responsibilities for a child 43 13 Spread of genders across institutions (Part one) 45 14 Spread of gender across institutions (Part two) 47 15 Spread of gender across institutions (Part three) 49 16 Spread of age ranges by institution (Part one) 51 17 Spread of age ranges by institution (Part two) 53 18 Spread of age ranges by institution (Part three) 55 19 Spread of ethnicity by institution (Part one) 57 20 Spread of ethnicity by institution (Part two) 60 21 Spread of ethnicity by institution (Part three) 63 22 The spread of occupational background by institution (Part one) 66 23 Spread of occupational background by institution (Part two) 69 24 Spread of occupational background by institution (Part three) 71 25 Spread of nationalities amongst institutions (Part one) 74 26 Spread of nationalities amongst institutions (Part two) 77 27 Spread of nationalities amongst institutions (Part three) 79 28 Spread of geographical area by institution (Part one) 81 CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 6

29 Spread of geographical area by institution (Part two) 84 30 Spread of geographical area by institution (Part three) 87 31 The spread of disability status across the institutions (Part one) 90 32 The spread of disability status across the institutions (Part two) 92 33 The spread of disability status across the institutions (Part three) 94 34 Intentions after graduation by the total sample and by gender 96 35 The spread of intentions after graduation by geographical areas 98 36 The spread of intentions after graduation by ethnic origin 100 37 The spread of intentions after graduation by occupational background 102 38 The spread of intentions after graduation by nationality 104 39 The spread of intentions after graduation across the age groups 106 40 The spread of intentions after graduation by disability status 108 41 The spread of intentions after graduation across each institution (Part one) 110 42 The spread of intentions after graduation across each institution (Part two) 112 43 The spread of intentions after graduation across each institution (Part three) 114 44 University Attended 122 CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 7

Abstract Institute of Physics: Career pathways of physics graduates: a five year longitudinal study Client: Institute of Physics Contractor: Centre for Education and Industry Contract period: December 2005 December 2010 The Institute of Physics (IOP) is a leading international professional body and learned society with over 40,000 members worldwide. The IOP promotes the advancement and dissemination of knowledge of, and education in the science of physics, both pure and applied. Almost two-thirds of the IOP s membership is based in the UK and Ireland, and approximately 2,500 students graduate in physics each year in the UK. Objectives The Careers Pathways study was a five year longitudinal study, designed to identify and track the career development of physicists. Particular emphasis was placed on tracking the development of graduates from non-traditional groups, including ethnic minorities and those with a disability. Approach The study involved 54 institutions in the UK and the Republic of Ireland, and used paper based and online surveys to gather data. Physics graduates were first approached towards the end of their final year of study through a departmental contact in each HEI. They were invited to complete a questionnaire. Following their graduation, participants were contacted on an annual basis by email and asked to edit and augment their details on a secure online database designed and managed by CEI at the University of Warwick. As a means of encouraging and maintaining responses, a prize draw with substantial cash awards to winners was offered. A dedicated Career Pathways website (hosted by the IoP) provided further information to participants to encourage continued participation and reinforce interest in the research. Outcomes The results from the study have been reported annually. The report is presented in two sections with the first section providing descriptive information about the current year s graduates, and the second section providing descriptive analysis of graduates as they progress in their careers. The objective for this project was to gather data to produce a longitudinal dataset and to report on the profile of respondents each year. No longitudinal analysis has been conducted on these data as it is beyond the scope of this particular project. This is something that the IoP will consider more appropriately at the end of this final stage of the five-year phase of data collection. The annual reports are made available online for participants and other stakeholders to see the progress of the project. The reports are also used by the Diversity department within the IOP to help develop initiatives to provide information and support for physicists at all stages in their careers. Contacts Jennifer Dyer Institute of Physics email jennifer.dyer@iop.org Susan Goodlad, Centre for Education and Industry, University of Warwick cei@warwick.ac.uk CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 8

1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background The Institute of Physics (the Institute) has recognised a gap in knowledge regarding the aspirations and future careers of UK physics graduates. Such information is vital both in order to plan projects aimed at encouraging participation in physics from a wider, more diverse community, as well as to inform potential physics students of the opportunities available to them. In 2005, the Institute embarked on a five year longitudinal tracking project to investigate the backgrounds and aspirations of final year physics undergraduates and to track the development of their careers over the coming years. In particular the survey aimed to: investigate the profiles of final year physics undergraduates in terms of gender, ethnicity, disability, age and socio-economic backgrounds determine the career aspirations of final year physics undergraduate students determine which careers physics graduates embark on explore how these dimensions vary across specific demographics, with particular focus on minority groups such as women, Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) groups and lower occupational groups The first reports from this study were published in 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009. This report presents the findings from the fifth and final year of the project (2010). This encompasses statistics on the 2010 gradating cohort and the 2010 longitudinal postgraduate follow-up survey (distributed to the 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009 cohorts). As the longitudinal database has grown each year, a consolidated, anonymised version has been supplied to the Institute of Physics (IoP). 1.2 Methodology The project as a whole is made up of two distinct parts: In the first part, questionnaires (both in online and paper format - see Appendix 1) were sent to 54 university physics departments in England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland (Northern and the Republic), including more Republic of Ireland HEIs than in previous years. This questionnaire was for the students who were graduating in 2010. We received responses from students at 42 institutions 1. Individual departments decided on both the timing of the distribution of the questionnaire and on the distribution of online or paper questionnaires. The questionnaires were distributed in the broad period of January May 2010. In previous years the Irish undergraduate students were asked a number of unique questions regarding the influences on their choice to study physics. These questions were not included in the 2009 or 2010 questionnaire. In the second part, an electronic database was developed for distribution to physics graduates who had previously taken part in the study (in this case, the 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009 cohorts). The database was only 1 Most of the undergraduates were on 3-year BSc degrees but some were on 4-year MPhys degrees or their equivalent. Post-graduate Masters programmes (generally MSc) were not included. Most respondents were honours students in Physics but some were on joint courses or on exchange programmes with degrees from other countries. CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 9

accessible using a unique ID distributed to the cohort together with an email invitation. Within the database, respondents were able to update and amend their details accordingly, and provide further information about their current activities. 1.3 Data analysis Other than descriptors such as name, address, HEI name (see Appendix one) the data has been coded and subject to standard quantitative analysis. At each stage of the project the analysis has been descriptive; the first section summarising responses from to each question and undertaking a number of cross-tabulations e.g. between gender and intentions after graduation. Section two presents the data setting out the demographic profile of respondents in section 2.1 and the cross-tabulations in section 2.2. In section 3 there is a similar presentation of the postgraduate data. The IoP have been supplied with an anonymised, consolidated database, updated each year, upon which they have conducted their own specific detailed analyses. They will consider if more detailed statistical analyses of the longitudinal data is required when all five years of data have been collected and reported, after October 2010. CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 10

2.0 Graduating Cohort survey - 2010 A total of 931 students responded to the questionnaire. This included 222 paper questionnaires and 709 completions using the online version. Appendix 3 lists the response rate by institution. This year, Bristol University elicited the largest number of responses (n=85), followed by Oxford (n=77) and Southampton (n=65) universities. However, as the population of final year students varied across the departments, a more accurate measure is the proportion of responses per institution. 13 of the original 54 participating institutions did not yield any student responses. Of those institutions with over 100 final year students, Bristol (52%), Oxford (45%), Durham (36%) and Warwick (36%) elicited the highest response rates. 2.1 Demographic profile of respondents: basic data This section will present the top line demographic profile of the sample. The larger proportion of the sample were male respondents (7) (Figure 1). A large majority classified themselves as White British (78%) (Figure 2). There were noticeably small proportions of ethnic minorities within the sample. The largest age group was 22 to 25 year olds (53%), followed by those aged 21 year under (44%) (Figure 3). In terms of nationality 85% were coded as British; 5% elsewhere in Europe (not UK or Ireland); 4% Irish; and 4% from Asia (see Figure 4). Exploring the area from which they originated (based on home address) the largest proportion of home students were from the South East (19%), followed by South West (11%), and West Midlands (1) (see Figure 5). As a means of identifying socio-economic background the respondents were asked to state the occupation of their parent or guardian or in the case of mature students the occupation of the main income holder in the household, be it themselves or a partner. Using the Office for National Statistics Standard Occupational Classification (2000) it was then possible to categorise these occupations into one of nine occupational classifications. Figure 6 presents the proportion of the sample within each classification, from major group 1 (managers and senior officials) through to major group 9 (elementary occupations). The largest proportion of respondents was classed within major group 2 (46%), followed by major group 1 (22%). For a full description of each category see Appendix Two. A small proportion of respondents (6% overall) had responsibility for dependents (Figure 7). Figure 7 shows the small percentages of the full sample of respondents caring for a child, parent or partner. Six percent of respondents defined themselves as disabled (Figure 8). 57% of these used the category dyslexic to define their disability; and 14% noted that they have an unseen disability (Table 1). CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 11

Figure 1: The gender distribution amongst the sample n = 928 8 7 6 29% Male (n=655) Female (n=273) CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 12

Figure 2: The spread of ethnicity amongst the sample n = 928 Black or Black British - Caribbean Mixed - White and Black African Mixed - White and Black Caribbean Asian or Asian British - Pakistani Black or Black British - African Mixed - White and other background Asian or Asian British - other Asian Other Mixed - White and Asian Asian or Asian British - Indian Chinese White - Irish White - other white background 0.2% 0.3% 0.3% 0.4% 0.5% 0.9% 1. 1.5% 1.6% 2.4% 3.7% 3.7% 6.3% White - British 77.3% 1 3 5 6 7 8 9 CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 13

Figure 3: The spread of age ranges amongst the sample n = 930 6 5 3 1 44% 21 years and under 53% 2% 1% 22-25 years 26-30 years 31-35 years 36-40 years 41 years and over CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 14

Figure 4: The spread of nationalities amongst the sample n = 927 South American 0.2% African 0.2% North American 0.3% European (non - EU) 0.4% Dual nationality 1.7% Irish 3.6% Asian 4.2% Other EU 4.5% British 84.8% 1 3 5 6 7 8 9 CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 15

Figure 5: The regional origin of respondents n =904 Northern Ireland (n=4) Republic of Ireland (n=12) North East (n=13) EU (not UK) (n=26) East Anglia (n=28) Elsewhere (n=38) East of England (n=47) East Midlands (n=50) Yorkshire and Humberside (n=52) Wales (n=53) Scotland (n=60) London (n=71) North West (n=80) West Midlands (n=92) South West (n=103) South East (n=175) 1% 1% 3% 3% 4% 5% 6% 6% 6% 7% 8% 9% 1 11% 19% 5% 1 15% 25% CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 16

Figure 6: The proportion of respondents coming from each occupational background* n = 881 Other 5% Major 9 2% Major 8 1% Major 7 Major 6 Major 5 2% 2% 3% Major 4 5% Major 3 11% Major 2 46% Major 1 22% 5% 1 15% 25% 3 35% 45% 5 * This is the combined parental occupational group. See Appendix 2 for description of the major groups CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 17

Figure 7: The proportion of respondents with responsibilities for a child, parent or partner n = 931 Yes, I am the main carer Yes, I share the caring responsibilities 2.2% 2. 1.8% 1.6% 1.4% 1.2% 1. 0.8% 0.6% 0.4% 0.2% 0. 1.9% 1.5% 1.2% 1.1% 0.8% 0.1% Care child (n=18) Care parent (n=24) Care partner (n=19) CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 18

Figure 8: The proportion of respondents with a disability n = 929 8 6 93% 6% Yes No Prefer not to say 1% CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 19

Table 1: The spread of disability type within the sample Disability Frequency (n=58) Proportion (%) Blind / partially sighted 1 1.7% Deaf / hearing impaired 5 8.6% Dyslexia 33 56.9% Mental health disability 4 6.9% Other disability 6 10.3% Unseen disability 8 13.8% Wheelchair user / mobility impaired 1 1.7% CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 20

White - British (n=715) White - Irish (n=34) White - other white background (n=58) Mixed - White and Black Caribbean (n=3) Mixed - White and Black African (n=3) Mixed - White and Asian (n=15) Mixed - White and other background (n=8) Asian or Asian British - Indian (n=22) Asian or Asian British - Pakistani (n=4) Asian or Asian British - other Asian background (n=9) Black or Black British - Caribbean (n=2) Black or Black British - African (n=5) Chinese (n=34) Other (n=14) 2.2 Further exploration of the demographic profiles Within this section the demographic profile of the sample will be explored in greater detail through the use of cross-tabulations. Figure 9 and Table 2 present the breakdown of the respondents by gender and ethnicity. It is important to note here that with the exception of the White British category (n=715), the response rates were very low across the remaining ethnic groups. Caution must therefore be exercised when drawing conclusions. Figure 9: The proportion of genders across ethnic groups n = 926 Male (n=654) Female (n=272) 9 8 7 6 29% 21% 41% 33% 7% 25% 18% 25% 78% 5 41% 36% 5 3 1 71% 79% 59% 67% 93% 75% 82% 75% 22% 5 59% 64% CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 21

White - British (n=715) White - Irish (n=34) White - other white background (n=58) Mixed - White and Black Caribbean (n=3) Mixed - White and Black African (n=3) Mixed - White and Asian (n=15) Mixed - White and other background (n=8) Asian or Asian British - Indian (n=22) Asian or Asian British - Pakistani (n=4) Asian or Asian British - other Asian background (n=9) Black or Black British - Caribbean (n=2) Black or Black British - African (n=5) Chinese (n=34) Other (n=14) Total (n=926) Table 2: Spread of gender across ethnic groups Male (n=654) 510 27 34 3 2 14 6 18 3 2 1 5 20 9 654 71% 79% 59% 67% 93% 75% 82% 75% 22% 5 59% 64% 71% Female (n=272) 205 7 24 0 1 1 2 4 1 7 1 0 14 5 272 29% 21% 41% 33% 7% 25% 18% 25% 78% 5 41% 36% 29% Total (n=926) 715 34 58 3 3 15 8 22 4 9 2 5 34 14 926 CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 22

White - British (n=717) White - Irish (n=34) White - other white background Mixed - White and Black Caribbean (n=3) Mixed - White and Black African (n=3) Mixed - White and Asian (n=15) Mixed - White and other background (n=8) Asian or Asian British - Indian (n=22) Asian or Asian British - Pakistani (n=4) Asian or Asian British - other Asian Black or Black British - Caribbean (n=2) Black or Black British - African (n=5) Chinese (n=34) Other (n=14) Figure 10 and Table 3 illustrate the breakdown of the respondents by age and ethnicity. As with the previous figure, the proportion of responses within all but the White British ethnic group were low, as was the proportion within all age groups with the exception of the 21 years and under; and 22-25 year groups. Figure 10: Spread of ethnicity amongst the age groups n = 928 41 yrs and over (n=5) 36-40 yrs (n=1) 31-35 yrs (n=4) 26-30 yrs (n=17) 22-25 yrs (n=488) 21 years and under (n=413) 8 6 49% 3% 71% 71% 33% 33% 33% 13% 5 55% 5 62% 7% 71% 67% 67% 67% 48% 24% 26% 38% 41% 5 38% 21% CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 23

White - British (n=717) White - Irish (n=34) White - other white background (n=58) Mixed - White and Black Caribbean (n=3) Mixed - White and Black African (n=3) Mixed - White and Asian (n=15) Mixed - White and other background (n=8) Asian or Asian British - Indian (n=22) Asian or Asian British - Pakistani (n=4) Asian or Asian British - other Asian background (n=9) Black or Black British - Caribbean (n=2) Black or Black British - African (n=5) Chinese (n=34) Other (n=14) Total (n=928) Table 3: Respondent demographics for ethnicity and age 21 years and under (n=413) 22-25 yrs (n=488) 26-30 yrs (n=17) 31-35 yrs (n=4) 36-40 yrs (n=1) 41 yrs and over (n=5) 346 8 15 2 2 10 3 9 0 0 1 1 13 3 413 48% 24% 26% 67% 67% 67% 38% 41% 5 38% 21% 45% 353 24 41 1 1 5 4 12 4 9 1 2 21 10 488 49% 71% 71% 33% 33% 33% 5 55% 5 62% 71% 53% 11 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 17 2% 3% 3% 5% 7% 2% 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 13% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 1% 3% 1% Total (n=928) 717 34 58 3 3 15 8 22 4 9 2 5 34 14 928 CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 24

East Anglia (n=28) East Midlands (n=50) East of England (n=47) Elsewhere (n=38) EU (not UK) (n=26) London (n=71) North East (n=13) North West (n=80) Northern Ireland (n=4) Republic of Ireland (n=12) Scotland (n=60) South East (n=175) South West (n=103) Wales (n=53) West Midlands (n=92) Yorkshire and Humberside (n=52) Figure 11 and Table 4 detail the spread of age groups within the sample across a range of geographical regions (based on student s home address). The largest age group represented in 9 out of 16 geographical locations was 22-25 year. This group was the only age group in Northern Ireland where responses were very low (n=4) and prominent in the Republic of Ireland (83% n=12). In 6 locations at least half of the students were 21 years and under (East Midlands, East of England, North East, South East and Wales and West Midlands). Figure 11: Spread of age groups and geographical regions n = 904 21 years and under 22-25 yrs 26-30 yrs 31-35 yrs 36-40 yrs 41 yrs and over 6% 8 6 68% 48% 74% 69% 52% 31% 59% 83% 6 48% 5 42% 5 52% 32% 52% 57% 24% 27% 42% 69% 34% 17% 37% 51% 48% 51% 5 44% CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 25

East Anglia (n=28) East Midlands (n=50) East of England (n=47) Elsewhere (n=38) EU (not UK) (n=26) London (n=71) North East (n=13) North West (n=80) Northern Ireland (n=4) Republic of Ireland (n=12) Scotland (n=60) South East (n=175) South West (n=103) Wales (n=53) West Midlands (n=92) Yorkshire and Humberside (n=52) Total (n=904) Table 4: Respondent demographics for region and age 21 years and under 9 26 27 9 7 30 9 27 2 22 90 49 27 46 23 403 32% 52% 57% 24% 27% 42% 69% 34% 17% 37% 51% 48% 51% 5 44% 45% 22-25 yrs 19 24 19 28 18 37 4 47 4 10 36 84 51 22 46 27 476 68% 48% 74% 69% 52% 31% 59% 83% 6 48% 5 42% 5 52% 53% 26-30 yrs 1 1 4 5 1 1 3 16 2% 4% 6% 6% 1% 1% 6% 2% 31-35 yrs 1 2 1 4 1% 3% 1% 36-40 yrs 1 1 3% 41 yrs and over 1 1 2 4 1% 2% 4% Total (n=904) 28 50 47 38 26 71 13 80 4 12 60 175 103 53 92 52 904 CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 26

White - British (n=712) White - Irish (n=16) White - other white background (n=57) Mixed - White and Black Caribbean (n=3) Mixed - White and Black African (n=3) Mixed - White and Asian (n=15) Mixed - White and other background (n=8) Asian or Asian British - Indian (n=22) Asian or Asian British - Pakistani (n=4) Asian or Asian British - other Asian background (n=9) Black or Black British - Caribbean (n=2) Black or Black British - African (n=5) Chinese (n=33) Other (n=14) Figure 12 and Table 5 reveal the spread of ethnicity by geographical locations (based on home address). As before, caution is advised when considering the data due to small numbers within many of the ethnicity categories. Of the White British, the largest proportion originated from the South East (22% n=155), followed by the South West (13% n=96). Of those classified as White other (n=23) were from EU not UK. Amongst Mixed White and Asian, 27% (n=4) came from the South East. Amongst the Chinese group, 7 (n=23) came from elsewhere; and 9% (n=3) from the South East. Figure 12: The spread of respondents from each geographical area from each ethnic group n = 903 9 8 7 6 5 3 1 Yorkshire and Humberside (n=52) West Midlands (n=92) Wales (n=53) South West (n=103) South East (n=175) Scotland (n=60) Republic of Ireland (n=12) Northern Ireland (n=4) North West (n=80) North East (n=13) London (n=71) EU (not UK) (n=26) Elsewhere (n=38) East of England (n=46) East Midlands (n=50) East Anglia (n=28) CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 27

North West (n=80) 69 3 3 2 1 1 1 80 Northern Ireland (n=4) Republic of Ireland (n=12) 1 5% 25% 11% 3% 7% 9% 1 2 1 4 13% 3% 1 11 12 69% 1% Scotland (n=60) 50 4 1 2 1 1 1 60 7% 7% 7% 9% 25% 3% 7% 7% South East (n=175) 155 2 4 2 4 2 1 1 3 1 175 22% 13% 7% 67% 27% 25% 5% 9% 7% 19% South West (n=103) 96 3 1 1 1 1 103 13% 5% 7% 13% 3% 7% 11% Wales (n=53) 51 2 53 West Midlands (n=92) Yorkshire and Humberside (n=52) 7% 14% 6% 79 4 1 7 1 92 11% 7% 33% 32% 3% 1 48 1 1 1 1 52 7% 7% 13% 25% 11% 6% Total (n=903) 712 16 57 3 3 15 8 22 4 9 2 5 33 14 903 CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 29

East Anglia (n=28) East Midlands (n=48) East of England (n=47) Elsewhere (n=38) EU (not UK) (n=26) London (n=71) North East (n=13) North West (n=80) Northern Ireland (n=4) Republic of Ireland (n=12) Scotland (n=60) South East (n=175) South West (n=103) Wales (n=53) West Midlands (n=92) Yorkshire and Humberside (n=52) Figure 13 and Table 6 display the breakdown of gender by geographical area. It is noticeable that all 16 geographical locations presented with at least 5 of males, and five of them with at least 75% of males: East of England (n=36), North West (n=61), South East (n=131), South West (n=78) and Wales (n=40). Figure 13: The proportion of genders in the sample from each geographical area n = 902 Female (n=340) Male (n=965) 8 29% 29% 23% 37% 42% 34% 31% 24% 5 33% 25% 24% 25% 37% 37% 6 71% 71% 77% 63% 58% 66% 69% 76% 5 67% 6 75% 76% 75% 63% 63% CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 30

East Anglia (n=28) East Midlands (n=48) East of England (n=47) Elsewhere (n=38) EU (not UK) (n=26) London (n=71) North East (n=13) North West (n=80) Northern Ireland (n=4) Republic of Ireland (n=12) Scotland (n=60) South East (n=175) South West (n=103) Wales (n=53) West Midlands (n=92) Yorkshire and Humberside (n=52) Total (n=902) Table 6: Spread of gender by geographical area Female (n=270) 8 14 11 14 11 24 4 19 2 4 24 44 25 13 34 19 270 29% 29% 23% 37% 42% 34% 31% 24% 5 33% 25% 24% 25% 37% 37% 3 Male (n=632) 20 34 36 24 15 47 9 61 2 8 36 131 78 40 58 33 632 71% 71% 77% 63% 58% 66% 69% 76% 5 67% 6 75% 76% 75% 63% 63% 7 (n=902) 28 48 47 38 26 71 13 80 4 12 60 175 103 53 92 52 902 CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 31

African (n=2) Asian (n=39) Australasian (n=0) Dual nationality (n=16) European (non - EU) (n=4) Irish (n=33) North American (n=3) Other EU (n=42) British (n=784) South American (n=2) Figure 14 and Table 7 look more broadly at the breakdown of gender by nationality. It is important to consider the low numbers of respondents within many of the nationality categories, especially African (n=2), European: non-eu (n=4), North America (n=3) and South American (n=2). Setting aside the data for those nationalities with low numbers, there was a higher representation of males across all other nationalities and there was a particularly high representation of males of Irish nationality (79% n=26) and of males with British nationality (72% n=576). Figure 14: The spread of genders in the sample from each nationality n = 925 Female (n=270) Male (n=655) 9 8 7 6 38% 5 5 21% 67% 43% 28% 5 5 3 1 62% 5 5 79% 33% 57% 72% 5 CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 32

African (n=2) Asian (n=39) Australasian (n=0) Dual nationality (n=16) European (non - EU) (n=4) Irish (n=33) North American (n=3) Other EU (n=42) British (n=784) South American (n=2) Total (n=925) Table 7: Spread of nationality by gender Male (n=655) 2 24 8 2 26 1 24 567 1 655 62% 5 5 79% 33% 57% 72% 5 71% Female (n=270) 15 8 2 7 2 18 217 1 270 38% 5 5 21% 67% 43% 28% 5 29% (n=925) 2 39 16 4 33 3 42 784 2 925 CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 33

African (n=2) Asian (n=39) Australasian (n=0) Dual nationality (n=16) European (non - EU) (n=4) Irish (n=33) North American (n=3) Other EU (n=42) British (n=786) South American (n=2) Figure 15 and Table 8 explore the age ranges by nationality. As before, caution must be exercised when considering the low numbers in many of the nationality categories. Figure 15: The spread of age groups based on nationality n = 927 21 years and under (n=411) 22-25 yrs (n=489) 26-30 yrs (n=17) 31-35 yrs (n=4) 36-40 yrs (n=1) 41 yrs and over (n=5) 8 6 5 72% 56% 7 69% 5 0.5 5 28% 38% 24% 26% 48% 5 CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 34

African (n=2) Asian (n=39) Australasian (n=0) Dual nationality (n=16) European (non - EU) (n=4) Irish (n=33) North American (n=3) Other EU (n=42) British (n=786) South American (n=2) Total (n=927) Table 8: Spread of age groups based on nationality 21 years and under (n=411) 1 11 6 8 11 374 411 5 28% 38% 24% 26% 48% 44% 22-25 yrs (n=489) 28 9 4 23 3 29 392 1 489 72% 56% 7 69% 5 5 53% 26-30 yrs (n=17) 1 1 1 13 1 17 6% 3% 2% 2% 5 2% 31-35 yrs (n=4) 1 3 4 2% 36-40 yrs (n=1) 1 1 5 41 yrs and over (n=5) 1 4 5 3% 1% 1% Total (n=927) 2 39 16 4 33 3 42 786 2 927 CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 35

White - British (n=692) White - Irish (n=33) White - other white background (n=53) Mixed - White and Black Caribbean (n=3) Mixed - White and Black African (n=2) Mixed - White and Asian (n=14) Mixed - White and other background (n=8) Asian or Asian British - Indian (n=21) Asian or Asian British - Pakistani (n=4) Asian or Asian British - other Asian background (n=9) Black or Black British - Caribbean (n=2) Black or Black British - African (n=4) Chinese (n=21) Other (n=14) Figure 16 and Table 9 show the relationship between occupational class and ethnicity. As before, be mindful of the small respondent numbers within many of the ethnic groups. It is apparent that there was a large representation of those from the major group 2 classification within the majority of ethnic groups (n=408). The second largest group was from major group 1 (n=195). Figure 16: The spread of occupational backgrounds across the ethnic groups n = 880 Major 1 (n=195) Major 2 (n=408) Major 3 (n=94) Major 4 (n=43) Major 5 (n=28) Major 6 (n=22) Major 7 (n=19) Major 8 (n=8) Major 9 (n=20) Other (n=43) 8 6 CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 36

White - British (n=692) White - Irish (n=33) White - other white background (n=53) Mixed - White and Black Caribbean (n=3) Mixed - White and Black African (n=2) Mixed - White and Asian (n=14) Mixed - White and other background (n=8) Asian or Asian British - Indian (n=21) Asian or Asian British - Pakistani (n=4) Asian or Asian British - other Asian background (n=9) Black or Black British - Caribbean (n=2) Black or Black British - African (n=4) Chinese (n=21) Other (n=14) Total (n=880) Table 9: Spread of occupational backgrounds by ethnicity Major 1 (n=195) 153 7 13 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 1 5 5 195 22% 21% 25% 5 21% 13% 14% 25% 11% 5 25% 24% 36% 22% Major 2 (n=408) 327 12 30 2 1 5 2 10 3 1 10 5 408 47% 36% 57% 67% 5 36% 25% 48% 33% 25% 48% 36% 46% Major 3 (n=94) 78 3 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 94 11% 9% 4% 14% 13% 1 25% 22% 5 25% 7% 11% Major 4 (n=43) 33 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 43 5% 6% 4% 7% 13% 1 5% 7% 5% Major 5 (n=28) 20 3 1 1 1 1 1 28 3% 9% 2% 7% 5% 11% 5% 3% Major 6 (n=22) 20 1 1 22 3% 3% 13% 3% Major 7 (n=19) 17 1 1 19 2% 3% 7% 2% Major 8 (n=8) 4 1 1 1 1 8 1% 3% 5% 25% 25% 1% Major 9 (n=20) 11 3 4 2 20 2% 9% 8% 1 2% Other (n=43) 29 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 43 4% 2% 33% 14% 25% 1 25% 22% 1 7% 5% Total (n=880) 692 33 53 3 2 14 8 21 4 9 2 4 21 14 880 CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 37

Figure 17 and Table 10 show the breakdown of occupational background by gender. There was little or no variation observed between the genders. Figure 17: The spread of occupational backgrounds amongst the genders n = 880 Major 1 (n=195) Major 2 (n=409) Major 3 (n=93) Major 4 (n=43) Major 5 (n=28) Major 6 (n=22) Major 7 (n=19) Major 8 (n=8) Major 9 (n=20) Other (n=43) 8 5% 4% 11% 9% 6 45% 49% 23% 21% Male (n=622) Female (n=258) CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 38

Table 10: Spread of occupational backgrounds by gender Male (n=622) Female (n=258) Total (n=880) Major 1 (n=195) 141 54 195 23% 21% 22% Major 2 (n=409) 283 126 409 45% 49% 46% Major 3 (n=93) 70 23 93 11% 9% 11% Major 4 (n=43) 32 11 43 5% 4% 5% Major 5 (n=28) 19 9 28 3% 3% 3% Major 6 (n=22) 17 5 22 3% 2% 3% Major 7 (n=19) 13 6 19 2% 2% 2% Major 8 (n=8) 5 3 8 1% 1% 1% Major 9 (n=20) 14 6 20 2% 2% 2% Other (n=43) 28 15 43 5% 6% 5% Total (n=880) 622 258 880 CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 39

East Anglia (n=26) East Midlands (n=48) East of England (n=43) Elsewhere (n=27) EU (not UK) (n=23) London (n=68) North East (n=13) North West (n=78) Northern Ireland (n=4) Republic of Ireland (n=12) Scotland (n=56) South East (n=169) South West (n=101) Wales (n=53) West Midlands (n=87) Yorkshire and Humberside (n=52) Figure 18 and Table 11 shows the distribution of occupational background against geographical location. The region with the highest representation of major group 1 (senior officials and management) respondents was Elsewhere (3 n=8). 4 other regions had over 25% (East Anglia; Scotland; South East; and Wales). Major group 2 respondents were strongly represented across many regions, with the exception of Northern Ireland, the largest proportions were from Europe (not UK) (61% n=14) and London (54% n=37), East Anglia (54% n=14) and the North West (54% n=42). Figure 18: The spread of occupational background by geographic area n = 860 Major 1 (n=189) Major 2 (n=403) Major 3 (n=92) Major 4 (n=42) Major 5 (n=26) Major 6 (n=21) Major 7 (n=19) Major 8 (n=7) Major 9 (n=18) Other (n=43) 8 6 54% 46% 47% 48% 61% 54% 46% 54% 75% 42% 36% 43% 53% 32% 45% 46% 27% 15% 23% 3 22% 18% 23% 15% 17% 27% 28% 17% 26% 23% 19% CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 40

East Anglia (n=26) East Midlands (n=48) East of England (n=43) Elsewhere (n=27) EU (not UK) (n=23) London (n=68) North East (n=13) North West (n=78) Northern Ireland (n=4) Republic of Ireland (n=12) Scotland (n=56) South East (n=169) South West (n=101) Wales (n=53) West Midlands (n=87) Yorkshire and Humberside (n=52) Total (n=860) Table 11: Spread of occupational background by geographical area Major 1 (n=189) 7 7 10 8 5 12 3 12 2 15 47 17 14 20 10 189 27% 15% 23% 3 22% 18% 23% 15% 17% 27% 28% 17% 26% 23% 19% 22% Major 2 (n=403) 14 22 20 13 14 37 6 42 3 5 20 73 54 17 39 24 403 54% 46% 47% 48% 61% 54% 46% 54% 75% 42% 36% 43% 53% 32% 45% 46% 47% Major 3 (n=92) 3 2 5 2 8 2 5 2 7 17 13 9 10 7 92 12% 4% 12% 7% 12% 15% 6% 17% 13% 1 13% 17% 11% 13% 11% Major 4 (n=42) 1 6 2 2 1 1 4 1 2 7 5 4 3 3 42 4% 13% 5% 9% 1% 8% 5% 8% 4% 4% 5% 8% 3% 6% 5% Major 5 (n=26) 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 5 3 3 5 26 4% 2% 4% 4% 4% 8% 4% 3% 3% 6% 6% 3% Major 6 (n=21) 4 1 1 2 3 2 3 4 1 21 8% 2% 1% 4% 2% 2% 6% 5% 2% 2% Major 7 (n=19) 2 2 1 4 2 2 3 1 2 19 4% 5% 1% 5% 4% 1% 3% 2% 4% 2% Major 8 (n=7) 1 1 1 1 2 1 7 4% 1% 8% 2% 1% 1% 1% Major 9 (n=18) 2 1 3 3 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 18 4% 2% 4% 4% 25% 8% 2% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% Other (n=43) 2 2 3 4 5 4 11 3 2 3 4 43 4% 5% 11% 6% 6% 7% 7% 3% 4% 3% 8% 5% Total (n=860) 26 48 43 27 23 68 13 78 4 12 56 169 101 53 87 52 860 CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 41

Figure 19 and table 12 illustrates level of care responsibilities for a child by gender. There were very few instances where respondents indicated such a responsibility. As such, care must be exercised when considering the data below. However, in the largest group 57% (n=4) of those who shared responsibility were male but amongst those who were the main carer 55% (n=6) of them were male. Clearly fewer females are without caring responsibility (29% n=260) than males (71% n=637). Figure 19: The proportion of males and females with main or shared care responsibilities for a child n = 915 Male (n=647) Female (n=268) 9 8 7 6 5 3 1 29% 45% 43% 71% 55% 57% Yes, I am the main carer (n=11) Yes, I share the caring responsibilities (n=7) No (n=897) CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 42

Table 12: The proportion of males and females with caring responsibilities for a child Male (n=647) Female (n=268) Total (n=915) Yes, I am the main carer (n=11) 6 5 11 55% 45% Yes, I share the caring responsibilities (n=7) 4 3 7 57% 43% No (n=897) 637 260 897 71% 29% Total (n=915) 647 268 915 70.71% 29.29% 100.0 CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 43

Aberdeen (n=6) Aberystwyth (n=31) Bath (n=0) Birmingham (n=31) Bristol (n=85) Cambridge (n=18) Cardiff (n=17) Cork (n=13) Dublin City (n=0) Dublin Institute of Technology (n=0) Dundee (n=0) Durham (n=44) Edinburgh (n=29) Exeter (n=41) Glasgow (n=15) Herriot Watt (n=0) Hertfordshire (n=7) Hull (n=4) Imperial College London (n=32) 2.3 Institution demographics This section explores the breakdown in the sample demographics from each individual institution. Because of the number of institutions surveyed, each question has been allocated three figures, labelled Part one, Part two and Part three, in order to best present the results. Figures 20-22 and tables 13-15 illustrate the proportion of males and females across the institutions. All but two of the institutions returned a higher proportion of male responses than female (Aberdeen and QUB) but many of these numbers are very small. Figure 20: The spread of genders amongst the sample from each institution (Part one) n = 919 Female (n=265) Male (n=654) 8 23% 42% 39% 44% 35% 15% 45% 1 13% 25% 28% 6 67% 33% 77% 58% 61% 56% 65% 85% 59% 55% 9 87% 75% 72% CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 44

KCL (n=27) Keele (n=13) Kent (n=18) Lancaster (n=13) Leeds (n=22) Leicester (n=24) Limerick (n=3) Liverpool (n=30) Loughborough (n=16) Manchester (n=38) Nottingham (n=5) NUI Maynooth (n=0) Open (n=0) Oxford (n=77) Paisley (n=0) QMUL (n=7) QUB (n=1) Figure 21: The spread of genders amongst the sample from each institution (Part two) n = 919 Female (n=265) Male (n=654) 8 33% 54% 33% 15% 45% 42% 27% 19% 21% 25% 14% 6 67% 46% 67% 85% 55% 58% 73% 81% 79% 75% 86% CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 46

KCL (n=27) Keele (n=13) Kent (n=18) Lancaster (n=13) Leeds (n=22) Leicester (n=24) Limerick (n=3) Liverpool (n=30) Loughborough (n=16) Manchester (n=38) Nottingham (n=5) NUI Maynooth (n=0) Open (n=0) Oxford (n=77) Paisley (n=0) QMUL (n=7) QUB (n=1) Table 14: Spread of gender across institutions (Part two) Male (n=654) 18 6 12 11 12 14 3 22 13 30 5 58 6 67% 46% 67% 85% 55% 58% 73% 81% 79% 75% 86% Female (n=265) 9 7 6 2 10 10 8 3 8 19 1 1 33% 54% 33% 15% 45% 42% 27% 19% 21% 25% 14% Total (n=919) 27 13 18 13 22 24 3 30 16 38 5 77 7 1 CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 47

Reading (n=0) Royal Holloway (n=7) Salford (n=0) Sheffield (n=9) Southampton (n=65) St Andrews (n=5) Strathclyde (n=14) Surrey (n=21) Sussex (n=6) Swansea (n=7) Trinity College Dublin (n=13) UCD (n=0) UCL (n=0) UCLAN (n=24) UWS (n=1) Warwick (n=62) Waterford (n=4) York (n=14) Figure 22: The spread of genders amongst the sample from each institution (Part three) n = 919 8 14% 22% 29% 6 36% 1 5 38% 38% 13% 25% 21% 6 86% 78% 71% 64% 9 5 62% 63% 87% 75% 79% Female (n=265) Male (n=654) CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 48

Reading (n=0) Royal Holloway (n=7) Salford (n=0) Sheffield (n=9) Southampton (n=65) St Andrews (n=5) Strathclyde (n=14) Surrey (n=21) Sussex (n=6) Swansea (n=7) Trinity College Dublin (n=13) UCD (n=0) UCL (n=0) UCLAN (n=24) UWS (n=1) Warwick (n=62) Waterford (n=4) York (n=14) Total (n=919) Table 15: Spread of gender across institutions (Part three) Male (n=654) 6 7 46 2 9 19 3 7 8 15 1 54 3 11 654 86% 78% 71% 64% 9 5 62% 63% 87% 75% 79% 71% Female (n=265) 1 2 19 3 5 2 3 5 9 8 1 3 265 14% 22% 29% 6 36% 1 5 38% 38% 13% 25% 21% 29% Total (n=919) 7 9 65 5 14 21 6 7 13 24 1 62 4 14 919 CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 49

Aberdeen (n=6) Aberystwyth (n=31) Bath (n=0) Birmingham (n=31) Bristol (n=85) Cambridge (n=18) Cardiff (n=17) Cork (n=13) Dublin City (n=0) Dublin Institute of Technology (n=0) Dundee (n=0) Durham (n=44) Edinburgh (n=29) Exeter (n=41) Glasgow (n=15) Herriot Watt (n=0) Hertfordshire (n=7) Hull (n=5) Imperial College London (n=32) Figures 23-25 and tables 16-18 illustrate the spread of age groups within the sample, from each institution. QUB and Sussex did not return responses from students in the 21yrs and under category. Hull, UWS and Southampton have the youngest profiles of student age. The 21yrs and under and 22 to 25 year age groups dominate throughout. Figure 23: The spread of age ranges amongst the sample from each institution (Part one) n = 921 41 yrs and over (n=5) 36-40 yrs (n=1) 31-35 yrs (n=4) 26-30 yrs (n=17) 22-25 yrs (n=484) 21 years and under (n=410) 8 6 3% 33% 29% 55% 33% 78% 47% 69% 64% 83% 46% 67% 14% 57% 81% 67% 68% 45% 67% 22% 53% 23% 36% 17% 49% 33% 29% 8 19% CEI University of Warwick for Institute of Physics Tracking careers of UK Physics students December 2010 50