Ninth Grade O: Oral Expression and Listening O.1: Oral presentations require effective preparation strategies O.1.a: Give formal and informal talks to various audiences for various purposes using appropriate level of formality and rhetorical devices O.1.b: Use verbal and nonverbal techniques to communicate information O.1.c: Define a position and select evidence to support that position O.1.d: Develop a well-organized presentation to defend a position O.1.e: Use effective audience and oral delivery skills to persuade an audience SE/TE: Communication Workshop: Delivering a Persuasive Speech, 594, Multimedia Presentation of a Research Report, 1018; also see: Listening and Speaking: Interview, 41, Oral presentation, 181, 255, Debate, 281, 1117, Panel discussion, 463, 739, 1207, Radio news report, 563, Impromptu speech, 641, Illustrated presentation, 667, Mock trial, 934, Persuasive speech, 1015, Interpretive speech, 1243 SE/TE: Listening and Speaking: Facial expressions, use, 71, Body movements, use appropriate, 71, 667, 717, 934, Eye contact, make appropriate, 71, 641, 667, 717, 934, Language, use appropriate, 373, 717, Props, use, 463, Body language, use, 641, Voice register, use appropriate, 667, Voice, use appropriate, 717, Delivery, extemporaneous, 739, Extemporaneous delivery, make notes for, 1207, Feelings, share, 765, Verbal, Nonverbal techniques, use, 1085, Respect, show, 1207 SE/TE: Communication Workshop: Delivering a Persuasive Speech, 594; also see: Listening and Speaking: Debate, 281, 1117, Panel discussion, 463, 739, 1207, Mock trial, 934, Persuasive speech, 1015 SE/TE: Communication Workshop: Delivering a Persuasive Speech, 594; also see: Listening and Speaking: Debate, 281, 1117, Panel discussion, 463, 739, 1207, Mock trial, 934, Persuasive speech, 1015 SE/TE: Listening and Speaking: Facial expressions, use, 71, Body movements, use appropriate, 71, 667, 717, 934, Eye contact, make appropriate, 71, 641, 667, 717, 934, Language, use appropriate, 373, 717, Props, use, 463, Body language, use, 641, Voice register, use appropriate, 667, Voice, use appropriate, 717, Delivery, extemporaneous, 739, Extemporaneous delivery, make notes for, 1207, Feelings, share, 765, Verbal, Nonverbal techniques, use, 1085, Respect, show, 1207 1
O.2: Listening critically to comprehend a speaker's message requires mental and physical strategies to direct and maintain attention O.2.a: Follow the speaker's arguments as they develop; take notes when appropriate O.2.b: Give verbal and nonverbal feedback to the speaker SE/TE: Communication Workshop: Evaluating a Speech, 414; also see: Listening and Speaking Activities: Debate, 281, 1117, Panel discussion, 463, 739, 1207, Discussion, 765 SE/TE: Listen carefully, 41, 1117; Opinion, express, 281; Voice register, use appropriate, 667; Voice, use appropriate, 717; Comments, interpret others', 739; Feelings, share, 765; Nonverbal, Verbal techniques, use, 1085; Respect, show, 1207 O.2.c: Ask clarifying questions SE/TE: Questions: ask relevant, 41 O.2.d: Evaluate arguments and evidence O.2.e: Explain how variables such as background knowledge, experiences, values, and beliefs can affect communication R: Reading for All Purposes invite, 411, 591, anticipate, 594, use appropriate, 934, respond effectively, 1207 SE/TE: Communication Workshop: Evaluating a Speech, 414; also see: Listening and Speaking Activities: Debate, 281, 1117, Panel discussion, 463, 739, 1207, Discussion, 765 SE/TE: For related content see: Communication Workshop: Analyzing Broadcast Media, 184, Comparing Media Coverage, 1246; also see: Listening and Speaking Activities: Interview, 41 R.1: Increasingly complex literary elements in traditional and contemporary works of literature require scrutiny and comparison R.1.a: Analyze character types, including dynamic/round character, static/flat character, stereotype, and caricature R.1.b: Explain the relationships among elements of literature: characters, plot, setting, tone, point of view, and theme SE/TE: Character, 6, 8, 12, 125, 130, 134, 135, 141, 144, 146, 149, 187, 198, 199, 200, 204, 208, 209, 255, 347,371, 708, 711, 782, 784; Characters, comparing and contrasting, 1145 SE/TE: Plot (includes climax), 6, 7, 14, 43, 48, 50, 51, 53, 57, 64, 69, 198, 202, 207, 209, 307, 782; Character, 8, 12, 125, 130, 134, 135, 141, 144, 146, 149, 187, 198, 199, 200, 204, 208, 209, 255, 347, 371, 708, 711, 782, 784; Point of view, 80, 83, 84, 85, 87, 89, 93 Comparing Themes, 160, 171; Theme, 162, 163, 165, 166, 167, 170, 199, 200, 610, 782; Setting, 290, 293, 294, 296, 297, 300, 303, 304, 305; Characterization, direct/indirect, 313, 318, 319, 320, 321, 324, 329, 333, 334, 336, 339, 343; Tone, 428, 430, 439, 441, 445, 453, 461; Mood, narrative poetry, 693, 698, 703, 714, 715; Comparing Archetypal Themes, 944, 959; Universal themes in the oral tradition, 1032; Forms that express universal themes, 1033; Model Selection (themes), 1034 1039; Characters, comparing and contrasting, 1145 2
R.1.c: Identify the characteristics that distinguish literary forms and genres SE/TE: The program exposes students to a wide range of literature, both fiction and nonfiction. Selections are organized in a variety of ways throughout the program to emphasize genre, literary elements, theme, culture, or their place in the development of literary history. Genre study frames the first five units as follows: Genre Introduction: What are Fiction/Nonfiction, 4 5; Characteristics of Fiction, Nonfiction, 6, 7; What is a Short story?, 196 197; Elements of Short stories, 200 201; What is Nonfiction?, 426 427; Exploring types of nonfiction, 428 429; What is Poetry?, 606 607; Elements of poetry, 608 609; What is Drama, 780 781; Elements of 782 783 Within each unit, literature selections are grouped according to key literary elements and themes through the Comparing Literary Works feature: Comparing Literary Works: Point of view, 80; Themes, 160; Setting, 290; Symbolism and Allegory, 382; Biographical Writing, 498; Humorous Writing, 572; Imagery, 676; Forms of Lyric poetry, 748 In addition, Informational Text workshops provide students with opportunities to work with non-print texts in real-world contexts. Informational Texts: 74 78, 154 158, 284 288, 376 382, 492 496, 670 674, 742 748, 938 942, 980 984, 1120 1126, 1208 1212 R.1.d: Examine the ways in which works of literature are related to the issues and themes of their historical periods SE/TE: Historical and cultural context, 1041, 1048, 1050, 1052, 1056, 1062, 1064, 1067, 1068, 1072, 1076, 1083, 1087, 1092, 1094, 1097, 1098, 1099, 1101, 1107, 1108, 1110, 1115; also see: Literature In Context, 65, 91, 106, 115, 132, 147, 164, 221, 233, 263, 302, 322, 354, 368, 386, 450, 472, 505, 533, 557, 663, 789, 810, 842, 848, 872, 883, 907, 918, 952, 999, 1078, 1095, 1169, 1181, 1222; Themes in literature: cultural details, 1033, cultural context, 1038, 1039 3
R.1.e: Use literary terms to describe and analyze selections SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Response to Literature, 756 763; also see: Writing Applications: Critique, 71; Writing to Compare Literary Works, 93, 171, 305, 401, 511, 581, 685, 755, 959, 1137, 1233 R.2: Increasingly complex informational texts require mature interpretation and study R.2.a: Identify the intended effects of rhetorical strategies the author uses to influence readers' perspectives R.2.b: Evaluate clarity and accuracy of information through close text study and investigation via other sources R.2.c: Describe how the organizational structure and text features support the meaning and purpose of the text R.2.d: Use flexible reading and note-taking strategies (outlining, mapping systems, skimming, scanning, key word search) to organize information and make connections within and across informational texts R.2.e: Critique author's choice of expository, narrative, persuasive, or descriptive modes to convey a message SE/TE: Persuasive speech, rhetorical devices, 539, 549, 561 SE/TE: Informational Texts: evaluate credibility (and argument), 566 571, paraphrase, find main idea, 742 747, analyze text information, logic, sequence, 938 943; also see: Author's motive, persuasive essay, 519, 525, 527; Evaluate persuasive claims, 539, 546, 549, 554, 561; Author's purpose, nonfiction, 436 SE/TE: Expository Essay (organizational structures), 465, 471, 472, 475, 479, 480, 483, 485, 487; for related activities, also see: Informational Texts: critique logic of functional documents ( text features, graphics), 284 289, follow technical directions (analyze structure, features, format), 670 675, analyze text information, logic, sequence, 938 943 SE/TE: Informational Texts: read to perform task (sequence), 74 79, analyze text structure, features, format, 154 159, critique logic of functional documents ( text features, graphics), 284 289, analyze text structure, features, format, 376 381, questions, generate relevant (use background knowledge), 492 497, evaluate credibility (and argument), 566 571, follow technical directions (analyze structure, features, format), 670 675, paraphrase, find main idea, 742 747, analyze text information, logic, sequence, 938 943, evaluate sources, 980 985, texts, identify characteristics of types of (primary and secondary sources), 1120 1125, primary sources, analyze, 1210 1215 SE/TE: Expository Essay (organizational structures), 465, 471, 472, 475, 479, 480, 483, 485, 487; Persuasive Essay, 519, 523, 525, 527, 531, 535; Persuasive Speech, 539, 543, 544, 545, 546, 549, 555, 556, 559, 561; for related activities, also see: Informational Texts: critique logic of functional documents ( text features, graphics), 284 289, follow technical directions (analyze structure, features, format), 670 675, analyze text information, logic, sequence, 938 943 4
W: Writing and Composition W.1: Literary and narrative texts develop a controlling idea or theme with descriptive and expressive language W.1.a: Write well-focused texts with an explicit or implicit theme and details that contribute to a definite point of view and tone W.1.b: Organize paragraphs or stanzas to present ideas clearly and purposefully for a specific audience W.1.c: Write literary and narrative texts using a range of poetic techniques, figurative language, and graphic elements to engage or entertain the intended audience W.1.d: Refine the expression of voice and tone in a text by selecting and using appropriate vocabulary, sentence structure, and sentence organization W.1.e: Review and revise ideas and development in substantive ways to improve the depth of ideas and vividness of supporting details W.1.f: Explain strengths and weaknesses of own writing and the writing of others using criteria (e.g., checklists, scoring guides) SE/TE: Autobiographical Narrative: Word choice, 95, Main point, identify, 96; Short Story: Identify conflict or problem, 307, Develop narrator s point of view, 308; Description: Scene, bring to life, 687, Impression, strengthen main, 688; also see: Writing: Anecdote, 41, Journal entry, 123, 1191, Poem, 739 SE/TE: Autobiographical Narrative: Timeline, use, 94, Flow chart, 96; Short Story: Develop the organization, 307, Sequence of events, 308; Description: Notes, jot down/take, 686, Organization, choose, 688 SE/TE: Description: Figurative language, use, 686, 687; Writing: Poem, 739; also see: Autobiographical Narrative: Word choice, 95, Sentences, beginnings, vary, 96; Short Story: Show, don t tell, 308 SE/TE: Autobiographical Narrative: Word choice, 95, Sentences, beginnings, vary, 96, Progressive nouns, form correct, 97; Short Story: Use active language, 308; Description: Vivid words, choose, 687, Impression, strengthen main, 688, Prepositional phrases, identify, 689; also see: Writing: Anecdote, 41, Journal entry, 123, 1191, Poem, 739 SE/TE: Autobiographical Narrative: Main point, identify, 96; Short Story: Develop narrator s point of view, 308; Description: Scene, bring to life, 687, Impression, strengthen main, 688; also see: Writing: Anecdote, 41, Journal entry, 123, 1191, Poem, 739 SE/TE: Peer review, use, 176, 406, 586, 760, 1006, 1238; Rubric for Self-Assessment, 99, 179, 311, 409, 589, 691, 763, 763, 965, 1013, 1143, 1241 W.2: Informational and persuasive texts develop a topic and establish a controlling idea or thesis with relevant support W.2.a: Develop texts that define or classify a topic SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Problem-and-solution Essay, 172 179, Cause-and-Effect Essay, 402 409, How-to Essay, 960 965, Technical Document: How-to Manual, 1138 1143, Comparison-and-Contrast Essay, 1234 1241; also see: Comparison-and-contrast essay, 305, 685, 959, 1233, 1253; Cause-and-effect essay, 345 5
W.2.b: Use appropriate rhetorical appeals and genre to engage and guide the intended audience W.2.c: Arrange paragraphs into a logical progression W.2.d: Anticipate and address readers' biases and expectations W.2.e: Revise ideas and structure to improve depth of information and logic of organization W.2.f: Explain and imitate emotional, logical, and ethical appeals used by writers who are trying to persuade an audience SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Problem-and-solution Essay, 172 179, Editorial, 582 589; also see: Writing: Critique, 71, Abstract, 537, Proposal, 563, Editorial, 667, 933; Communications Workshop: Deliver a Persuasive Speech, 594 SE/TE: Paragraph development, use TRI method, 404; also see: Problem-and-Solution Essay: Outline the problem clearly, 174; Details, add paragraphs providing, 281; Thesis statement, write, 583; Thesis, underline, 760; Thesis statement, propose, 1005 SE/TE: Problem-and-Solution Essay: Consider audience, 173, Address readers concerns, 174; Editorial: Readers' concerns, address, 586; also see: Writing: Critique, 71, Abstract, 537, Proposal, 563, Editorial, 667, 933, Communications Workshop: Deliver a Persuasive Speech, 594 SE/TE: Problem-and-Solution Essay: Outline the problem clearly, 174, Support generalizations, 176; Editorial: Issues, consider all sides of, 583, Statistics, provide, 584, Readers' concerns, address, 586; also see: Writing: Editorial, 667, 933; Communications Workshop: Deliver a Persuasive Speech, 594 SE/TE: Problem-and-Solution Essay: Engage audience, 174; Editorial: Issues, consider all sides of, 583, Statistics, provide, 584, Readers' concerns, address, 586; also see: Writing: Editorial, 667, 933; Communications Workshop: Deliver a Persuasive Speech, 594 W.3: Writing for grammar, usage, mechanics, and clarity requires ongoing refinements and revisions W.3.a: Use punctuation correctly (semicolons with conjunctive adverbs to combine clauses; colons for emphasis and to introduce a list) W.3.b: Identify comma splices and fused sentences in writing and revise to eliminate them W.3.c: Distinguish between phrases and clauses and use this knowledge to write varied, strong, correct, complete sentences W.3.d: Use various reference tools to vary word choice and make sure words are spelled correctly SE/TE: Semicolons, Colons, 1206; Handbook, R53 SE/TE: Commas, 1190; Handbook, R53; also see: Grammar (Integrated Language Skills): Simple and Compound Sentences, 1084, Complex and Compound-Complex Sentences, 1116 SE/TE: Writer s Toolbox: Revising to Combine Sentences with Phrases, 963, Revising to Combine Sentences Using Adverb Clauses, 1009; also see: Prepositional phrase, 666, 689, 1239; Clauses, main, subordinate, 976 SE/TE: Vocabulary Workshop: Using a Dictionary and Thesaurus, 182 183 6
RR: Research and Reasoning RR.1: Informational materials, including electronic sources, need to be collected, evaluated, and analyzed for accuracy, relevance, and effectiveness for answering research questions RR.1.a: Integrate information from different sources to research and complete a project RR.1.b: Integrate information from different sources to form conclusions about an author's assumptions, biases, credibility, cultural and social perspectives, or world views RR.1.c: Judge the usefulness of information based on relevance to purpose, source, objectivity, copyright date, cultural and world perspective (such as editorials), and support the decision RR.1.d: Examine materials to determine appropriate primary and secondary sources to use for investigating a question, topic, or issue (e.g., library databases, print and electronic encyclopedia and other reference materials, pamphlets, book excerpts, online and print newspaper and magazine articles, letters to an editor, digital forums, oral records, research summaries, scientific and trade journals) RR.2: Effective problem-solving strategies require high-quality reasoning RR.2.a: Analyze the purpose, question at issue, information, points of view, implications and consequences, inferences, assumptions and concepts inherent in thinking RR.2.b: Assess strengths and weaknesses of their thinking and thinking of others by using criteria including relevance, clarity, accuracy, fairness, significance, depth, breadth, logic and precision SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Research Report, 1002 1013, Communication Workshop: Multimedia Presentation of a Research Report, 1018, also see: Research and Technology: Brochure, informative, 345, Report, prepare, 615, Research report, 935, 977, 1008 SE/TE: Informational Texts: questions, evaluate credibility (and argument), 566 571, paraphrase, find main idea, 742 747, evaluate sources, 980 985, texts, identify characteristics of types of (primary and secondary sources), 1120 1125, primary sources, analyze, 1210 1215; also see: Research and Technology: Brochure, informative, 345, Report, prepare, 615, Research report, 935, 977, 1008; Writing Workshop: Research Report, 1002 1013, Communication Workshop: Multimedia Presentation of a Research Report, 1018; SE/TE: Question sources, 1004; Make direct references to sources, 1005; also see: Informational Texts: evaluate sources, 980 985, texts, identify characteristics of types of (primary and secondary sources), 1120 1125, primary sources, analyze, 1210 1215 SE/TE: Sources, identify primary and secondary, 739; Record and organize information, Question sources, 1004; Make direct references to sources, 1005; also see: Informational Texts: evaluate sources, 980 985, texts, identify characteristics of types of (primary and secondary sources), 1120 1125, primary sources, analyze, 1210 1215 SE/TE: Problem-and-Solution Essay: Problem Profile, 173, Outline the problem clearly, 174, Support generalizations, 176; also see: Debate, 281; Proposal, 563; Delivering a Persuasive Speech, 594; Persuasive letter, 933 SE/TE: Problem-and-Solution Essay: Outline the problem clearly, 174, Support generalizations, 176; also see: Debate, 281; Proposal, 563; Delivering a Persuasive Speech, 594; Persuasive letter, 933 7
RR.2.c: Implement a purposeful and articulated process to solve a problem RR.2.d: Monitor and reflect on the rationale for, and effectiveness of, choices made throughout the problem-solving process SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Problem-and-solution Essay, 172 179, How-to Essay, 960 965, Technical Document: How-to Manual, 1138 1143 SE/TE: Problem-and-Solution Essay: Problem Profile, 173, Outline the problem clearly, 174, Support generalizations, 176; also see: Debate, 281; Proposal, 563; Delivering a Persuasive Speech, 594; Persuasive letter, 933 8