Second Declension Masculine Nouns Except for two contracted proper noun stems, all stems in the second declension terminate with the vowel omīkron. For this reason, the second declension is called the omīkron-declension. Case Formation The case endings for (uncontracted) second declension masculine nouns are indicated below in red. Comments concerning their formation follow. The masculine noun, serves for the n-2a paradigm. + case ending CASE n-2a Singular Plural Nominative 1 Genitive 2 3 Dative 4 Accusative 5 Vocative 6 7 1. All case endings are appended to the nominative singular stem. The nominative singular form is the lexical form for all forms of the paradigm. This is true for all nouns, regardless of declension. 2. The actual case form ending is omīkron. However due to the undesired combination with the stem vowel omīkron, contraction occurs. 3. The stem vowel omīkron has been irregularly absorbed by the ōmega, and not because of contraction as in the genitive singular. 4. At some time during the morphological development of the dative singular case ending, the stem vowel omīkron lengthened to ōmega, with the iōta retained as an iōta subscript. 5. The actual case ending is. However, nū drops out when immediately followed by sigma because of phonology. The stem vowel omīkron is lengthened to to compensate for the loss of the nū. 6. The epsīlon irregularly replaces the stem vowel omīkron. 7. The vocative and nominative plural share case endings. Context (function), and not form, determines meaning.
Page SA6:76 The above morphological comments are summarized in the following chart for all (uncontracted) second declension masculine nouns. CASE n-2a Singular Plural Nominative Genitive Dative (contraction) (contraction) (absorption) Accusative (compensation) Vocative (replacement) Comprehensive List All uncontracted second declension masculine nouns which occur in NTGreek are listed below with their frequency in parentheses. Alternate readings in the USB 4 are not cited. Nouns with a dagger demarcate common gender, which can be either masculine (n-2a) or feminine (n-2b). For completeness, they are cited in both comprehensive lists of second declension masculine and feminine nouns (cf. N-2B Comprehensive List). 1. (2) 2. (4) 3. (174) 4. (10) 5. (1) 6. (37) 7. (343) 8. (5) 9. (6) 10. (2) 11. (1) 12. (4) 13. (6) 14. (1) 15. (5) 16. (4) 17. (1) 18. (1) 19. (2) 20. (1) 21. (1) 22. (31) 23. (1) 24. (3) 25. (550) 26. (5)
Page SA6:77 27. (5) 28. (5) 29. (1) 30. (1) 31. (1) 32. (80) 33. (1) 34. [] (1) 35. (1) 36. (5) 37. (18) 38. (5) 39. (1) 40. [] (1) 41. (1) 42. (1) 43. (97) 44. (2) 45. (1) 46. (4) 47. (2) 48. (9) 49. (3) 50. (1) 51. (12) 52. (10) 53. (1) 54. (1) 55. (1) 56. (1) 57. (1) 58. (1) 59. (1) 60. (4) 61. (4) 62. (1) 63. (6) 64. (5) 65. (1) 66. (1) 67. (1) 68. (10) 69. (1) 70. (3) 71. (1) 72. (2) 73. (1) 74. (7) 75. (1) 76. (1) 77. (5) 78. (16) 79. (19) 80. (1) 81. (4) 82. (3) 83. (1) 84. (7) 85. (1) 86. (16) 87. (18) 88. (3) 89. (1) 90. (4) 91. (1) 92. (29) 93. (14) 94. (1) 95. (58) 96. (3)
Page SA6:78 97. (1) 98. (1) 99. (10) 100. (11) 101. (124) 102. (3) 103. (4) 104. (4) 105. (1) 106. (1) 107. (1) 108. (1) 109. (5) 110. (14) 111. (2) 112. (1) 113. (11) 114. (2) 115. (1) 116. (1) 117. (5) 118. (3) 119. (3) 120. (2) 121. (3) 122. (1) 123. (8) 124. (1) 125. (3) 126. (12) 127. (14) 128. (5) 129. (6) 130. (32) 131. (2) 132. (3) 133. (3) 134. (2) 135. (3) 136. (120) 137. (11) 138. (1316) 139. (2) 140. (13) 141. (17) 142. (7) 143. (1) 144. (62) 145. (18) 146. (1) 147. (4) 148. (2) 149. (42) 150. (7) 151. (2) 152. (5) 153. (3) 154. (2) 155. (2) 156. (3) 157. (17) 158. (7) 159. (85) 160. (12)
Page SA6:79 161. (6) 162. (4) 163. (2) 164. (13) 165. (66) 166. (1) 167. (4) 168. (1) 169. (1) 170. (4) 171. (1) 172. (4) 173. (5) 174. (1) 175. (2) 176. (9) 177. (11) 178. (3) 179. (9) 180. (15) 181. (11) 182. (2) 183. (10) 184. (7) 185. (6) 186. (5) 187. (1) 188. (18) 189. (2) 190. (8) 191. (1) 192. (185) 193. (1) 194. (6) 195. (11) 196. (3) 197. (2) 198. (2) 199. (1) 200. (3) 201. (6) 202. (1) 203. (714) 204. (3) 205. (15) 206. (141) 207. (2) 208. (5) 209. (1) 210. (2) 211. (2) 212. (1) 213. (58) 214. (12) 215. (1) 216. (2) 217. (329) 218. (2) 219. (2) 220. (2) 221. (6) 222. (14) 223. (6) 224., [] (5) 225. (3) 226. (1) 227. (8) 228. (1) 229. (3) 230. (2) 231. (2) 232. (1) 233. (1)
Page SA6:80 234. (1) 235. (2) 236. (29) 237. (3) 238. (3) 239. (3) 240. (1) 241. (6) 242. (3) 243. (1) 244. (5) 245. (4) 246. (1) 247. (13) 248. (45) 249. (1) 250. (1) 251. (11) 252. (1) 253. (1) 254. (5) 255. (1) 256. (3) 257. (193) 258., [] (1) 259. (7) 260. (16) 261. (1) 262. (1) 263. (5) 264. (2) 265. (2) 266. (1) 267. (10) 268. (113) 269. (5) 270. (34) 271. (4) 272. (1) 273. (1) 274. (5) 275. (2) 276. (2) 277. (5) 278. (3) 279. (10) 280. (271) 281. (1) 282. (100) 283. (175) 284. (2) 285. (3) 286. (3) 287. (5) 288. (2) 289. (15) 290. (1) 291. (2) 292. (1) 293. (1) 294. (158) 295. (21) 296. (1) 297. (155) 298. (6) 299. (55) 300. (3) 301. (14) 302. (18) 303. (4)
Page SA6:81 304. (3) 305. (2) 306. (2) 307. (2) 308. (1) 309. (10) 310. (17) 311. (1) 312. (1) 313. (4) 314. (1) 315. (4) 316. (6) 317. (1) 318. (12) 319. (2) 320. (2) 321. (2) 322. (1) 323. (1) 324. (14) 325. (4) 326. (1) 327. (1) 328. (15) 329. [] (1) 330. (14) 331. (1) 332. (1) 333. (1) 334. (1) 335. (4) 336. (14) 337. (1) 338. (1) 339. (5) 340. (1) 341. (2) 342. (3) 343. (6) 344. (27) 345. (2) 346. (7) 347. (18) 348. (1) 349. (1) 350. (10) 351. (1) 352. (4) 353. (4) 354. (1) 355. (1) 356. (3) 357. (4) 358. (10) 359. (2) 360. (13) 361. (1) 362. (1) 363. (1) 364. (1) 365. (2) 366. (4) 367. (7) 368. (1) 369. (2) 370. (1) 371. (1) 372. (24) 373. (1)
Page SA6:82 374. (2) 375. (13) 376. (1) 377. (2) 378. (94) 379. (4) 380. (7) 381. (2) 382. (5) 383. (13) 384. (3) 385. (1) 386. (15) 387. (1) 388. (1) 389. (5) 390. (1) 391. (2) 392. (5) 393. (379) 394. (2) 395. (2) 396. (6) 397. (1) 398. (2) 399. (2) 400. (1) 401. (97) 402. (2) 403. (13) 404. (2) 405. (9) 406. (1) 407. (1) 408. (4) 409. (36) 410. (1) 411. (1) 412. (47) 413. (9) 414. (5) 415. (1) 416. (4) 417. (1) 418. (2) 419. (2) 420. (1) 421. (2) 422. (5) 423. (1) 424. (1) 425. (21) 426. (12) 427. (1) 428. (15) 429. (1) 430. (3) 431. (529) 432. (54) 433. (1) 434. (1) 435. (10) 436. (1) 437. (7) 438. (2) 439. (1) 440. (1) 441. (2)
Page SA6:83 442. (1) 443. (2) The actual count of masculine nouns in the second declension will vary some between lists in reference works. Some works include alternate readings in their calculations based upon different editions of the Greek New Testament, whereas the above list does not. Variant spellings are included with their primary spelling in the above list by brackets, whereas others will include them separately. In addition, some grammars cite forms that are adjectives, but are used exclusively as substantives in NTGreek. This will increase considerably the total for second declension masculine nouns. For instance, ( co-worker ) is more properly an adjective; however, it is used exclusively as a substantive in NTGreek. Finally, some genders of common nouns are undeterminable because the lack of modifiers (such as ). Second Declension Contracted Masculine Nouns There are also two contracted second declension masculine nouns in NTGreek. One noun terminates with and the other (). The later stem is an older Attic declension. These nouns are designated with the following declension-paradigm notation, n-2d () and n-2e (). (torrent) + case ending) Cases n-2d () Singular Plural Article Noun Article Noun Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative The noun occurs once in NTGreek, John 18:1.
Page SA6:84 (Apollos) + case ending) Cases n-2e () Article Singular Noun Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Plural The proper name occurs ten times in NTGreek (Acts 18:24; 19:1; 1 Cor. 1:12; 3:4, 5, 6, 22; 4:6; 16:12; Titus 3:13).