Principles of Marine Resource Management SFS 3740

Principles of Marine Resource Management SFS 3740 Syllabus, Spring 2017 Kathy Baier-Lockhart, M.S. Resident Lecturer in Marine Resource Management The School for Field Studies (SFS) Center for Marine Resource Studies (CMRS) South Caicos, Turks & Caicos Islands www.fieldstudies.org 2017 The School for Field Studies

Course Overview Principles of Marine Resource Management is intended to introduce the various disciplines and tools required to understand and manage marine resources. This component of the academic program at the Center for Marine Resources Studies (CMRS) makes the link between Marine Ecology and Environmental Policy. Topical areas include: fisheries management, marine conservation, fisheries enforcement, marine protected areas, coastal zone management and strategies for sustainable development. Learning Objectives Following this course, students should: 1. Understand the basic concepts of resource management and be able to apply that understanding to marine resources, particularly those important to the TCI 2. Have a working knowledge of the tools available for assessing the status of marine resources 3. Understand how MPAs can serve as a valuable management tool for integrated coastal management 4. Have an appreciation for the complex integration of ecological processes, socioeconomic value, and policy issues that makes managing coastal marine resources a challenge. CMRS Research Direction During the semester, we will use two case studies to frame our analysis and discussions, each of which addresses specific local issues. An understanding of marine ecology and resource management will be critical in framing our resource policy discussions and analysis, and will help focus our research. The two case studies are: Case Study 1: What is the status of the marine resources that are currently considered important to the ecological and socioeconomic well-being of the TCI? Case Study 2: Management strategies that assist in maintaining or improving the status of the marine resources in the TCI and contribute to economic development and diversification. The focus of case study 1 is on developing an understanding of the fundamental principles of resource management, fisheries biology, stock assessment, and integrated approaches to coastal management, with special emphasis on small island states such as the Turks & Caicos Islands. In case study 2 we focus on management strategies of Coastal zones and Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). We will investigate how MPAs can aid in the conservation and enhancement of marine resources, and will examine the planning and management of two MPAs near South Caicos. Assessment Assessment Item Due date Value (%) Assignments Stock Assessment Report Mon, 20 th February 15 Conch Assessment Paper Wed, 15 th March 15 Marine Mapping Pamphlet Mon, 3 rd April 15 Zoning Exercise Presentation Thurs, 6 th April 15 Exams Case Study I Exam Tues, 14 th March 20 2

Case Study II Exam Thurs, 20 th April 20 TOTAL 100 Stock Assessment Exercise During this desktop exercise you will be conducting assessments of fisheries data to obtain hands on experience with current data analysis, using the knowledge you have gained from Excel practical and stock assessment lectures. You will be working individually on provided data and you will receive an individual grade. Conch Assessment Exercise During this field exercise, the students will work in groups to employ visual survey methods outlined during the lectures to collect data on the size & age structure of the queen conch (Lobatus gigas) population according to habitat type around South Caicos. The second objective of the field exercise is to enhance student ability to analyze data individually and produce an accurate and coherent scientific paper. Each group will produce a written report, and each member of the group will be required to write a part of the report. You will receive a group grade and an individual grade. Students will be assessed based on their ability to write a scientific report in a coherent and logical way, as well as on data management. Marine Mapping Exercise The Marine Mapping exercise is the opportunity for you to work collaboratively with your fellow students on designing a brochure/pamphlet on key marine tourist sites around South Caicos. The goal of this project is to be able to assess and document the structural design, key habitat and species of interest found at snorkel/dive sites. Many of the species of special interest can be affected by an increase in human activity, so with the increase in tourism (East Bay Resort and Sailrock Development) there is a need to determine total carrying capacity for each of these locations. Additionally, it would be of value for the visitors (tourist) to have an opportunity to proper snorkel/diving etiquette, so as to not damage the surrounding habitat and species survivability. Zoning exercise Presentation During this desktop exercise you will review the current marine spatial planning in place around South Caicos and suggest a newly designed system, based on the specific objectives of your stakeholder groups (such as Government fisheries Dept., Ecotourism Consultants, mass tourism consultants, Conservation NGO etc.). You will work in groups and will present your proposed plans as a group. You will receive both a group grade and an individual grade based on content, comprehension, and creativity. Complete details of the graded assignments will be issued in a separate document. Exams are given after each case study and are based on all aspects of the course lectures, readings, and field exercises during that case study. Grading Scheme A 95.00-100.00% B+ 86.00-89.99% C+ 76.00-79.99% D 60.00-69.99% A- 90.00-94.99% B 83.00-85.99% C 73.00-75.99% F 0.00-59.99% 3

B- 80.00-82.99% C- 70.00-72.99% General Reminders Readings: Assigned readings will be available on the student server. It is important that you read all materials before class since the volume of the material in the class requires a brisk pace. Anything contained in the readings is fair game for the exams. Plagiarism and Cheating: Using ideas and materials of others without giving due credit is cheating and will not be tolerated. A grade of zero will be assigned to anyone caught cheating or aiding another person to cheat, either actively or passively (e.g., allowing someone to look at your exam). All assignments unless specifically stated should be individual pieces of work. Appropriate use of technology: SFS has worked hard to provide internet access to all its staff and students. When computers and tablet are permitted in class. However, inappropriate use includes IM, surfing, gaming or other uses not directly involved in note taking will result in the loss of this privilege. Deadlines: Deadlines for written and oral assignments are instated for several reasons: 1. Deadlines are a part of working and academic life to which students need to become accustomed. 2. Deadlines promote equity among students. 3. Deadlines allow faculty ample time to review and return assignments before others are due. As such, deadlines are firm and extensions will only be considered under the most extreme circumstances. Late assignments will incur a 10% penalty for every day that they are late. No assignments will be accepted after three days late. Assignments will be handed back to students after a one-week grading period. Emailing assignments: 1. Word and/or Excel documents should be saved and emailed as.doc,.docx or xls. files, and must be PC compatible. 2. The subject of your email should be the same. 3. Word documents and excel documents for all individual assignments, exams, reports should be saved as: FirstName_LastName_Assignment E.g. John_Smith_Literature Review Group assignments should be named Group#_Assignment E.g. Group1_DataAnalysis Participation - Participation in all components of the program is mandatory, as there will be no spare time to catch up on any missed classes. Missing even one lecture or discussion can significantly affect the experience you and your classmates have while at CMRS. Within our teaching environment, there is no reason to miss classes. You will get as much out of this course as you put into it, so please dive in. In all circumstances, we expect you to respect yourself and your fellow students. 4

Lectures, Activities, Readings, and Exams Type- L: Lecture, FL: Field Lecture, FEX: Field Exercise, DEX: Desk Exercise, P: Student Presentation, W: Workshop, D: Discussion, GL: Guest Lecture, E: Exam Code Topics Required Readings RM.01 Introduction to Resource Management Defining resource management Decision making and management tools Marine resources of the TCI RM.02 RM.03 RM.04 (W, 1.0 hr) RM.05 History to Exploit Marine Resources The History of Fishing & mankind s association with the sea Artisanal & Industrial fishing techniques Fishing techniques of the TCI Habitat impacts Excel Basics Briefing Navigation of spreadsheets Data handling & Basic formulae Charts & Pivot tables Excel Basic Practical Example data manipulation Populations & Stocks What are fisheries stocks and populations? Absolute & Relative abundance Stratified sampling Popov, D. (1990) Fishing South Caicos style. Times of the islands. P25-29 Lockhart et al. (2007) Fisheries of the Turks and Caicos Islands: Status and Threats. GCFI 58: 67-72. Waldman JR. 2004. Definition of Stocks: An Evolving Concept. In Stock Identification Methods: Applications in Fishery Science Cadrin SX, Friedland KD, Waldman JR (Eds). 1 6. King, M. (1995). Fisheries Biology Assessment and Techniques. Chapter 4 (pg. 172-189) Population Dynamics: Age RM.06 Determining age Growth patterns Population Dynamics: Growth King, M. (1995). Fisheries Biology RM.07 Growth patterns Assessment and Techniques. Chapter 4 Growth models (pg. 189-211) RM.08 TCI Conch Fishery Fisheries regulations in the TCI and Medley PAH, Ninnes CH (1999) A stock assessment for the Conch (Strombus other countries gigas) fishery in the Turks and Caicos Management strategies Islands. Bull Mar Sci 64(3): 399-406 TCI Lobster Fishery RM.09 Fishery regulations in TCI & other countries Management strategies RM.10 Population Dynamics: Reproduction King, M. (1995). Fisheries Biology 5

Code Topics Required Readings Reproductive effort Maturity Population Dynamics: Recruitment & Survival Recruitment curves RM.11 Factors affecting recruitment & survival Estimating mortality RM.12 RM.13 RM.14 RM.15 (DEX, 1.0 hr) RM.16 RM.17 (DEX, 1.0 hr) RM.18 (GL, 1.0 hr) RM.19 (GL, 1.0 hr) Stock Identification Methods Morphological techniques Natural markers, applied markers and molecular techniques Individual tagging methods (acoustic, photographic) Surplus Production Stock abundance Maximum sustainable yield Overfishing Reference Limits Stock Assessment Briefing Explanation of applications used in Resource Management Stock Assessment Exercise Practical application of the techniques covered in RM06, RM07 & RM09 Fisheries Science Surplus Production Dilemma Discussion & debate of the concept of MSY as a management tool in the modern era Discussion of the impacts of climate change JMP Exercise A hands on introduction to the JMP Statistical Software package WHAT DEMA DOES Guest lecture of Department of Environment and Coastal Resources activities in the local Fisheries Science Enforcement in the TCI (Guest presentation) A day in the life of an fisheries Assessment and Techniques. Chapter 4 (pg 211-219). King, M. (1995). Fisheries Biology Assessment and Techniques. Chapter 4 (pg. 219-234). Kough, A. et al. (2013) Larval Connectivity and the International management of fisheries. PLoS ONE 8(6): e64970. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone. 0064970. Pg1-11. Begg, G. & J. Waldman. (1999). An holistic approach to fish stock identification. Fisheries Research. 43: 35-44. Hammer, C. and Zimmermann, C. (2005) The Role of Stock Identification in Formulating Fishery Management Advice. CSI. Chapter 30 (pg. 631-658). King, M. (1995). Fisheries Biology Assessment and Techniques. Chapter 5 (pg 239-246) and Chapter 6 (pg. 273-284) Chapter 1 (pg 5-6). Barber WE. 1988. Maximum Sustainable Yield lives on. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 8: 153 157. Christensen, V. (2010). MEY=MSY. Fish & Fisheries. 11:105-110. Roberts CM. 2007. Barbequed Jellyfish or Swordfish Steak? Gaia; 1 19. 6

Code Topics Required Readings enforcement officer Enforcement Field Exercise Students participate as Conservation RM.20 Officers of DEMA, TCI Government to (FEX, 1.0 hr) enforce local regulations RM.21 RM.22 (FEX, 1.5 hr) RM.23 RM.24 (FEX, 1.0 hr) RM.25 (FEX, 10.0 hr) RM.26 (DEX, 4.0 hr) RM.27 RM.28 Invasive Species Sources of biotic pollution for the Caribbean region Ecosystem threats Strategies to manage invasive species Invasive Species Exercise Survey of lionfish abundance in different habitats around South Caicos Introduction to Conch Field Exercise Introduction to the methods used to estimate conch abundance Collection and analysis of conch abundance data from South Caicos waters Interpretation and presentation of abundance data with regard to MPA effectiveness Conch Field Exercise dry-run through In-water run through of survey skills necessary to collect and record accurate data during the conch field exercise Conch Field Exercise Practical of data collection in water of Protected Area verse Nonprotected area (EHCLR) Conch Exercise Write Up Student data analysis Student write up of results Resource Management Case Study Review Review of important points made throughout lectures that are relevant to Case Study Exam RESOURCE MANAGEMENT EXAM CS1 Thresher R. & Kuris A. (2004) Options for Managing Invasive Marine Species Biological Invasion 6 :295-300. Dawson, J. et al. (2014) Prioritizing islands for the eradication of invasive vertebrates in the United Kingdom overseas territories. Conservation Biology. 29(1): 143-153. 7

Code Topics Required Readings (E, 1.0 hr) Resource Management Exam I Debriefing RM.29 RM.30 (FEX, 3.0 hr) RM.31 RM.32 RM.33 RM.34 RM.35 RM.36 RM.37 (DEX, 2.0 hr) Marine Mapping Briefing/ FEX Designing and creation of a brochure for a marine map of a snorkel or dive site that can be used for the tourist industry. Introduction to MPAs Defining MPAs The emerging MPA paradigm as a tool for coastal resource management MPA Planning & Management Selection criteria for MPAs MPA planning and management options Data, surveillance and enforcement requirements for MPAs Regulations pertaining to park use MPA Monitoring Baseline survey methods Determining the success of MPAs Aquaculture General concepts of aquaculture Effects of aquaculture on ecological parameters Coastal & Marine Zoning Integrated Coastal Zone Management Maintaining and improving the status of marine resources Marine Spatial Planning Putting MPA planning and management into practice LME-Large Marine Ecosystem Management Moving beyond the population-level approach of resource management Zoning Exercise Students work on designing plans for management of marine resources in TCI Gell FR, Roberts CM. 2003. Benefits beyond boundaries: the fishery effects of marine reserves. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 18. Edgar, G. et al. (2014) Global conservation outcomes depend on marine protected areas with five key features. Nature. 506: 216-220. Roberts C. et al (2003) Applications of Ecological Criteria in Selecting Marine Reserves and Developing Reserve Networks. Ecological Application 13(1): 215-228. Alvarez-Lajonchere, L. and Ibarra-Castro, L. (2013) Aquaculture species selection method applied to marine fish in the Caribbean. Aquaculture. 408-409: 20-29. David G. et al. (2010) Integrated Coastal Zone Management Perspectives to Ensure the Sustainability of Coral Reefs in New Caledonia. 61:323-334. Sherman, K. and Duda, A. M. (1999) Large marine ecosystems: an emerging paradign for fishery sustainability. Fisheries 2(12): 15-26. 8

Code Topics Required Readings to reflect their stakeholders groups Pollution Management Underlying causes of pollution Ivar do sul, J. and Costa, M. (2014) The present and future of microplastic Concepts, principles and strategies to pollution in the marine environment. manage pollution Environmental Pollution. 185:352-364. RM.38 International and regional agreements to assist in marine pollution management RM.39 RM.40 (P, 2.0 hr) RM.41 RM.42 (E, 1.0 hr) RM.43 Artificial Habitats & Restoration Application for artificial habitats Ecological parameters that should be considered when using artificial habitats Zoning Exercise Presentations Students present new plans for management of marine resources in TCI based on their stakeholders groups Resource Management Case Study 2 Review Review of important points made throughout lectures that are relevant to Case Study Exam CASE STUDY 2 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FINAL EXAM Resource Management Exam II Debriefing Garcia-Gomez, J. et al. (2014) Artificial marine micro-reserves networks (AMMRNs): an innovative approach to conserve marine littoral biodiversity and protect endangered species. Marine Ecology. 1-19. 60.5 TOTAL CONTACT HOURS 9