Objective 1: Develop language through listening and speaking. Standard 1 (Oral Language): Students develop language for the purpose of effectively communicating through listening, speaking, viewing, and presenting. a. Identify specific purpose(s) for listening (e.g., to gain information, to be entertained). b. Listen and demonstrate understanding by responding appropriately (e.g., follow multiplestep directions, restate, clarify, question, summarize, elaborate formulating an opinion with supporting evidence, interpret verbal and nonverbal messages, note purpose and perspective, identify tone, mood, emotion). SE: Speaking and Listening Skills, 453; Listening Effectively, 457; Listening Critically, 458; Viewing Information Media Critically, 462-463 SE: Speaking and Listening Skills, 453; Using Informal Speaking Skills, 453-454; Using Formal Speaking Skills, 455-456; Listening Effectively, 457; Listening Critically, 458; Developing a Multimedia Presentation, 468; Creating a Video, 469; Performing and Interpreting, 470-471; Persuasive Speech, 81; Interview, 144 c. Speak clearly and audibly with expression in communicating ideas (i.e., effective rate, volume, pitch, tone, phrasing, tempo). SE: Speaking and Listening Skills, 453; Using Informal Speaking Skills, 453-454; Using Formal Speaking Skills, 455-456; Listening Effectively, 457; Listening Critically, 458; Developing a Multimedia Presentation, 468; Creating a Video, 469; Performing and Interpreting, 470-471; Persuasive Speech, 81 d. Speak using complex sentences with appropriate subject-verb agreement, correct verb tense, and syntax. SE: Speaking and Listening Skills, 453; Using Informal Speaking Skills, 453-454; Using Formal Speaking Skills, 455-456; Listening Effectively, 457; Listening Critically, 458; Developing a Multimedia Presentation, 468; Creating a Video, 469; Performing and Interpreting, 470-471; Persuasive Speech, 81 Objective 2: Develop language through viewing media and presenting. a. Identify specific purpose(s) for viewing media SE: Viewing Information Media Critically, 462-463; (i.e., to identify main idea and details, to gain Viewing Fine Art Critically, 464; Interpreting Maps, information, distinguish between fiction/nonfiction, Graphs, and Photographs, 459-461; Topic Bank: distinguish between fact/opinion, form an opinion, Responding to Fine Art, 35, 49, 65, 83, 101, 115, determine presentation s accuracy/bias, analyze 129, 145, 159, 176 and critique persuasive techniques). 1
b. Use a variety of formats in presenting with various forms of media (e.g., pictures, posters, charts, ads, newspapers, graphs, videos, slide shows). SE: Using Graphic Organizers, 499-500; Creating Graphic Organizers, 465-466; Developing a Multimedia Presentation, 468; Creating a Video, 469. All lessons include Graphic Organizers. For example see pages 36, 54, 88, and 128. Standard 2 (Concepts of Print): Students develop an understanding of how printed language works. (See kindergarten and first grade.) Standard 3 (Phonological and Phonemic Awareness): Students develop phonological and phonemic awareness. (See kindergarten and first grade.) Standard 4 (Phonics and Spelling): Students use phonics and other strategies to decode and spell unfamiliar words while reading and writing. Objective 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between letters and sounds. (See kindergarten, first, and second grade.) SE: Opportunities to address this objective may be found on the following pages: Vocabulary and Spelling, 472; Developing Vocabulary, 473-476; Studying Words Systematically, 477-479; Studying Word Parts and Origins, 480-483 Objective 2: Use knowledge of structure analysis to decode words. (See kindergarten, first, and second grade.) SE: Opportunities to address this objective may be found on the following pages: Vocabulary and Spelling, 472; Developing Vocabulary, 473-476; Studying Words Systematically, 477-479; Studying Word Parts and Origins, 480-483 Objective 3: Spell words correctly. a. Use knowledge of word families, patterns, syllabication, and common letter combinations to spell new words. Origins, 480-483; Revising: Word Choice, 12, 43, 57, 73, 92, 109, 123, 138, 153, 170, 182 b. Use knowledge of Greek and Latin roots and affixes to spell multisyllable words. c. Spell an increasing number of high-frequency and irregular words correctly (e.g., straight, soldier, property, particular). SE: Prefixes, 481, 487; Suffixes, 223, 230, 384, 385, 386, 387, 482; Root Words, 480, 547 Origins, 480-483; Dictionary, 522-525; Using Other Reference Sources, 526-527; Revising: Word Choice, 12, 43, 57, 73, 92, 109, 123, 138, 153, 170, 182 2
d. Learn the spellings of irregular and difficult words (e.g., feudalism, electricity, parallelogram, microorganism). Origins, 480-483; Dictionary, 522-525; Using Other Reference Sources, 526-527; Revising: Word Choice, 12, 43, 57, 73, 92, 109, 123, 138, 153, 170, 182 3
Objective 4: Use spelling strategies to achieve accuracy (e.g., prediction, visualization, association). a. Use knowledge about spelling to predict the spelling of new words. Origins, 480-483; Revising: Word Choice, 12, 43, 57, 73, 92, 109, 123, 138, 153, 170, 182 b. Visualize words while writing. SE: Drafting, 38, 52, 68, 86, 104, 118, 132, 148, 164, 179; Revising: Word Choice, 12, 43, 57, 73, 92, 109, 123, 138, 153, 170, 182; Vocabulary and Spelling, 472; Developing Vocabulary, 473-476; Studying Words Systematically, 477-479; Studying Word Parts and Origins, 480-483 c. Associate spelling of new words with that of known words and word patterns. Origins, 480-483; Revising: Word Choice, 12, 43, 57, 73, 92, 109, 123, 138, 153, 170, 182 d. Use spelling generalities to assist spelling of new words. Origins, 480-483; Revising: Word Choice, 12, 43, 57, 73, 92, 109, 123, 138, 153, 170, 182 Standard 5 (Fluency): Students develop reading fluency to read aloud grade level text effortlessly without hesitation. Objective 1: Read aloud grade level text with appropriate speed and accuracy. a. Read grade level text at a rate of approximately 120-150 wpm. Varied Sources, 512-513 b. Read grade level text with an accuracy rate of 95-100%. Varied Sources, 512-513 Objective 2: Read aloud grade level text effortlessly with clarity. a. Read grade level text in meaningful phrases using intonation, expression, and punctuation cues. SE: Reading Aloud, 473; Reading Skills: Reading Methods and Tools, 495-500; Reading Nonfiction Critically, 501-506; Reading Literary Writing, 507-511; Reading from Varied Sources, 512-513. See also: Performing and Interpreting, 470-471 4
b. Read grade level words with automaticity. SE: Reading Aloud, 473; Reading Skills: Reading Methods and Tools, 495-500; Reading Nonfiction Critically, 501-506; Reading Literary Writing, 507-511; Reading from Varied Sources, 512-513. Standard 6 (Vocabulary): Students learn and use grade level vocabulary to increase understanding and read fluently. Objective 1: Learn new words through listening and reading widely. a. Use new vocabulary learned by listening, reading, and discussing a variety of genres. Origins, 480-483; Dictionary, 522-525; Using Other Reference Sources, 526-527; Revising: Word Choice, 12, 43, 57, 73, 92, 109, 123, 138, 153, 170, 182; Reading Aloud, 473; Reading Skills: Reading Methods and Tools, 495-500; Reading Nonfiction Critically, 501-506; Reading Literary Writing, 507-511; Reading from Varied Sources, 512-513. b. Learn the meaning and properly use a variety of grade level words (e.g., words from literature, social studies, science, math). Origins, 480-483; Dictionary, 522-525; Using Other Reference Sources, 526-527; Revising: Word Choice, 12, 43, 57, 73, 92, 109, 123, 138, 153, 170, 182. Reading Skills: Reading Methods and Tools, 495-500; Reading Nonfiction Critically, 501-506; Reading Literary Writing, 507-511; Reading from Varied Sources, 512-513 Objective 2: Use resources to learn new words by relating them to known words and/or concepts. a. Use multiple resources to determine the meanings of unknown words (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses). Origins, 480-483; Dictionary, 522-525; Using Other Reference Sources, 526-527; Revising: Word Choice, 12, 43, 57, 73, 92, 109, 123, 138, 153, 170, 182 b. Determine gradients of meanings between related words and concepts (e.g., colonization: exploration, migrate, settlement). SE: Developing Vocabulary, 473-476; Studying Words Systematically, 477-479; Studying Word Parts and Origins, 480-483; Dictionary, 522-525; Using Other Reference Sources, 526-527 Objective 3: Use structural analysis and context clues to determine meanings of words. 5
a. Identify meanings of words using roots and affixes (i.e., Greek/Latin affixes). b. Use words, sentences, and paragraphs as context clues to determine meanings of unknown key words, similes, metaphors, idioms, proverbs, clichés, and literary expressions. c. Use context to determine meanings of synonyms, antonyms, homonyms (e.g., through/threw, principal, principle) and multiplemeaning words (e.g., print). SE: Prefixes, 481, 487; Suffixes, 223, 230, 384, 385, 386, 387, 482; Root Words, 480, 547 SE: Using Context Clues, 474-475; Dictionary, 522-525 SE: Using Context Clues, 474-475; Dictionary, 522-525 Standard 7 (Comprehension): Students understand, interpret, and analyze narrative and informational grade level text. Objective 1: Identify purposes of text. a. Identify purpose for reading. b. Identify author s purpose. Varied Sources, 512-513. Varied Sources, 512-513 Objective 2: Apply strategies to comprehend text. a. Relate prior knowledge to make connections to text (e.g., text to text, text to self, text to world). Varied Sources, 512-513 b. Generate questions about text (e.g., factual, inferential, evaluative). SE: Topic Bank: Responding to Literature, 35, 49, 65, 83, 101, 115, 129, 145, 159, 176; Response to Literature, 156-173; Reading Skills: Reading Methods and Tools, 495-500; Reading Nonfiction Critically, 501-506; Reading Literary Writing, 507-511; Reading from Varied Sources, 512-513 c. Form mental pictures to aid understanding of text. SE: Images and Imagery, 85, 463; Topic Bank: Responding to Literature, 35, 49, 65, 83, 101, 115, 129, 145, 159, 176; Response to Literature, 156-173; Reading Skills: Reading Methods and Tools, 495-500; Reading Literary Writing, 507-511 6
d. Make and confirm or revise predictions while SE: Predicting Outcomes, 507, 508, 511; Reading reading using title, picture clues, text, and/or prior Skills: Reading Methods and Tools, 495-500 knowledge. e. Make inferences and draw conclusions from text. f. Identify theme/topic/main idea from text; note details. SE: Draw Conclusions, 504; Reading Skills: Reading Methods and Tools, 495-500 SE: Main Ideas, 11, 21-23, 181; Theme, 163; Main Points, 456, 457. Student Work in Progress, pp. 95-97; See also: Reading Skills: Reading Methods and Tools, 495-500; Reading Nonfiction Critically, 501-506; Reading Literary Writing, 507-511; Reading from Varied Sources, 512-513; Response to Literature, 156-173 g. Summarize important ideas/events; summarize supporting details in sequence. h. Monitor and clarify understanding applying fixup strategies while interacting with text. SE: Summaries, 123, 147, 163, 179, 456, 457, 495, 508, 538; Reading Methods and Tools, 495-500; Reading Nonfiction Critically, 501-506; Reading from Varied Sources, 512-513 Varied Sources, 512-513; Topic Bank: Responding to Literature, 35, 49, 65, 83, 101, 115, 129, 145, 159, 176 i. Compile, organize, and interpret information from text. SE: Research Report, 142 155; Response to Literature, 156 173; Writing for Assessment, 174 185; Reading Skills: Reading Methods and Tools, Varied Sources, 512-513; Reference Skills, 518-528; Internet Research Handbook, 541-543 Objective 3: Recognize and use features of narrative and informational text. a. Identify characters, setting, sequence of events, problem/resolution, theme. SE: Characters, 507, 508; Plot, 82, 96; Setting, 507, 508; Theme, 163; Reading Skills: Reading Methods and Tools, 495-500; Reading Literary Writing, 507-511; Response to Literature, 156 173 7
b. Compare and contrast elements of different genres: fairy tales, poems, realistic fiction, fantasy, fables, folk tales, tall tales, biographies, historical fiction, science fiction, myths, legends. Reading from Varied Sources, 512-513; Topic Bank: Responding to Literature, 35, 49, 65, 83, 101, 115, 129, 145, 159, 176; Response to Literature, 156 173; Comparison-and Contrast Essay, 98 111 c. Identify information from text, headings, subheadings, diagrams, charts, captions, graphs, table of contents, index, and glossary. d. Identify different structures in text (e.g., description, problem/solution, compare/contrast, cause/effect, order of importance, time, geographic classification). e. Locate facts from a variety of informational texts (e.g., newspapers, magazines, textbooks, biographies, Internet, other resources). SE: Using Features in Textbooks, 496; Using Graphic Organizers, 499-500; Viewing and Representing Skills: Interpreting Maps, Graphs, and Photographs, 459-461 SE: Description, 98 123; Persuasive Essay, 80 97; Comparison-and Contrast Essay, 98 111; Cause-and-Effect Essay, 112 125; How-to Essay, 126 141; Reading Nonfiction Critically, 501-506 Reading from Varied Sources, 512-513; Reference Skills, 518-528; Internet Research Handbook, 541-543; : Research Report, 142-155; Response to Literature, 156-173; Writing for Assessment, 174-185 Standard 8 (Writing): Students write daily to communicate effectively for a variety of purposes and audiences. Objective 1: Prepare to write by gathering and organizing information and ideas (pre-writing). a. Generate ideas for writing by reading, SE: Prewriting, 5, 6, 7, 9, 17, 19, 34, 35, 36, 37, discussing, researching, and reflecting on personal 48, 49, 50, 51, 64, 65, 66, 67, 82, 83, 84, 85, experiences. 100, 101, 102, 103, 114, 115, 116, 117, 128, 129, 130, 131, 144, 145, 146, 147, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 176, 177, 178; Topic Bank, 35, 49, 65, 83, 101, 115, 129, 145, 159, 176 b. Select and narrow a topic from generated ideas. SE: Choosing Your Topic, 6-9, 34, 48, 64, 82, 100, 114, 128, 144, 158, 176 c. Identify audience, purpose, and form for writing. SE: Prewriting: Considering Your Audience and Purpose, 37, 51, 66, 84, 103, 117, 130, 147, 161; Choosing Your Topic, 6-9, 34, 48, 64, 82, 100, 114, 128, 144, 158, 176 8
d. Use a variety of graphic organizers to organize information from multiple sources. SE: Prewriting, 5, 6, 7, 9, 17, 19, 34, 35, 36, 37, 48, 49, 50, 51, 64, 65, 66, 67, 82, 83, 84, 85, 100, 101, 102, 103, 114, 115, 116, 117, 128, 129, 130, 131, 144, 145, 146, 147, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 176, 177, 178; Using Graphic Organizers, 499-500; Creating Graphic Organizers, 465-466 Objective 2: Compose a written draft. a. Draft ideas on paper in an organized manner utilizing words, sentences, and multiple paragraphs (e.g., beginning, middle, end; main idea; details; characterization; setting; plot). b. Use voice to fit the purpose and audience. SE: Drafting: Shaping Your Writing, 38, 52, 68, 86, 104, 118, 132, 148, 164, 179; Providing Elaboration, 39, 53, 69, 87, 105, 119, 133, 149, 165, 180 SE: Drafting: Shaping Your Writing, 38, 52, 68, 86, 104, 118, 132, 148, 164, 179; Providing Elaboration, 39, 53, 69, 87, 105, 119, 133, 149, 165, 180. See also: Considering Your Audience and Purpose, 37, 51, 66, 84, 103, 117, 130, 147, 161 c. Use strong verbs and precise and vivid language SE: Drafting: Shaping Your Writing, 38, 52, 68, to convey meaning. 86, 104, 118, 132, 148, 164, 179; Providing Elaboration, 39, 53, 69, 87, 105, 119, 133, 149, 165, 180. See also: Verbs, 204 205; Action Verbs and Linking Verbs, 206 211; Helping Verbs, 212 215 d. Identify and use effective leads and strong endings. SE: Clarity in Conclusions, 86; Conclusion for Compositions, 27; Conclusions in Drafts, 164; Drafting, 38-39, 52-53, 68-69, 86-87, 104-105, 118-119, 132-133, 148-149, 164-165, 179-180 Objective 3: Revise by elaborating and clarifying a written draft. a. Revise draft to add details, strengthen word choice, clarify main idea, and reorder content. SE: Revising, 11 13, 40 43, 54 58, 61, 70 74, 88 92, 106 109, 120 123, 134 138, 150 153, 166 170, 181 182, 185 b. Enhance fluency by using transitional words, phrases to connect ideas, and a variety of complete sentences and paragraphs to build ideas (e.g., varied sentence length, simple and compound sentences). c. Revise writing, considering the suggestions from others. Objective 4: Edit written draft for conventions. SE: Transitions, 28 29, 56, 182; Revising, 11 13, 40 43, 54 58, 61, 70 74, 88 92, 106 109, 120 123, 134 138, 150 153, 166 170, 181 182, 185 SE: Peer Review, 13, 43, 58, 74, 92, 109, 123, 138, 153, 170 9
a. Edit writing for correct capitalization and punctuation (i.e., introductory and dependent clauses, dialogue, singular and plural possessives). b. Edit for spelling of grade level-appropriate words. c. Edit for standard grammar (e.g., subject-verb agreement, verb tense, irregular verbs). SE: Punctuation, 396-435; Capitalization, 436 449. See also all Editing & Proofreading pages 5, 14, 44, 59, 61, 75, 93, 110, 124, 139, 154, 171, 173, and 183 SE: Vocabulary and Spelling, 472-493. See also all Editing & Proofreading pages 14, 44, 59, 61, 75, 93, 110, 124, 139, 154, 171, 173, and 183. SE: Nouns and Pronouns, 188-203; Verbs, 204-215; Adjectives and Adverbs, 216-233; Prepositions, 234-241; Conjunctions and Interjections, 242-251; Phrases and Clauses, 284-301; Using Verbs, 336-359; Using Pronouns, 360-367; Making Words Agree, 368-381; Using Modifiers, 382-391. See also all Editing & Proofreading pages 14, 44, 59, 61, 75, 93, 110, 124, 139, 154, 171, 173, and 183 d. Edit for appropriate formatting features (e.g., margins, indentations, titles, headings). Preparing Manuscript, 536-540 Objective 5: Use fluent and legible handwriting to communicate. a. Write using upper- and lower-case cursive letters using proper from, proportions, and spacing. SE: Editing and Proofreading, 14, 44, 59, 61, 75, 93, 110, 124, 139, 154, 171, 173, and 183; Creating Graphic Organizers, 465-466; Formatting to Create an Effect, 467; Styles for Business and Friendly Letters, 534-535; Citing Sources and SE: Penmanship Reference, 536; Publishing and Presenting, 15, 45, 60, 61, 76, 94, 111, 125, 140, 155, 172, 173, 184, 185; Citing Sources and Preparing Manuscript, 536-530 b. Increase fluency with cursive handwriting. c. Produce legible documents with manuscript or cursive handwriting. SE: Penmanship Reference, 536; Publishing and Presenting, 15, 45, 60, 61, 76, 94, 111, 125, 140, 155, 172, 173, 184, 185; Citing Sources and Preparing Manuscript, 536-530 SE: Publishing and Presenting, 15, 45, 60, 61, 76, 94, 111, 125, 140, 155, 172, 173, 184, 185; Styles for Business and Friendly Letters, 534-534; Citing Sources and Preparing Manuscript, 536-530 Objective 6: Write in different forms and genres. 10
a. Produce personal writing (e.g., journals, personal experiences, eyewitness accounts, memoirs, literature responses). SE: The Writer in You, 2 3; Writing Style, 30-31; Build Your Portfolio, 415, 45, 60, 61, 76, 94, 111, 125, 140, 155, 172, 173, 184, 185; Topic Bank, 35, 49, 65, 83, 101, 115, 129, 145, 159, 176; Autobiographical Writing, 32-44 b. Produce traditional and imaginative stories, narrative and formula poetry. c. Produce informational text (e.g., book reports, cause/effect reports, compare/contrast essays, observational/research reports, content area reports, biographies, historical fiction, summaries). d. Produce writing to persuade (e.g., essays, editorials, speeches, TV scripts, responses to various media). e. Produce functional texts (e.g., newspaper and newsletters articles, e-mails, simple PowerPoint presentations, memos, agendas, bulletins, web pages). f. Share writing with others incorporating relevant illustrations, photos, charts, diagrams, and/or graphs to add meaning. g. Publish 6-8 individual products. SE: Autobiographical Writing, 32-44; Short Story, 46-60; Drama, 60 SE: A Walk Through the Writing Process, 4-15; Description, 62 79; Persuasive Essay, 80 97; Comparison-and Contrast Essay, 98 111; Causeand-Effect Essay, 112 125; How-to Essay, 126 141; Research Report, 142-155; Response to Literature, 156-173; Writing for Assessment, 174-185 SE: Persuasive Essay, 80 97 SE: Letters, 81, 157, 172, 410 411, 534 535 SE: Publishing and Presenting, 15, 45, 60, 61, 76, 94, 111, 125, 140, 155, 172, 173, 184, 185; Creating Graphic Organizers, 465-466; Formatting to Create an Effect, 467; Developing a Multimedia Presentation, 468 SE: Publishing and Presenting, 15, 45, 60, 61, 76, 94, 111, 125, 140, 155, 172, 173, 184, 185; Styles for Business and Friendly Letters, 534-534; Citing Sources and Preparing Manuscript, 536-530 11