To appear in the Proceedings of the 35th Meetings of the Chicago Linguistics Society. Post-vocalic spirantization: Typology and phonetic motivations

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "To appear in the Proceedings of the 35th Meetings of the Chicago Linguistics Society. Post-vocalic spirantization: Typology and phonetic motivations"

Transcription

1 Post-vocalic spirantization: Typology and phonetic motivations Alan C-L Yu University of California, Berkeley 0. Introduction Spirantization involves a stop consonant becoming a weak fricative (e.g., B, D, Ä) or an approximant (e.g., w, l). As frequently noted by phonologists (e.g. Bauer 1988, Foley 1977, Hyman 1975), non-vowel height conditioned spirantization exhibits an asymmetry in that it is most commonly found in post-vocalic contexts but rarely in syllable-initial position. It should be noted that the term postvocalic is intended as a cover term for environments such as preconsonantal and intervocalic positions. Vowel height conditioned spirantization (e.g., ti > tsi > si), specifically, will not be discussed here. Historical (1) and synchronic (2) examples can be found in languages as diverse as Italian, an Indo-European language, and Salar, a Turkic language. (1) Sanskrit mata > Mid. Indo-Aryan [maja] pacified Latin faba > Italian [fava] bean Old Turkic adaq > Salar [ajax] foot (2) Tiberian Hebrew /gaùdlu/ [gaùdlu ] be great 3 perf. /yigdaùluù/ [yiäda ùluù] be great 3mp impf. Despite the naturalness of this phonological process, as suggested by the relative frequency of post-vocalic spirantization found in the world s languages, the actual physical mechanism of such a change, that is, the change in the manner of articulation of a segment, is by no means clear (cf. Bauer 1988). The purpose of this paper is to provide a preliminary examination of this post-vocalic spirantization process. The result of a typological study of more than 200 languages is presented in section 1, showing the various realizations of postvocalic spirantization in the world s languages. By so doing, the generalizations of post-vocalic spirantization are clearly laid out. Following that, I will present a theory on the phonetic origin of post-vocalic spirantization in section 2. To support the theory, some phonetic evidence drawn from research in both the motor and perceptual domains is given. 1. Typology 1.1. Sources This typological study draws from two main sources: The Stanford Handbook of Phonological Data (Crothers et al. 1979) which is a survey of 197 grammars of languages representative of the major language families of the world, and a list of 272 lenition patterns found in Robert Kirchner s 1998 UCLA dissertation. These lenition patterns, in turn, come from Lavoie s 1996 survey of 165 languages and Kirchner s own survey of grammars. Kirchner s list is a collection of general

2 lenition patterns such as intervocalic voicing and pre-vocalic spirantization, in addition to a collection of post-vocalic spirantization patterns. Only the postvocalic spirantization patterns are included in the final list of patterns for the present study Methodology The collection of post-vocalic spirantization is first arranged into three different categories according to the environment(s) in which the spirantization applies. These categories are coda position, intervocalic position, or both simultaneously. Coda position includes patterns that only apply to word final position. Morphological boundaries are not taken into account for the purposes of this study. That is, the category for intervocalic spirantization includes contexts where the stop in question is in word final position but is preceded by a vowel and followed by a vowel initial word (e.g. V # V). The list is further arranged by the place of articulation of the stops that undergo spirantization. Three regions of place of articulation are posited: alveolar, labial and velar. The alveolar category includes the spirantization of retroflex and dental stops, in addition to the general alveopalatal ones. The category velar also includes uvular stops. In certain languages, more than one set of stops undergo spirantization. For example, both /b, g/ spirantize intervocalically to [v, Ä] in Kanuri, a Nilo-Saharan language spoken in Nigeria (Lukas 1967), while the alveolar /d/ remains a stop. In order to capture this, four additional categories have been added according to the logical combinatory possibilities among the three series of different places of articulation. These categories are collections of rules that spirantize only velar & labial, velar & alveolar, alveolar & labial, and obstruents of all three regions of place of articulation Results and generalizations The results of this survey are summarized in (3a). To illustrate more clearly, the graphic representation of (3a) is given in (3b). The statistics in (3a) are arranged by the place of articulation of the segments involved and the prosodic positions where the spirantization applies. (3a) Place Coda Intervocalic Both Total Alveolar/Retroflex Labial Velar/Uvular Velar & Alveolar Velar & Labial Labial & Alveolar All Places Total:

3 (3b) Coda Both Intervocalic Intervocalic Alveolar/Retroflex Labial Velar/Uvular Velar+Alveolar Velar+Labial Place of Articulation Labial+Alveolar All Places Coda Both Number of Patterns Found (3a, b) show that there is a significantly high occurrence of spirantization intervocalically. More than 85% of the spirantization patterns found only occur intervocalically or in both intervocalic and coda position. About 35% of spirantizations occur in coda position or in both intervocalic and coda positions, while only 20% appear in both coda and intervocalic positions. (3a, b) also show that velars and uvulars are the most common segments to undergo spirantization. In fact, about 75% of the patterns involve velar and/or uvular segments. Labials and alveolars, on the other hand, have a relatively equal amount of occurrences, 57% and 55% respectively. It is noteworthy that alveolar stops, unlike the bilabials and velars, have strong strident counterparts (e.g., s, z) but always become weak fricatives (e.g., D, T) or approximants (R, l), never stridents. This reinforces the assertion that vowel height conditioned spirantization, which typically turns aspirated stops into strident fricatives, is motivated by a different phonetic mechanism. It is important to point out that only one pattern, from the language Dahala, a Cushitic language spoken in Kenya (Tosco 1991), is found where labials and alveolars undergo spirantization but not velars. This is a significant contrast with the other two combined categories, velar/labial and velar/alveolar, which have seven and three attested patterns respectively. Facts on the behavior of the manner of articulation are also explored in this study. Nine out of seventy six intervocalic spirantization patterns have voiceless stops in the input, yet six of them spirantize and become voiced fricatives rather than voiceless fricatives. For example, in Auyana, a Trans-New Guinean language of Papua New Guinea, /p, k/ becomes [B, Ä] intervocalically, not [, X] (Crothers et al. 1979). This suggests that intervocalic voicing might also be involved.

4 With respect to the coda position, six out of thirteen languages turn voiced stops into voiceless fricatives. For example, in Uyghur, a Turkic language spoken mainly in China, /G/ becomes [X] instead of [Ò] syllable finally. As for the patterns applying in coda and intervocalic environments, eight out of thirty three patterns turn voiced stops into voiceless fricatives. This suggests that, regardless of how spirantization behaves when it applies in both intervocalic and coda position, coda devoicing might be relevant. These facts revealed by the typological study present some interesting problems to the validity of strict implicational universals and the notion of lenition in general. Foley (1977) proposes that the natural progression of spirantization begins with g, continues to d, and finally reaches b. Yet this study reveals that although velars tend to spirantize much more commonly than other stops, the generalizations about alveolar and bilabial stops do not favor Foley's implicational universals. That is, the alveolars do not spirantize any more often than the bilabials. In fact, the direction seems to be the reverse. Labial spirantization, despite the small difference, is found more often than alveolar spirantization. It is even more revealing when one looks at the facts from the combined categories according to place of articulation. More spirantization solely affecting velars and labials is found than affecting only velars and alveolars. In light of these facts, I propose avoiding strict implicational universals and instead refer only to statistically significant tendencies. The notion of lenition seems unclear in light of the facts presented above. The scenario that is most worthy of discussion is the tendency for voiced stops to spirantize and devoice in coda position (a similar discussion is also mentioned in Lavoie 1996). When voiced stops spirantize, it is generally assumed that this is a lenition process. However, when voiced fricatives devoice, by most definitions of lenition, it would be a fortition process. It is also worth pointing out that since the devoicing occurs in the exact same environment as spirantization, the process of devoicing should be classified the same way as spirantization. However, if one adhered to a strict notion such as lenition, then one would fail to capture an important and curious generalization. To this end, I suggest the adoption of Steriade's (1994) position-based approach, in which phonological processes are explained in terms of their respective phonetic environments. For a more detailed exposition of this approach, I refer the reader to Steriade 1994 & Phonetic motivations With the results of the typological study laid out above, the job of the experimental phonologist is to find out what motivates these tendencies of sound change and alternations (cf. Ohala 1982, 1993). To this end, a phonetic theory of the origin of the tendencies of post-vocalic spirantization is presented below. Supporting phonetic evidence is also presented in order to motivate the theory concretely.

5 2.1. Previous account: Beckman, De Jong, Jun, and Lee 1992 Beckman et al. (1992) present the following theory of spirantization: If the undershoot [of the articulatory gesture] results in a less perfect seal, a seal through which air can leak enough air pressure may be vented noiselessly through the leak to prevent a strong stop burst on release...[t]he listener might misinterpret the lack of a strong burst as an intentional feature of a weak non-sibilant fricative or even of an approximant. (Beckman et al. 1992: 49) Beckman et al. only present some anecdotal evidence in support of their hypothesis. For example, they cite Fant & Kruckenbery 1989 as they note that, in a database of short read texts in Swedish, there is frequent incomplete oral closure of voiced stops & nasals which become reduced to voiced continuant and nasalized vowels. Beckman et al. also find noticeable frication in productions of intervocalic /b/ and /d/ in their own data from Tokyo Japanese, particularly data of Shitamachi speakers. Unfortunately, despite the fact that this evidence suggests the articulatory origins of the spirantization, that is, the incomplete closure of the voiced stops that might give rise to an approximant percept, they nonetheless remain anecdotal. To illustrate and support this hypothesis, more phonetic evidence supporting the theory is presented below Byrd 1996 The best articulatory evidence for coda reduction is given in Byrd Byrd conducts a series of experiments using electropalatography (EPG) to study the articulatory time in English consonant sequences. She shows that stop articulation has less lingua-palatal contact in coda position than in onset position in the heterosyllabic stop-stop sequences, such as d#g & g#d. This result suggests that coda reduction is a general phenomenon, as English is not known to have any coda alternation at the phonemic level. Byrd also demonstrates that lingua-palatal contact for the velar stop is smaller and tends to be shorter in coda position than in onset position. This again suggests that the seed for the predominant tendency of velars to undergo spirantization in coda position is a result of the propensity for velars to reduce their articulatory gesture more syllable finally than initially. Byrd cites other experiments that report articulatory data, showing reduction of both labial and coronal stop reduction in coda position (e.g., Browman & Goldstein 1995, Fromkin 1965) Redford, MacNeilage, and Davis 1997 More evidence for the general articulatory asymmetry related to the prosodic location of a given segment is reported in Redford et al They provide statistical evidence from their corpus of baby babbling data, demonstrating that

6 the apparent asymmetry found in post-vocalic spirantization might have a genuine motor-muscular origin. Redford et al. find that fricatives are produced much less frequently in initial position (7%) of a CVC syllable than in final position (24%). They assert that this peculiar disproportion of fricatives in final position is due to the reduction in the level of energy provided to the speech production system at the termination of an utterance. This hypothesis, they claim, has received some evidence from other studies, which show that there is a terminal energy decrease in the respiratory and/or phonatory components of early infant vocalizations. However, it should be emphasized these characteristics of infant speech do not necessarily parallel those of the adults (however, see Davis & MacNeilage 1995 for arguments for drawing this parallel). My motivation in presenting this here is to provide some empirical studies that are in line with the hypothesis put forth by Beckman et al Segmental duration In her survey of earlier studies of syllable juncture, Lehiste (1960) measures the duration in spectrograms of intervocalic consonants that serve contrastively as either syllable-final or syllable-initial. Initial consonants are usually found to be significantly longer than final consonants. Lehiste (1970) has also shown that voiced segments are generally shorter than voiceless ones. Ohala (p.c.) speculates that this difference might also have contributed to the spawning of spirantization. That is, the shorter the closure duration, the more likely a listener is to miss the closure duration all together and misinterpret it as some sort of approximant. Ending on this note, the next section is a discussion of the acoustic perceptual evidence of the development of postvocalic spirantization An extended theory: Speech-rate conditioned sound change Despite the fact that Beckman et al. s hypothesis takes both the listener s and the speaker s perspectives into account, suggesting that the phonetic seed of spirantization is the interface between the articulatory undershoot of the speaker and the mis-parsing of the listener, it remains doubtful that the absence of the stop burst alone is enough to trigger the mis-perception of stops as approximants. For example, the most common type of segment to participate in spirantization, voiced unaspirated stops, do not have a very strong burst to start with; some other cues must be involved if a uniform analysis is to be achieved. I propose that the ultimate phonetic cause for the mis-perception arises from the variation caused by the differential speech rate effects. This means that if the listener fails to normalize and assumes that the stop-approximant boundary remains at the point of normal speaking rate, then s/he might mis-interpret the transition as a cue for approximancy, rather than stops (the relation of speech rate variation and other sound changes is also argued in SoleÛ 1995 and SoleÛ & Ohala 1991). This hypothesis is strongly supported by the experiment presented by Miller and Liberman (1979). However, in order to understand this study and

7 appreciate the argumentation presented below, some background information regarding the general cues for the stop-approximant contrast must first be explicated Liberman, Delattre, Gerstman, and Cooper 1956 The general cues for the stop-glide contrast are the duration, rate, and extent of formant transition (Liberman et al. 1956). More specifically, rapid formant transitions (about 40 msec.) are perceived as stops, and those with slow formant transition rates (about 80 msec.) are perceived as glides. The rate of formant transition correlates with the rate of the articulatory movement Shinn and Blumstein 1984 Shinn and Blumstein found that a rapid increase in amplitude in the vicinity of the release of consonants will be perceived as the class of noncontinuants, and those speech sounds with a gradual increase in amplitude in the vicinity of the release will be perceived as a class of continuants. Shinn and Blumstein eloquently explain the reason for this pattern: For stops, there is a complete closure of the vocal tract with a resultant increase in air pressure behind the constriction. With the release of the closure, there is an abrupt and transient change in pressure. The consequence is a rapid rise of acoustic energy at the release of a stop consonant. In contrast, glides and weak fricatives are produced with only a partial constriction in the vocal tract and a gradual constriction out of the configuration of the preceding vowel and a gradual release into the configuration of the following vowel. As a result, for the glides, the relative change in amplitude at the release is considerably less and more gradual than that of stops. (Shinn and Blumstein 1984: 1243) Most peculiarly, they show that subjects in a free-identification task classify all glide tokens as stops when the glide s amplitude envelope is replaced by a stop amplitude envelope. However, they identify stops with the glide s amplitude envelope as fricatives rather than as glides. This asymmetric response of the subjects provides a plausible explanation as to why spirantization turns voiced stops into weak fricatives more often than into glides. Now that the relevant facts regarding the perception of the stopapproximant contrast have been introduced, we shall return to the discussion regarding the effect speech rate has on spirantization Miller and Liberman 1979 Miller and Liberman (1979) found that the longer the syllable duration, the longer the transition required to perceive [w]. In the experiment, they first showed that, by lengthening or shortening the steady-state portion of the vowel in synthetic [ba, wa] syllables, a rate normalization of the formant rate boundary is observed. They then synthesized [bad, wad] syllables of equal duration as the lengthened

8 [ba, wa] syllables mentioned earlier by adding the VC transitions for [d]. Thus, they were able to demonstrate that the [b, w] transition speed boundary shifts to a faster speed. That is, the added VC transitions for [d] produce the effect of a seemingly shorter CV formant transition duration for the previous segments. With this in mind, it is argued here that the shorter the syllable, the shorter the transition that is required to perceive [w]. The reason for this is the transition cue for the [b, w] distinction is essentially temporal, which means that it should be perceived in direct relation to the speech rate. This would suggest that in fast speech, the boundary between a stop and a glide is relatively narrow, providing more opportunities for a stop to be confused as a glide or approximant. 3. Conclusion As noted early on, this paper is meant to be taken as a preliminary look at the generalizations regarding post-vocalic spirantization. It undoubtedly does not do justice to the complex and interesting issues regarding some of the details of the different specific phonetic instantiations of the post-vocalic spirantization processes found in the world s languages. Nevertheless, this study has shown that many previous assumptions about post-vocalic spirantization are unwarranted. The typological study reveals that there is no strict implicational universal; instead, there are only statistically derived tendencies. By synthesizing research from both the articulatory and perceptual domains, it is shown that a sound phonetic theory of post-vocalic spirantization is possible. As a side development of this paper, it is shown that lenition as a cover term for a group of rather heterogeneous processes does not capture any significant generalization. In some cases, it might even obscure other important and interesting ones. References Bauer, L What is lenition? Linguistics Beckman, M., K. De Jong, S-A Jun & S-H Lee The interaction of coarticulation and prosody in sound change. Language and Speech Browman, C. P. & L. Goldstein Gestural syllable position effects in American English. Producing speech: contemporary issues for Katherine Safford Harris, ed. by F. Bell-Berti and L. Raphael. Woodbury. NY: AIP Press. Byrd, D Influences on articulatory timing in consonant sequences. Journal of Phonetics Crothers, J., J. Lorentz, D. Sherman, & M. Vihman (eds.) Handbook f phonological data. Vol. 1, 2. Stanford University: Department of Linguistics. Davis, B. L. & P. F. MacNeilage The articulatory basis of babbling. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research Fant, G., and A. Kruckenberg Preliminaries to the study of Swedish prose reading and reading style. Speech Transmission Laboratory Quarterly Progress Report Foley, J Foundations of theoretical phonology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Fromkin, V Some phonetic specifications of linguistic units: an electromyographic investigation. UCLA Dissertation. Hyman, L Phonology: theory and analysis. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. Kirchner, R An effort-base approach to consonant lenition. UCLA Dissertation. Lavoie, L Consonant strength: Results of a data base development project. Working Papers of the Cornell Phonetics Laboratory Lehiste, I An acoustic-phonetic study of internal open juncture. Basel: Karger.

9 Lehiste, I Suprasegmentals. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Liberman, A. M., P. C. Delattre, L, J. Gerstman, & F. S. Cooper Tempo of frequency change as a cue for distinguishing classes of speech sounds. Journal of Experimental Psychology Lukas, J A study of the Kanuri language: Grammar and vocabulary. London: Dawsons of Pall Mall, reprint of 1937 original. Miller, J. L. & A. M. Liberman Some effects of later-occurring information on the perception of stop consonant and semivowel. Perception and Psychophysics Ohala, J The origin of sound patterns in vocal tract constraint. The production of speech, ed. by P. F. MacNeilage, New York: Springer-Verlag. Ohala, J The phonetics of sound change. Historical linguistics: problems and perspectives, ed. by Charles Jones. London: Longman. Redford, M. A., P. F. MacNeilage, & B. L. Davis Production constraints on utterance-final consonant characteristics in babbling. Phonetica Shinn, P. & S. E. Blumstein On the role of the amplitude envelope for the perception of [b] and [w]. Journal of Acoustic Society of America Sole, M. J New ways of analyzing sound change: speech rate effects. Belgian Journal of Linguistics Sole, M. J. & J. J. Ohala The phonological representation of reduced forms. Proceedings of the ETRW Phonetics and phonology of speaking styles Barcelona, Spain. Steriade, D Positional neutralization and the expression of contrast. UCLA ms. Steriade, D Phonetics in phonology: The case of laryngeal neutralization. UCLA ms. Tosco, M A grammatical sketch of Dahala. Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag.

Phonological and Phonetic Representations: The Case of Neutralization

Phonological and Phonetic Representations: The Case of Neutralization Phonological and Phonetic Representations: The Case of Neutralization Allard Jongman University of Kansas 1. Introduction The present paper focuses on the phenomenon of phonological neutralization to consider

More information

Mandarin Lexical Tone Recognition: The Gating Paradigm

Mandarin Lexical Tone Recognition: The Gating Paradigm Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 0 (008), p. 8 Abstract Mandarin Lexical Tone Recognition: The Gating Paradigm Yuwen Lai and Jie Zhang University of Kansas Research on spoken word recognition

More information

The Perception of Nasalized Vowels in American English: An Investigation of On-line Use of Vowel Nasalization in Lexical Access

The Perception of Nasalized Vowels in American English: An Investigation of On-line Use of Vowel Nasalization in Lexical Access The Perception of Nasalized Vowels in American English: An Investigation of On-line Use of Vowel Nasalization in Lexical Access Joyce McDonough 1, Heike Lenhert-LeHouiller 1, Neil Bardhan 2 1 Linguistics

More information

Quarterly Progress and Status Report. Voiced-voiceless distinction in alaryngeal speech - acoustic and articula

Quarterly Progress and Status Report. Voiced-voiceless distinction in alaryngeal speech - acoustic and articula Dept. for Speech, Music and Hearing Quarterly Progress and Status Report Voiced-voiceless distinction in alaryngeal speech - acoustic and articula Nord, L. and Hammarberg, B. and Lundström, E. journal:

More information

Pobrane z czasopisma New Horizons in English Studies Data: 18/11/ :52:20. New Horizons in English Studies 1/2016

Pobrane z czasopisma New Horizons in English Studies  Data: 18/11/ :52:20. New Horizons in English Studies 1/2016 LANGUAGE Maria Curie-Skłodowska University () in Lublin k.laidler.umcs@gmail.com Online Adaptation of Word-initial Ukrainian CC Consonant Clusters by Native Speakers of English Abstract. The phenomenon

More information

Consonants: articulation and transcription

Consonants: articulation and transcription Phonology 1: Handout January 20, 2005 Consonants: articulation and transcription 1 Orientation phonetics [G. Phonetik]: the study of the physical and physiological aspects of human sound production and

More information

Speech Recognition using Acoustic Landmarks and Binary Phonetic Feature Classifiers

Speech Recognition using Acoustic Landmarks and Binary Phonetic Feature Classifiers Speech Recognition using Acoustic Landmarks and Binary Phonetic Feature Classifiers October 31, 2003 Amit Juneja Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Maryland, College Park,

More information

Manner assimilation in Uyghur

Manner assimilation in Uyghur Manner assimilation in Uyghur Suyeon Yun (suyeon@mit.edu) 10th Workshop on Altaic Formal Linguistics (1) Possible patterns of manner assimilation in nasal-liquid sequences (a) Regressive assimilation lateralization:

More information

Universal contrastive analysis as a learning principle in CAPT

Universal contrastive analysis as a learning principle in CAPT Universal contrastive analysis as a learning principle in CAPT Jacques Koreman, Preben Wik, Olaf Husby, Egil Albertsen Department of Language and Communication Studies, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway jacques.koreman@ntnu.no,

More information

Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics

Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics Volume 19, 2013 http://acousticalsociety.org/ ICA 2013 Montreal Montreal, Canada 2-7 June 2013 Speech Communication Session 2aSC: Linking Perception and Production

More information

The analysis starts with the phonetic vowel and consonant charts based on the dataset:

The analysis starts with the phonetic vowel and consonant charts based on the dataset: Ling 113 Homework 5: Hebrew Kelli Wiseth February 13, 2014 The analysis starts with the phonetic vowel and consonant charts based on the dataset: a) Given that the underlying representation for all verb

More information

SOUND STRUCTURE REPRESENTATION, REPAIR AND WELL-FORMEDNESS: GRAMMAR IN SPOKEN LANGUAGE PRODUCTION. Adam B. Buchwald

SOUND STRUCTURE REPRESENTATION, REPAIR AND WELL-FORMEDNESS: GRAMMAR IN SPOKEN LANGUAGE PRODUCTION. Adam B. Buchwald SOUND STRUCTURE REPRESENTATION, REPAIR AND WELL-FORMEDNESS: GRAMMAR IN SPOKEN LANGUAGE PRODUCTION by Adam B. Buchwald A dissertation submitted to The Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements

More information

Unvoiced Landmark Detection for Segment-based Mandarin Continuous Speech Recognition

Unvoiced Landmark Detection for Segment-based Mandarin Continuous Speech Recognition Unvoiced Landmark Detection for Segment-based Mandarin Continuous Speech Recognition Hua Zhang, Yun Tang, Wenju Liu and Bo Xu National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of Automation, Chinese

More information

Markedness and Complex Stops: Evidence from Simplification Processes 1. Nick Danis Rutgers University

Markedness and Complex Stops: Evidence from Simplification Processes 1. Nick Danis Rutgers University Markedness and Complex Stops: Evidence from Simplification Processes 1 Nick Danis Rutgers University nick.danis@rutgers.edu WOCAL 8 Kyoto, Japan August 21-24, 2015 1 Introduction (1) Complex segments:

More information

DEVELOPMENT OF LINGUAL MOTOR CONTROL IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

DEVELOPMENT OF LINGUAL MOTOR CONTROL IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS DEVELOPMENT OF LINGUAL MOTOR CONTROL IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS Natalia Zharkova 1, William J. Hardcastle 1, Fiona E. Gibbon 2 & Robin J. Lickley 1 1 CASL Research Centre, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh

More information

Rachel E. Baker, Ann R. Bradlow. Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA

Rachel E. Baker, Ann R. Bradlow. Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA LANGUAGE AND SPEECH, 2009, 52 (4), 391 413 391 Variability in Word Duration as a Function of Probability, Speech Style, and Prosody Rachel E. Baker, Ann R. Bradlow Northwestern University, Evanston, IL,

More information

Journal of Phonetics

Journal of Phonetics Journal of Phonetics 40 (2012) 595 607 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Journal of Phonetics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/phonetics How linguistic and probabilistic properties

More information

Word Stress and Intonation: Introduction

Word Stress and Intonation: Introduction Word Stress and Intonation: Introduction WORD STRESS One or more syllables of a polysyllabic word have greater prominence than the others. Such syllables are said to be accented or stressed. Word stress

More information

SEGMENTAL FEATURES IN SPONTANEOUS AND READ-ALOUD FINNISH

SEGMENTAL FEATURES IN SPONTANEOUS AND READ-ALOUD FINNISH SEGMENTAL FEATURES IN SPONTANEOUS AND READ-ALOUD FINNISH Mietta Lennes Most of the phonetic knowledge that is currently available on spoken Finnish is based on clearly pronounced speech: either readaloud

More information

Christine Mooshammer, IPDS Kiel, Philip Hoole, IPSK München, Anja Geumann, Dublin

Christine Mooshammer, IPDS Kiel, Philip Hoole, IPSK München, Anja Geumann, Dublin 1 Title: Jaw and order Christine Mooshammer, IPDS Kiel, Philip Hoole, IPSK München, Anja Geumann, Dublin Short title: Production of coronal consonants Acknowledgements This work was partially supported

More information

Quarterly Progress and Status Report. VCV-sequencies in a preliminary text-to-speech system for female speech

Quarterly Progress and Status Report. VCV-sequencies in a preliminary text-to-speech system for female speech Dept. for Speech, Music and Hearing Quarterly Progress and Status Report VCV-sequencies in a preliminary text-to-speech system for female speech Karlsson, I. and Neovius, L. journal: STL-QPSR volume: 35

More information

age, Speech and Hearii

age, Speech and Hearii age, Speech and Hearii 1 Speech Commun cation tion 2 Sensory Comm, ection i 298 RLE Progress Report Number 132 Section 1 Speech Communication Chapter 1 Speech Communication 299 300 RLE Progress Report

More information

Consonant-Vowel Unity in Element Theory*

Consonant-Vowel Unity in Element Theory* Consonant-Vowel Unity in Element Theory* Phillip Backley Tohoku Gakuin University Kuniya Nasukawa Tohoku Gakuin University ABSTRACT. This paper motivates the Element Theory view that vowels and consonants

More information

Speech Segmentation Using Probabilistic Phonetic Feature Hierarchy and Support Vector Machines

Speech Segmentation Using Probabilistic Phonetic Feature Hierarchy and Support Vector Machines Speech Segmentation Using Probabilistic Phonetic Feature Hierarchy and Support Vector Machines Amit Juneja and Carol Espy-Wilson Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Maryland,

More information

Phonetics. The Sound of Language

Phonetics. The Sound of Language Phonetics. The Sound of Language 1 The Description of Sounds Fromkin & Rodman: An Introduction to Language. Fort Worth etc., Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Read: Chapter 5, (p. 176ff.) (or the corresponding

More information

Radical CV Phonology: the locational gesture *

Radical CV Phonology: the locational gesture * Radical CV Phonology: the locational gesture * HARRY VAN DER HULST 1 Goals 'Radical CV Phonology' is a variant of Dependency Phonology (Anderson and Jones 1974, Anderson & Ewen 1980, Ewen 1980, Lass 1984,

More information

Quarterly Progress and Status Report. Sound symbolism in deictic words

Quarterly Progress and Status Report. Sound symbolism in deictic words Dept. for Speech, Music and Hearing Quarterly Progress and Status Report Sound symbolism in deictic words Traunmüller, H. journal: TMH-QPSR volume: 37 number: 2 year: 1996 pages: 147-150 http://www.speech.kth.se/qpsr

More information

**Note: this is slightly different from the original (mainly in format). I would be happy to send you a hard copy.**

**Note: this is slightly different from the original (mainly in format). I would be happy to send you a hard copy.** **Note: this is slightly different from the original (mainly in format). I would be happy to send you a hard copy.** REANALYZING THE JAPANESE CODA NASAL IN OPTIMALITY THEORY 1 KATSURA AOYAMA University

More information

Contrastiveness and diachronic variation in Chinese nasal codas. Tsz-Him Tsui The Ohio State University

Contrastiveness and diachronic variation in Chinese nasal codas. Tsz-Him Tsui The Ohio State University Contrastiveness and diachronic variation in Chinese nasal codas Tsz-Him Tsui The Ohio State University Abstract: Among the nasal codas across Chinese languages, [-m] underwent sound changes more often

More information

Demonstration of problems of lexical stress on the pronunciation Turkish English teachers and teacher trainees by computer

Demonstration of problems of lexical stress on the pronunciation Turkish English teachers and teacher trainees by computer Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 46 ( 2012 ) 3011 3016 WCES 2012 Demonstration of problems of lexical stress on the pronunciation Turkish English teachers

More information

1. REFLEXES: Ask questions about coughing, swallowing, of water as fast as possible (note! Not suitable for all

1. REFLEXES: Ask questions about coughing, swallowing, of water as fast as possible (note! Not suitable for all Human Communication Science Chandler House, 2 Wakefield Street London WC1N 1PF http://www.hcs.ucl.ac.uk/ ACOUSTICS OF SPEECH INTELLIGIBILITY IN DYSARTHRIA EUROPEAN MASTER S S IN CLINICAL LINGUISTICS UNIVERSITY

More information

Acoustic correlates of stress and their use in diagnosing syllable fusion in Tongan. James White & Marc Garellek UCLA

Acoustic correlates of stress and their use in diagnosing syllable fusion in Tongan. James White & Marc Garellek UCLA Acoustic correlates of stress and their use in diagnosing syllable fusion in Tongan James White & Marc Garellek UCLA 1 Introduction Goals: To determine the acoustic correlates of primary and secondary

More information

Revisiting the role of prosody in early language acquisition. Megha Sundara UCLA Phonetics Lab

Revisiting the role of prosody in early language acquisition. Megha Sundara UCLA Phonetics Lab Revisiting the role of prosody in early language acquisition Megha Sundara UCLA Phonetics Lab Outline Part I: Intonation has a role in language discrimination Part II: Do English-learning infants have

More information

Psychology of Speech Production and Speech Perception

Psychology of Speech Production and Speech Perception Psychology of Speech Production and Speech Perception Hugo Quené Clinical Language, Speech and Hearing Sciences, Utrecht University h.quene@uu.nl revised version 2009.06.10 1 Practical information Academic

More information

Dyslexia/dyslexic, 3, 9, 24, 97, 187, 189, 206, 217, , , 367, , , 397,

Dyslexia/dyslexic, 3, 9, 24, 97, 187, 189, 206, 217, , , 367, , , 397, Adoption studies, 274 275 Alliteration skill, 113, 115, 117 118, 122 123, 128, 136, 138 Alphabetic writing system, 5, 40, 127, 136, 410, 415 Alphabets (types of ) artificial transparent alphabet, 5 German

More information

A Fact in Historical Phonology from the Viewpoint of Generative Phonology: The Underlying Schwa in Old English

A Fact in Historical Phonology from the Viewpoint of Generative Phonology: The Underlying Schwa in Old English A Fact in Historical Phonology from the Viewpoint of Generative Phonology: The Underlying Schwa in Old English Abstract Although OE schwa has been viewed as an allophone, but not as a phoneme, the abstract

More information

Intra-talker Variation: Audience Design Factors Affecting Lexical Selections

Intra-talker Variation: Audience Design Factors Affecting Lexical Selections Tyler Perrachione LING 451-0 Proseminar in Sound Structure Prof. A. Bradlow 17 March 2006 Intra-talker Variation: Audience Design Factors Affecting Lexical Selections Abstract Although the acoustic and

More information

Linguistics. Undergraduate. Departmental Honors. Graduate. Faculty. Linguistics 1

Linguistics. Undergraduate. Departmental Honors. Graduate. Faculty. Linguistics 1 Linguistics 1 Linguistics Matthew Gordon, Chair Interdepartmental Program in the College of Arts and Science 223 Tate Hall (573) 882-6421 gordonmj@missouri.edu Kibby Smith, Advisor Office of Multidisciplinary

More information

An Acoustic Phonetic Account of the Production of Word-Final /z/s in Central Minnesota English

An Acoustic Phonetic Account of the Production of Word-Final /z/s in Central Minnesota English Linguistic Portfolios Volume 6 Article 10 2017 An Acoustic Phonetic Account of the Production of Word-Final /z/s in Central Minnesota English Cassy Lundy St. Cloud State University, casey.lundy@gmail.com

More information

On the nature of voicing assimilation(s)

On the nature of voicing assimilation(s) On the nature of voicing assimilation(s) Wouter Jansen Clinical Language Sciences Leeds Metropolitan University W.Jansen@leedsmet.ac.uk http://www.kuvik.net/wjansen March 15, 2006 On the nature of voicing

More information

Language Acquisition by Identical vs. Fraternal SLI Twins * Karin Stromswold & Jay I. Rifkin

Language Acquisition by Identical vs. Fraternal SLI Twins * Karin Stromswold & Jay I. Rifkin Stromswold & Rifkin, Language Acquisition by MZ & DZ SLI Twins (SRCLD, 1996) 1 Language Acquisition by Identical vs. Fraternal SLI Twins * Karin Stromswold & Jay I. Rifkin Dept. of Psychology & Ctr. for

More information

Phonological Processing for Urdu Text to Speech System

Phonological Processing for Urdu Text to Speech System Phonological Processing for Urdu Text to Speech System Sarmad Hussain Center for Research in Urdu Language Processing, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, B Block, Faisal Town, Lahore,

More information

Success Factors for Creativity Workshops in RE

Success Factors for Creativity Workshops in RE Success Factors for Creativity s in RE Sebastian Adam, Marcus Trapp Fraunhofer IESE Fraunhofer-Platz 1, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany {sebastian.adam, marcus.trapp}@iese.fraunhofer.de Abstract. In today

More information

Phonological encoding in speech production

Phonological encoding in speech production Phonological encoding in speech production Niels O. Schiller Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

More information

NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Lang Speech. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 January 1.

NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Lang Speech. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 January 1. NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Published in final edited form as: Lang Speech. 2010 ; 53(Pt 1): 49 69. Spatial and Temporal Properties of Gestures in North American English /R/ Fiona Campbell, University

More information

DOWNSTEP IN SUPYIRE* Robert Carlson Societe Internationale de Linguistique, Mali

DOWNSTEP IN SUPYIRE* Robert Carlson Societe Internationale de Linguistique, Mali Studies in African inguistics Volume 4 Number April 983 DOWNSTEP IN SUPYIRE* Robert Carlson Societe Internationale de inguistique ali Downstep in the vast majority of cases can be traced to the influence

More information

The Effect of Discourse Markers on the Speaking Production of EFL Students. Iman Moradimanesh

The Effect of Discourse Markers on the Speaking Production of EFL Students. Iman Moradimanesh The Effect of Discourse Markers on the Speaking Production of EFL Students Iman Moradimanesh Abstract The research aimed at investigating the relationship between discourse markers (DMs) and a special

More information

A Cross-language Corpus for Studying the Phonetics and Phonology of Prominence

A Cross-language Corpus for Studying the Phonetics and Phonology of Prominence A Cross-language Corpus for Studying the Phonetics and Phonology of Prominence Bistra Andreeva 1, William Barry 1, Jacques Koreman 2 1 Saarland University Germany 2 Norwegian University of Science and

More information

Lexical phonology. Marc van Oostendorp. December 6, Until now, we have presented phonological theory as if it is a monolithic

Lexical phonology. Marc van Oostendorp. December 6, Until now, we have presented phonological theory as if it is a monolithic Lexical phonology Marc van Oostendorp December 6, 2005 Background Until now, we have presented phonological theory as if it is a monolithic unit. However, there is evidence that phonology consists of at

More information

Rhythm-typology revisited.

Rhythm-typology revisited. DFG Project BA 737/1: "Cross-language and individual differences in the production and perception of syllabic prominence. Rhythm-typology revisited." Rhythm-typology revisited. B. Andreeva & W. Barry Jacques

More information

ABSTRACT. Some children with speech sound disorders (SSD) have difficulty with literacyrelated

ABSTRACT. Some children with speech sound disorders (SSD) have difficulty with literacyrelated ABSTRACT Some children with speech sound disorders (SSD) have difficulty with literacyrelated skills. In particular, they often have trouble with phonological processing, which is a robust predictor of

More information

Learning Methods in Multilingual Speech Recognition

Learning Methods in Multilingual Speech Recognition Learning Methods in Multilingual Speech Recognition Hui Lin Department of Electrical Engineering University of Washington Seattle, WA 98125 linhui@u.washington.edu Li Deng, Jasha Droppo, Dong Yu, and Alex

More information

Perceived speech rate: the effects of. articulation rate and speaking style in spontaneous speech. Jacques Koreman. Saarland University

Perceived speech rate: the effects of. articulation rate and speaking style in spontaneous speech. Jacques Koreman. Saarland University 1 Perceived speech rate: the effects of articulation rate and speaking style in spontaneous speech Jacques Koreman Saarland University Institute of Phonetics P.O. Box 151150 D-66041 Saarbrücken Germany

More information

Different Task Type and the Perception of the English Interdental Fricatives

Different Task Type and the Perception of the English Interdental Fricatives Different Task Type and the Perception of the English Interdental Fricatives Mara Silvia Reis, Denise Cristina Kluge, Melissa Bettoni-Techio Federal University of Santa Catarina marasreis@hotmail.com,

More information

NAME: East Carolina University PSYC Developmental Psychology Dr. Eppler & Dr. Ironsmith

NAME: East Carolina University PSYC Developmental Psychology Dr. Eppler & Dr. Ironsmith Module 10 1 NAME: East Carolina University PSYC 3206 -- Developmental Psychology Dr. Eppler & Dr. Ironsmith Study Questions for Chapter 10: Language and Education Sigelman & Rider (2009). Life-span human

More information

Partial Class Behavior and Nasal Place Assimilation*

Partial Class Behavior and Nasal Place Assimilation* Partial Class Behavior and Nasal Place Assimilation* Jaye Padgett University of California, Santa Cruz 1. Introduction This paper has two goals. The first is to pursue and further motivate some ideas developed

More information

Clinical Application of the Mean Babbling Level and Syllable Structure Level

Clinical Application of the Mean Babbling Level and Syllable Structure Level LSHSS Clinical Exchange Clinical Application of the Mean Babbling Level and Syllable Structure Level Sherrill R. Morris Northern Illinois University, DeKalb T here is a documented synergy between development

More information

A Minimalist Approach to Code-Switching. In the field of linguistics, the topic of bilingualism is a broad one. There are many

A Minimalist Approach to Code-Switching. In the field of linguistics, the topic of bilingualism is a broad one. There are many Schmidt 1 Eric Schmidt Prof. Suzanne Flynn Linguistic Study of Bilingualism December 13, 2013 A Minimalist Approach to Code-Switching In the field of linguistics, the topic of bilingualism is a broad one.

More information

On Human Computer Interaction, HCI. Dr. Saif al Zahir Electrical and Computer Engineering Department UBC

On Human Computer Interaction, HCI. Dr. Saif al Zahir Electrical and Computer Engineering Department UBC On Human Computer Interaction, HCI Dr. Saif al Zahir Electrical and Computer Engineering Department UBC Human Computer Interaction HCI HCI is the study of people, computer technology, and the ways these

More information

Contextual effects on vowel duration, closure duration, and the consonant/vowel ratio in speech production

Contextual effects on vowel duration, closure duration, and the consonant/vowel ratio in speech production Contextual effects on vowel duration, closure duration, and the consonant/vowel ratio in speech production Paul A. Luce and Jan Charles-Luce a) Speech Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Indiana

More information

Linguistics 220 Phonology: distributions and the concept of the phoneme. John Alderete, Simon Fraser University

Linguistics 220 Phonology: distributions and the concept of the phoneme. John Alderete, Simon Fraser University Linguistics 220 Phonology: distributions and the concept of the phoneme John Alderete, Simon Fraser University Foundations in phonology Outline 1. Intuitions about phonological structure 2. Contrastive

More information

The Indian English of Tibeto-Burman language speakers*

The Indian English of Tibeto-Burman language speakers* The Indian English of Tibeto-Burman language speakers* Caroline R. Wiltshire University of Florida English as spoken as a second language in India (IE) has developed different sound patterns from other

More information

CLASSIFICATION OF PROGRAM Critical Elements Analysis 1. High Priority Items Phonemic Awareness Instruction

CLASSIFICATION OF PROGRAM Critical Elements Analysis 1. High Priority Items Phonemic Awareness Instruction CLASSIFICATION OF PROGRAM Critical Elements Analysis 1 Program Name: Macmillan/McGraw Hill Reading 2003 Date of Publication: 2003 Publisher: Macmillan/McGraw Hill Reviewer Code: 1. X The program meets

More information

Possessive have and (have) got in New Zealand English Heidi Quinn, University of Canterbury, New Zealand

Possessive have and (have) got in New Zealand English Heidi Quinn, University of Canterbury, New Zealand 1 Introduction Possessive have and (have) got in New Zealand English Heidi Quinn, University of Canterbury, New Zealand heidi.quinn@canterbury.ac.nz NWAV 33, Ann Arbor 1 October 24 This paper looks at

More information

CROSS-LANGUAGE MAPPING FOR SMALL-VOCABULARY ASR IN UNDER-RESOURCED LANGUAGES: INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF SOURCE LANGUAGE CHOICE

CROSS-LANGUAGE MAPPING FOR SMALL-VOCABULARY ASR IN UNDER-RESOURCED LANGUAGES: INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF SOURCE LANGUAGE CHOICE CROSS-LANGUAGE MAPPING FOR SMALL-VOCABULARY ASR IN UNDER-RESOURCED LANGUAGES: INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF SOURCE LANGUAGE CHOICE Anjana Vakil and Alexis Palmer University of Saarland Department of Computational

More information

Phonology Revisited: Sor3ng Out the PH Factors in Reading and Spelling Development. Indiana, November, 2015

Phonology Revisited: Sor3ng Out the PH Factors in Reading and Spelling Development. Indiana, November, 2015 Phonology Revisited: Sor3ng Out the PH Factors in Reading and Spelling Development Indiana, November, 2015 Louisa C. Moats, Ed.D. (louisa.moats@gmail.com) meaning (semantics) discourse structure morphology

More information

Learners Use Word-Level Statistics in Phonetic Category Acquisition

Learners Use Word-Level Statistics in Phonetic Category Acquisition Learners Use Word-Level Statistics in Phonetic Category Acquisition Naomi Feldman, Emily Myers, Katherine White, Thomas Griffiths, and James Morgan 1. Introduction * One of the first challenges that language

More information

The Journey to Vowelerria VOWEL ERRORS: THE LOST WORLD OF SPEECH INTERVENTION. Preparation: Education. Preparation: Education. Preparation: Education

The Journey to Vowelerria VOWEL ERRORS: THE LOST WORLD OF SPEECH INTERVENTION. Preparation: Education. Preparation: Education. Preparation: Education VOWEL ERRORS: THE LOST WORLD OF SPEECH INTERVENTION The Journey to Vowelerria An adventure across familiar territory child speech intervention leading to uncommon terrain vowel errors, Ph.D., CCC-SLP 03-15-14

More information

Eli Yamamoto, Satoshi Nakamura, Kiyohiro Shikano. Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science & Technology

Eli Yamamoto, Satoshi Nakamura, Kiyohiro Shikano. Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science & Technology ISCA Archive SUBJECTIVE EVALUATION FOR HMM-BASED SPEECH-TO-LIP MOVEMENT SYNTHESIS Eli Yamamoto, Satoshi Nakamura, Kiyohiro Shikano Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science & Technology

More information

Correspondence between the DRDP (2015) and the California Preschool Learning Foundations. Foundations (PLF) in Language and Literacy

Correspondence between the DRDP (2015) and the California Preschool Learning Foundations. Foundations (PLF) in Language and Literacy 1 Desired Results Developmental Profile (2015) [DRDP (2015)] Correspondence to California Foundations: Language and Development (LLD) and the Foundations (PLF) The Language and Development (LLD) domain

More information

(Includes a Detailed Analysis of Responses to Overall Satisfaction and Quality of Academic Advising Items) By Steve Chatman

(Includes a Detailed Analysis of Responses to Overall Satisfaction and Quality of Academic Advising Items) By Steve Chatman Report #202-1/01 Using Item Correlation With Global Satisfaction Within Academic Division to Reduce Questionnaire Length and to Raise the Value of Results An Analysis of Results from the 1996 UC Survey

More information

The phonetic roots of phonological typology:

The phonetic roots of phonological typology: The phonetic roots of phonological typology: Final syllable vowels Jonathan Barnes Boston University 1. Introduction and agenda: Typology and UG Formal models of the phonological component of UG ask two

More information

Parallel Evaluation in Stratal OT * Adam Baker University of Arizona

Parallel Evaluation in Stratal OT * Adam Baker University of Arizona Parallel Evaluation in Stratal OT * Adam Baker University of Arizona tabaker@u.arizona.edu 1.0. Introduction The model of Stratal OT presented by Kiparsky (forthcoming), has not and will not prove uncontroversial

More information

THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR MODEL IN ELECTRONIC LEARNING: A PILOT STUDY

THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR MODEL IN ELECTRONIC LEARNING: A PILOT STUDY THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR MODEL IN ELECTRONIC LEARNING: A PILOT STUDY William Barnett, University of Louisiana Monroe, barnett@ulm.edu Adrien Presley, Truman State University, apresley@truman.edu ABSTRACT

More information

NCEO Technical Report 27

NCEO Technical Report 27 Home About Publications Special Topics Presentations State Policies Accommodations Bibliography Teleconferences Tools Related Sites Interpreting Trends in the Performance of Special Education Students

More information

Progressive Aspect in Nigerian English

Progressive Aspect in Nigerian English ISLE 2011 17 June 2011 1 New Englishes Empirical Studies Aspect in Nigerian Languages 2 3 Nigerian English Other New Englishes Explanations Progressive Aspect in New Englishes New Englishes Empirical Studies

More information

source or where they are needed to distinguish two forms of a language. 4. Geographical Location. I have attempted to provide a geographical

source or where they are needed to distinguish two forms of a language. 4. Geographical Location. I have attempted to provide a geographical Database Structure 1 This database, compiled by Merritt Ruhlen, contains certain kinds of linguistic and nonlinguistic information for the world s roughly 5,000 languages. This introduction will discuss

More information

Similarity Avoidance in the Proto-Indo-European Root

Similarity Avoidance in the Proto-Indo-European Root Volume 15 Issue 1 Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Penn Linguistics Colloquium University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics Article 8 3-23-2009 Similarity Avoidance in the Proto-Indo-European

More information

Sounds of Infant-Directed Vocabulary: Learned from Infants Speech or Part of Linguistic Knowledge?

Sounds of Infant-Directed Vocabulary: Learned from Infants Speech or Part of Linguistic Knowledge? 21 1 2017 29 4 45 58 Journal of the Phonetic Society of Japan, Vol. 21 No. 1 April 2017, pp. 45 58 Sounds of Infant-Directed Vocabulary: Learned from Infants Speech or Part of Linguistic Knowledge? Reiko

More information

1 st Quarter (September, October, November) August/September Strand Topic Standard Notes Reading for Literature

1 st Quarter (September, October, November) August/September Strand Topic Standard Notes Reading for Literature 1 st Grade Curriculum Map Common Core Standards Language Arts 2013 2014 1 st Quarter (September, October, November) August/September Strand Topic Standard Notes Reading for Literature Key Ideas and Details

More information

Speech Synthesis in Noisy Environment by Enhancing Strength of Excitation and Formant Prominence

Speech Synthesis in Noisy Environment by Enhancing Strength of Excitation and Formant Prominence INTERSPEECH September,, San Francisco, USA Speech Synthesis in Noisy Environment by Enhancing Strength of Excitation and Formant Prominence Bidisha Sharma and S. R. Mahadeva Prasanna Department of Electronics

More information

Stages of Literacy Ros Lugg

Stages of Literacy Ros Lugg Beginning readers in the USA Stages of Literacy Ros Lugg Looked at predictors of reading success or failure Pre-readers readers aged 3-53 5 yrs Looked at variety of abilities IQ Speech and language abilities

More information

9 Sound recordings: acoustic and articulatory data

9 Sound recordings: acoustic and articulatory data 9 Sound recordings: acoustic and articulatory data Robert J. Podesva and Elizabeth Zsiga 1 Introduction Linguists, across the subdisciplines of the field, use sound recordings for a great many purposes

More information

Minimalism is the name of the predominant approach in generative linguistics today. It was first

Minimalism is the name of the predominant approach in generative linguistics today. It was first Minimalism Minimalism is the name of the predominant approach in generative linguistics today. It was first introduced by Chomsky in his work The Minimalist Program (1995) and has seen several developments

More information

Segregation of Unvoiced Speech from Nonspeech Interference

Segregation of Unvoiced Speech from Nonspeech Interference Technical Report OSU-CISRC-8/7-TR63 Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus, OH 4321-1277 FTP site: ftp.cse.ohio-state.edu Login: anonymous Directory: pub/tech-report/27

More information

Speech Recognition at ICSI: Broadcast News and beyond

Speech Recognition at ICSI: Broadcast News and beyond Speech Recognition at ICSI: Broadcast News and beyond Dan Ellis International Computer Science Institute, Berkeley CA Outline 1 2 3 The DARPA Broadcast News task Aspects of ICSI

More information

Testing claims of a usage-based phonology with Liverpool English t-to-r 1

Testing claims of a usage-based phonology with Liverpool English t-to-r 1 Testing claims of a usage-based phonology with Liverpool English t-to-r 1 1 2 ABSTRACT The variable phenomenon in which /t/ can be realized as a tap or rhotic approximant in varieties of Northern British

More information

REVIEW OF CONNECTED SPEECH

REVIEW OF CONNECTED SPEECH Language Learning & Technology http://llt.msu.edu/vol8num1/review2/ January 2004, Volume 8, Number 1 pp. 24-28 REVIEW OF CONNECTED SPEECH Title Connected Speech (North American English), 2000 Platform

More information

L1 Influence on L2 Intonation in Russian Speakers of English

L1 Influence on L2 Intonation in Russian Speakers of English Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses Spring 7-23-2013 L1 Influence on L2 Intonation in Russian Speakers of English Christiane Fleur Crosby Portland State

More information

Audible and visible speech

Audible and visible speech Building sensori-motor prototypes from audiovisual exemplars Gérard BAILLY Institut de la Communication Parlée INPG & Université Stendhal 46, avenue Félix Viallet, 383 Grenoble Cedex, France web: http://www.icp.grenet.fr/bailly

More information

MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAM COMMUNICATION THROUGH VISUAL REPRESENTATIONS

MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAM COMMUNICATION THROUGH VISUAL REPRESENTATIONS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING AND PRODUCT DESIGN EDUCATION SEPTEMBER 4 & 5 2008, UNIVERSITAT POLITECNICA DE CATALUNYA, BARCELONA, SPAIN MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAM COMMUNICATION THROUGH VISUAL REPRESENTATIONS

More information

EDIT 576 (2 credits) Mobile Learning and Applications Fall Semester 2015 August 31 October 18, 2015 Fully Online Course

EDIT 576 (2 credits) Mobile Learning and Applications Fall Semester 2015 August 31 October 18, 2015 Fully Online Course GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF EDUCATION AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM EDIT 576 (2 credits) Mobile Learning and Applications Fall Semester 2015 August 31 October

More information

2,1 .,,, , %, ,,,,,,. . %., Butterworth,)?.(1989; Levelt, 1989; Levelt et al., 1991; Levelt, Roelofs & Meyer, 1999

2,1 .,,, , %, ,,,,,,. . %., Butterworth,)?.(1989; Levelt, 1989; Levelt et al., 1991; Levelt, Roelofs & Meyer, 1999 23-47 57 (2006)? : 1 21 2 1 : ( ) $ % 24 ( ) 200 ( ) ) ( % : % % % Butterworth)? (1989; Levelt 1989; Levelt et al 1991; Levelt Roelofs & Meyer 1999 () " 2 ) ( ) ( Brown & McNeill 1966; Morton 1969 1979;

More information

Cambridgeshire Community Services NHS Trust: delivering excellence in children and young people s health services

Cambridgeshire Community Services NHS Trust: delivering excellence in children and young people s health services Normal Language Development Community Paediatric Audiology Cambridgeshire Community Services NHS Trust: delivering excellence in children and young people s health services Language develops unconsciously

More information

On the Formation of Phoneme Categories in DNN Acoustic Models

On the Formation of Phoneme Categories in DNN Acoustic Models On the Formation of Phoneme Categories in DNN Acoustic Models Tasha Nagamine Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University T. Nagamine Motivation Large performance gap between humans and state-

More information

First Grade Curriculum Highlights: In alignment with the Common Core Standards

First Grade Curriculum Highlights: In alignment with the Common Core Standards First Grade Curriculum Highlights: In alignment with the Common Core Standards ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS Foundational Skills Print Concepts Demonstrate understanding of the organization and basic features

More information

A NOTE ON THE BIOLOGY OF SPEECH PERCEPTION* Michael Studdert-Kennedy+

A NOTE ON THE BIOLOGY OF SPEECH PERCEPTION* Michael Studdert-Kennedy+ A NOTE ON THE BIOLOGY OF SPEECH PERCEPTION* Michael Studdert-Kennedy+ The goal of a biological psychology is to undermine the autonomy of whatever it studies. For language, the goal is to derive its properties

More information

Stochastic Phonology Janet B. Pierrehumbert Department of Linguistics Northwestern University Evanston, IL Introduction

Stochastic Phonology Janet B. Pierrehumbert Department of Linguistics Northwestern University Evanston, IL Introduction Stochastic Phonology Janet B. Pierrehumbert Department of Linguistics Northwestern University Evanston, IL 60208 1.0 Introduction In classic generative phonology, linguistic competence in the area of sound

More information

A comparison of spectral smoothing methods for segment concatenation based speech synthesis

A comparison of spectral smoothing methods for segment concatenation based speech synthesis D.T. Chappell, J.H.L. Hansen, "Spectral Smoothing for Speech Segment Concatenation, Speech Communication, Volume 36, Issues 3-4, March 2002, Pages 343-373. A comparison of spectral smoothing methods for

More information