Grade 10 Science (20F) A Course for Independent Study

Transcription

1 Grade 10 Sciece (20F) A Course for Idepedet Study

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3 G r a d E 1 0 S c i E c E ( 2 0 F ) a course for idepedet Study 2012 Maitoba Educatio

4 Maitoba Educatio cataloguig i Publicatio data Grade 10 sciece (20F) : a course for idepedet study icludes bibliographical refereces. isb: Sciece Study ad teachig (Secodary). 2. Sciece Study ad teachig (Secodary) Maitoba. 3. Sciece Programmed istructio. 4. distace educatio Maitoba. 5. correspodece schools ad courses Maitoba. i. Maitoba. Maitoba Educatio. 500 copyright 2012, the Govermet of Maitoba, represeted by the Miister of Educatio. Maitoba Educatio School Programs divisio Wiipeg, Maitoba, caada Every effort has bee made to ackowledge origial sources ad to comply with copyright law. if cases are idetified where this has ot bee doe, please otify Maitoba Educatio. Errors or omissios will be corrected i a future editio. Sicere thaks to the authors, artists, ad publishers who allowed their origial material to be used. all images foud i this documet are copyright protected ad should ot be extracted, accessed, or reproduced for ay purpose other tha for their iteded educatioal use i this documet. ay websites refereced i this documet are subject to chage. available i alterate formats upo request.

5 c o t E t S Ackowledgemets vii Itroductio 1 Module 1: Dyamics of Ecosystems Itroductio 3 Lesso 1: Itroductio to Ecology 5 Lesso 2: Eergy Flow 9 Lesso 3: The Cycles of Life 17 Assigmet 1.1: Biochemical Cycles 25 Lesso 4: Disturbig the Carbo Cycle 27 Lesso 5: Disturbig the Nitroge Cycle 31 Lesso 6: Bioaccumulatio 37 Assigmet 1.2: Toxi Ivestigatio 43 Lesso 7: Populatio Growth 45 Lesso 8: Factors Limitig Populatio Growth 51 Lesso 9: Populatio Dyamics 57 Lesso 10: A Populatio Dyamics Case Study 61 Assigmet 1.3: Predator-Prey Iteractios 65 Lesso 11: Biodiversity 69 Lesso 12: Species Extictio 73 Lesso 13: Species Itroductio: A Case Study 79 Lesso 14: Decisio Makig ad Evirometal Issues 85 Assigmet 1.4: Hydroelectric Power Decisios 89 Module 1 Learig Activity Aswer Key c o t e t s iii

6 Module 2: Chemistry i Actio Itroductio 3 Lesso 1: Review of the Atomic Model 5 Lesso 2: Bohr Atoms 13 Lesso 3: The Periodic Table 19 Lesso 4: Electro Trasfer ad Ioic Compouds 29 Assigmet 2.1: Atoms ad Ioic Compouds 37 Lesso 5: Electro Sharig ad Covalet Bods 41 Lesso 6: Formulas ad Names of Biary Ioic Compouds 49 Lesso 7: Formulas ad Names for Covalet Compouds 59 Assigmet 2.2: Atomic Bodig 65 Lesso 8: Usig Molecular Formulas 67 Lesso 9: Law of Coservatio of Mass 75 Lesso 10: Balacig Equatios 83 Assigmet 2.3: Coservatio of Mass 91 Lesso 11: Reactio Types 93 Lesso 12: Acids ad Bases 101 Assigmet 2.4: Chemical Reactios 115 Lesso 13: Acids ad Bases at Home, i Idustry, ad i Our Bodies 119 Lesso 14: Neutralizatio Reactios 127 Assigmet 2.5: Acids ad Bases 133 Lesso 15: The Chemistry of Air Pollutio 135 Lesso 16: Techology to Reduce Air Pollutio 145 Assigmet 2.6: Chemistry i Techology ad the Eviromet 151 Module 2 Learig Activity Aswer Key Module 3: I Motio Itroductio 3 Lesso 1: Positio ad Displacemet 7 Lesso 2: Measurig Time, Scalars, ad Vectors 13 Lesso 3: Displacemet, Time, ad Velocity 17 iv G r a d e 1 0 S c i e c e

7 Lesso 4: Graphig Velocity 23 Lesso 5: Velocity, Time, ad Accelerated Motio 31 Lesso 6: Aristotle, Galileo Galilei, ad Sir Isaac Newto o Motio Ideas 47 Lesso 7: The Lik betwee Force ad Motio 55 Lesso 8: Effects of Iertia o Car Collisios 61 Assigmet 3.1: Iertia ad the Urestraied Passeger 65 Lesso 9: Newto s Third Law 73 Lesso 10: Mometum ad Impulse, Part 1 77 Assigmet 3.2: The Lik betwee Force ad Motio 85 Lesso 11: Mometum ad Impulse, Part Lesso 12: Coservatio of Eergy 103 Lesso 13: The Effects of Frictio 107 Lesso 14: Brakig Distace 111 Lesso 15: The Mathematical Relatioship betwee Speed ad Brakig Distace 115 Lesso 16: Total Stoppig Distace 119 Lesso 17: The Fial Challege 123 Assigmet 3.3: Speed ad Brakig Distace 125 Module 3 Learig Activity Aswer Key Module 4: Weather Dyamics Itroductio 3 Lesso 1: Earth s Atmosphere ad Hydrosphere 7 Lesso 2: Weather ad Eergy 15 Lesso 3: Eergy Flow 21 Assigmet 4.1: Eergy Flow 33 Lesso 4: Forecastig Severe Weather Systems 35 Lesso 5: Trackig Severe Weather Systems 49 Lesso 6: Societal, Evirometal, ad Ecoomic Impacts of Severe Weather Evets 57 Assigmet 4.2: Research Project 63 c o t e t s v

8 Lesso 7: Climate Chage 65 Lesso 8: Cosequeces of Climate Chage 73 Assigmet 4.3: Climate Chage Discussio 79 Module 4 Learig Activity Aswer Key Bibliography vi G r a d e 1 0 S c i e c e

9 a c k o W l E d G E M E t S Maitoba Educatio gratefully ackowledges the cotributios of the followig educators i the developmet of Grade 10 Sciece (20F): A Course for Idepedet Study. Course Writig Team Steve Boyko St. Boiface Diocesa High School Catholic Schools Commissio Heather Marks Garth Marti Joh Murray Sciece Cosultat Doa Smith Sisler High School Wiipeg School Divisio Swa Valley School Divisio Maitoba Educatio Educatio Program Uiversity of Maitoba Course Review Team Lida McPherso École River Heights School Wiipeg School Divisio Maitoba Educatio Staff School Programs divisio Art Sawatsky Tutor/Marker, Sciece 20F Meredith White-McMaho Louise Boissoeault Coordiator (sice March 2010) Lee-Ila Bothe Coordiator (util March 2010) Kristi Grapetie Desktop Publisher Ly Harriso Desktop Publisher Adam Kowalski Istructioal Desig Aalyst Idepedet Study Optio Joh Taylor Collegiate St. James-Assiiboia School Divisio Documet Productio Services Uit Educatioal Resources Brach Documet Productio Services Uit Educatioal Resources Brach Documet Productio Services Uit Educatioal Resources Brach Documet Productio Services Uit Educatioal Resources Brach Developmet Uit Istructio, Curriculum ad Assessmet Brach cotiued a c k o w l e d g e m e t s vii

10 Gabe Kraljevic Project Leader (after February 2012) Gilles Ladry Project Maager Leah Lazaruk Distace Learig Cosultat Susa Lee Coordiator Grat Moore Publicatios Editor Joh Murray Project Leader (util August 2011) Marjorie Poor Publicatios Editor Developmet Uit Istructio, Curriculum ad Assessmet Brach Developmet Uit Istructio, Curriculum ad Assessmet Brach Distace Learig Uit Istructio, Curriculum ad Assessmet Brach Distace Learig Uit Istructio, Curriculum ad Assessmet Brach Documet Productio Services Uit Educatioal Resources Brach Developmet Uit Istructio, Curriculum ad Assessmet Brach Documet Productio Services Uit Educatioal Resources Brach Maitoba Educatio would like to ackowledge Eviromet Caada, Project Atmosphere, ad NOAA for the use of material throughout this course. Eviromet Caada material is reproduced with the permissio of the Miister of Public Works ad Govermet Services Caada, viii G r a d e 1 0 S c i e c e

11 G r a d E 1 0 S c i E c E ( 2 0 F ) itroductio

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13 i t r o d u c t i o overview Welcome to Grade 10 Sciece: A Course for Idepedet Study! This is a fullcredit course that is desiged to develop your scietific literacy through iquiry-based activities that aim to stregthe ad ecourage your critical thikig, problem solvig, ad aalytical skills/abilities. The Grade 10 Sciece course is iteded to provide a broad scietific backgroud ad to assist you i preparig for more specialized courses i Grade 11 ad 12. As a studet erolled i a distace learig course, you have take o a dual role that of a studet ad a teacher. As a studet, you are resposible for masterig the lessos ad completig the learig activities ad assigmets. As a teacher, you are resposible to check your work carefully, otig areas i which you eed to improve ad motivatig yourself to succeed. What Will You lear i this course? I this course, Grade 10 Sciece: A Course for Idepedet Study studets will lear about the fasciatig world of ecosystems, how chemicals react, the physics of objects i motio, ad how weather works, as well as how people ca use their kowledge of ecology, chemistry, physics, ad meteorology to live resposibly i our world. How is this course orgaized? This course is divided ito four modules: Module 1: Dyamics of Ecosystems Module 2: Chemistry i Actio Module 3: I Motio Module 4: Weather Dyamics Each module i this course cosists of several lessos, which cotai the followig compoets: Lesso Focus: The Lesso Focus at the begiig of each lesso idetifies oe or more specific learig outcomes (SLOs) that are addressed i the lesso. The SLOs idetify the kowledge ad skills you should have achieved by the ed of the lesso. i t r o d u c t i o 3

14 Itroductio: Each lesso begis with a explaatio of what you will be learig i that lesso. Lesso: The mai body of the lesso is made up of the cotet that you eed to lear. It cotais text, explaatios, images, ad diagrams. Learig Activities: May lessos iclude oe or more learig activities that will help you lear about the lesso topics ad prepare you for the assigmets, the midterm examiatio, ad the fial examiatio. Oce you complete a learig activity, check your resposes agaist those provided i the Learig Activity Aswer Key foud at the ed of each module. You will ot submit the completed learig activities to your tutor/marker. Assigmets: Assigmets are foud at the ed of lessos. You will mail or electroically submit all your completed assigmets to your tutor/marker for assessmet at the ed of each module. I total, all assigmets are worth 60 percet of your fial course mark. Video Files: Some lessos refer to the Grade 10 Sciece Idepedet Study Video Files, which you are required to view for this course. Key Words: This list idetifies the importat words that are used i the lesso. The key words are highlighted i bold withi the text ad idetified by key word icos. Summary: Each lesso eds with a brief review of what you just leared. This course also icludes the followig sectio: Bibliography: This list idetifies the resources used to write this course. What resources Will You eed for this course? You do ot eed a textbook for this course. All the cotet is provided directly withi the course ad i the video files. You will, however, eed access to a variety of resources. The required ad optioal resources for this course are idetified below. required resources For this course, you will eed access to the followig resources. If you do ot have access to oe or more of these resources, cotact your tutor/marker. Supplies: A metric ruler, pecil, ad coloured pecils (red, gree, light blue, light brow) 4 G r a d e 1 0 S c i e c e

15 Videos: You will eed to view the Grade 10 Sciece videos, which are available i the Audios ad Videos sectio of the distace learig website at < If you do ot have access to the Iteret, or if you eed a copy of the videos, cotact the ISO office at Booklet: You will eed to read the booklet I Motio: A Learig Resource for Studets, which is foud i the Studet Dowloads sectio of the distace learig website at < If you do ot have access to the Iteret, cotact the Idepedet Study Optio office at to obtai a copy of the I Motio: A Learig Resource for Studets booklet. A computer/mobile device to view video ad PDF files: Access to a computer/mobile device with appropriate software is required to view the Grade 10 Sciece video files ad the PDF file of the booklet I Motio: A Learig Resource for Studets. optioal resources It would be helpful if you had access to the followig resources: A calculator: A calculator would be helpful as you work through the course. You may also use a calculator durig the examiatios. Photocopier/scaer: With access to a photocopier/scaer, you could make a copy of your assigmets before submittig them so that if your tutor/marker wats to discuss a assigmet with you over the phoe, each of you will have a copy. It would also allow you to cotiue studyig or to complete further lessos while your origial work is with the tutor/marker. Photocopyig or scaig your assigmets will also esure that you keep a copy i case the origials are lost. Access to a school laboratory or access to equipmet is required to perform optioal laboratory activities. (You must be supervised by a teacher or guardia/paret.) Resource people: Access to local resource people, such as teachers, school cousellors, ad librarias, would help you complete the course. A computer with word processig ad presetatio software: Access to word processig software (e.g., Microsoft Word) ad presetatio ad slide software (e.g., Microsoft PowerPoit) would help you complete some assigmets. i t r o d u c t i o 5

16 A computer/mobile device with Iteret* access: Some lessos suggest website liks as sources of iformatio or for supplemetary referece ad readig. If you do ot have Iteret access, you will still be able to complete the course, but you will eed to fid differet ways of accessig iformatio. Iteret Safety if you choose to use the iteret to do research, be safe. the iteret is a valuable source of iformatio ad should be used resposibly. talk to your parets/guardias about iteret safety, ad use the followig guidelies whe goig olie: choose a user ame that does ot reveal your ame, geder, age, or other persoal details. ever give ayoe private iformatio. do ot aswer s from stragers. if someoe asks you to keep your relatioship with him or her a secret, stop talkig to the perso ad immediately tell your paret/guardia. do ot or post pictures or files. the above is ot a complete list because o list ca possibly cover all dagerous situatios. use your commo sese ad be careful. Who ca Help You with this course? Takig a idepedet study course is differet from takig a course i a classroom. Istead of relyig o the teacher to tell you to complete a learig activity or a assigmet, you must tell yourself to be resposible for your learig ad for meetig deadlies. There are, however, two people who ca help you be successful i this course: your tutor/marker ad your learig parter. Your tutor/marker Tutor/markers are experieced educators who tutor ISO studets ad mark assigmets ad examiatios. Whe you are havig difficulty with somethig i this course, cotact your tutor/marker, who is there to help you. Your tutor/marker s ame ad cotact iformatio were set to you with this course. You ca also obtai this iformatio i the Who Is My Tutor/Marker? sectio of the distace learig website at < * a ote about Iteret sites: all of the urls i the course were workig whe this course was writte, but, sice iteret sites come ad go, you might fid that some of these sites are o loger active or appropriate. if that happes, you could use a search egie (e.g., < to fid the iformatio that you are lookig for. 6 G r a d e 1 0 S c i e c e

17 Your learig Parter A learig parter is someoe you choose who will help you lear. It may be someoe who kows somethig about sciece, but it does t have to be. A learig parter could be someoe else who is takig this course, a teacher, a paret or guardia, a siblig, a fried, or aybody else who ca help you. Most importatly, a learig parter should be someoe with whom you feel comfortable ad who will support you as you work through this course. Your learig parter ca help you keep o schedule with your coursework, read the course with you, check your work, look at ad respod to your learig activities, or help you make sese of assigmets. You may eve study for your examiatios with your learig parter. If you ad your learig parter are takig the same course, however, your assigmet work should ot be idetical. Plagiarism Plagiarism is a big deal with serious cosequeces, so it s importat that you uderstad what it is ad how to avoid it. What is plagiarism? i brief, plagiarism is takig someoe s ideas or words ad presetig them as if they are your ow. How ca you avoid plagiarism? Begi early. research takes time. allow eough time to search for, evaluate, ad read sources, ad to get help if you eed it. always documet your sources immediately. Preset your research by quotig ad paraphrasig. Whe you use a quote, you use the exact same words with quotatio marks, ad you idicate exactly where it came from. Whe you paraphrase, you rewrite a author s idea usig your ow words ad you do ot use quotatio marks (but you also make sure to state clearly whose idea it is). lear how to use differet citatio styles. Give credit where credit is due. ever preted someoe else s idea is your ow. i t r o d u c t i o 7

18 How Will You kow How Well You are learig? You will kow how well you are learig i this course by how well you complete the learig activities, assigmets, ad examiatios. learig activities The learig activities i this course will help you to review ad practise what you have leared i the lessos. You will ot submit the completed learig activities to your tutor/marker. Istead, you will complete the learig activities ad compare your resposes to those provided i the Learig Activity Aswer Key foud at the ed of each module. Make sure you complete the learig activities. Doig so will ot oly help you to practise what you have leared, but will also prepare you to complete your assigmets ad the examiatios successfully. May of the questios o the examiatios will be similar to the questios i the learig activities. Remember that you will ot submit learig activities to your tutor/marker. assigmets Each module i this course cotais assigmets, which you will complete ad submit to your tutor/marker for assessmet. The assigmets are worth a total of 60 percet of your fial course mark. The tutor/marker will mark your assigmets ad retur them to you. Remember to keep all marked assigmets util you have fiished the course so that you ca use them to study for your examiatios. Midterm ad Fial Examiatios This course cotais a midterm examiatio ad a fial examiatio. The midterm examiatio is based o Modules 1 ad 2, ad is worth 20 percet of your fial mark i this course. You will write the midterm examiatio whe you have completed Module 2. The fial examiatio is based o Modules 3 ad 4, ad is worth 20 percet of your fial mark i this course. You will write the fial examiatio whe you have completed Module 4. The two examiatios are worth a total of 40 percet of your fial course mark. You will write both examiatios uder supervisio. 8 G r a d e 1 0 S c i e c e

19 To do well o each examiatio, you should review all the work you have completed from the modules, icludig all learig activities ad assigmets. Practice Examiatios ad Aswer Keys To help you succeed i your examiatios, you will have a opportuity to complete a Practice Midterm Examiatio ad a Practice Fial Examiatio. These examiatios, alog with the aswer keys, are foud i the Studet Dowloads sectio of the distace learig website at < If you do ot have access to the Iteret, cotact the Idepedet Study Optio office at to obtai a copy of the practice examiatios. These practice examiatios are similar to the actual examiatios you will be writig. The aswer keys eable you to check your aswers. This will give you the cofidece you eed to do well o your examiatios. Requestig Your Examiatios You are resposible for makig arragemets to have the examiatios set to your proctor from the ISO office. Please make arragemets before you fiish Module 2 to write the midterm examiatio. Likewise, you should begi arragig for your fial examiatio before you fiish Module 4. To write your examiatios, you eed to make the followig arragemets: If you are attedig school, ask your school s ISO school facilitator to request your examiatio. Do this at least three weeks before you are ready to write your examiatio. For more iformatio o examiatio procedures, please cotact your ISO school facilitator or visit the Gradig ad Evaluatio sectio of the distace learig website at < If you are ot attedig school, check the Examiatio Request Form for optios available to you. The form was mailed to you with this course. Three weeks before you are ready to write the examiatio, fill i the Examiatio Request Form ad mail, fax, or it to ISO Office 555 Mai Street Wikler MB R6W 1C4 Fax: Toll-Free Telephoe: distace.learig@gov.mb.ca I t r o d u c t i o 9

20 How Much time Will You eed to complete this course? Learig through idepedet study has several advatages over learig i the classroom. You are i charge of how you lear ad you ca choose how quickly you will complete the course. You ca complete as may lessos as you wish i a sigle sessio. You do ot have to wait for your teacher or classmates. From the date of your registratio, you have a maximum of 12 moths to complete this course, but the pace at which you proceed is up to you. Read the followig suggestios o how to pace yourself. chart a: Semester 1 If you wat to start the course i September ad complete it i Jauary, you ca follow the timelie suggested below. Module completio date Module 1 Module 2 Midterm Examiatio Module 3 Module 4 Fial Examiatio Ed of September Middle of ovember Ed of ovember Middle of december Ed of december Middle of Jauary 10 G r a d e 1 0 S c i e c e

21 Chart B: Semester 2 If you wat to start the course i February ad complete it i Jue, you ca follow the timelie suggested below. Module Completio Date Module 1 Module 2 Midterm Examiatio Module 3 Module 4 Fial Examiatio Ed of February Ed of March Begiig of April Ed of April Middle of May Ed of May Chart C: Full School Year (Not Semestered) If you wat to start the course i September ad complete it i Jue, you ca follow the timelie suggested below. Module Completio Date Module 1 Module 2 Midterm Examiatio Module 3 Module 4 Fial Examiatio Middle of October Ed of December Middle of Jauary Middle of March Middle of May Ed of May I t r o d u c t i o 11

22 timelies Do ot wait util the last miute to complete your work, sice your tutor/marker may ot be available to mark it immediately. It may take a few weeks for your tutor/marker to assess your work ad retur it to you or your school. if you eed this course to graduate this school year, remember to schedule ad complete your fial examiatio by May 31. Whe ad How Will You Submit completed assigmets? Whe to Submit assigmets While workig o this course, you will submit completed assigmets to your tutor/marker four times. The followig chart shows exactly what assigmets you will be submittig at the ed of each module. Submissio Submissio of Assigmets assigmets You Will Submit Module 1: Dyamics of Ecosystems Module 1 cover Sheet assigmet 1.1: Biochemical cycles assigmet 1.2: toxi ivestigatio assigmet 1.3: Predator-Prey iteractios assigmet 1.4: Hydroelectric Power decisios Module 2: Chemistry i Actio Module 2 cover Sheet assigmet 2.1: atoms ad ioic compouds assigmet 2.2: atomic Bodig assigmet 2.3: coservatio of Mass assigmet 2.4: chemical reactios assigmet 2.5: acids ad Bases assigmet 2.6: chemistry i techology ad the Eviromet Module 3: I Motio Module 3 cover Sheet assigmet 3.1: iertia ad the urestraied Passeger assigmet 3.2: the lik betwee Force ad Motio assigmet 3.3: Speed ad Brakig distace Module 4: Weather Dyamics Module 4 cover Sheet assigmet 4.1: Eergy Flow assigmet 4.2: research Project assigmet 4.3: climate chage discussio 12 G r a d e 1 0 S c i e c e

23 How to Submit assigmets I this course, you have the choice of submittig your assigmets either by mail or electroically. Mail: Each time you mail somethig, you must iclude the prit versio of the applicable Cover Sheet (foud at the ed of this Itroductio). Electroic submissio: Each time you submit somethig electroically, you must iclude the electroic versio of the applicable Cover Sheet (foud i the Studet Dowloads sectio of the distace learig website at < or you ca sca the Cover Sheet located at the ed of this Itroductio. Complete the iformatio at the top of each Cover Sheet before submittig it alog with your assigmets. Submittig Your Assigmets by Mail If you choose to mail your completed assigmets, please photocopy/sca all the materials first so that you will have a copy of your work i case your package goes missig. You will eed to place the applicable module Cover Sheet ad assigmets i a evelope, ad address it to ISO Tutor/Marker 555 Mai Street Wikler MB R6W 1C4 Your tutor/marker will mark your work ad retur it to you by mail. Submittig Your Assigmets Electroically Assigmet submissio optios vary by course. Sometimes assigmets ca be submitted electroically ad sometimes they must be submitted by mail. Specific istructios o how to submit assigmets were set to you with this course. You ca also obtai this iformatio i the Gradig ad Evaluatio sectio of the distace learig website at < If you are submittig assigmets electroically, make sure you have saved copies of them before you sed them. That way, you ca refer to your assigmets whe you discuss them with your tutor/marker. Also, if the origial had-i assigmets are lost, you are able to resubmit them. Your tutor/marker will mark your work ad retur it to you electroically. the idepedet Study optio office does ot provide techical support for hardwarerelated issues. if troubleshootig is required, cosult a professioal computer techicia. i t r o d u c t i o 13

24 What are the Guide Graphics For? Guide graphics are used throughout this course to idetify ad guide you i specific tasks. Each graphic has a specific purpose, as described below. Lesso Focus: This graphic appears at the begiig of each lesso, idicatig the specific learig outcomes targeted for the lesso. Key Words: This graphic also appears at the begiig of each lesso, where there is a list of ew words ad terms that will be defied withi the lesso. Learig Parter: Ask your learig parter to help you with this task. Learig Activity: Complete this learig activity to help you review or practise what you have leared ad to prepare for your assigmets or exams. You will ot sed learig activities to your tutor/marker. Check Your Work: This graphic remids you to check your work usig the aswer key. Assigmet: Complete this assigmet to the best of your ability. It will be assessed by your tutor/marker as part of your fial mark for the course. Cautio: Be careful whe coductig this learig activity or experimet. Submit Assigmet: It is ow time to submit your assigmet for tutor/marker assessmet. You will be sedig i your assigmets at the ed of every module. Exam: Prepare to write your midterm or fial exam. 14 G r a d e 1 0 S c i e c e

25 Video: View a video. Laboratory Activity: Complete a experiemet at this time. Remember: If you have questios or eed help at ay poit durig this course, cotact your tutor/marker or ask your learig parter for help. Good luck with the course! i t r o d u c t i o 15

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27 G r a d e 1 0 S c i e c e ( 2 0 F ) Module 1 Cover Sheet Please place o top of your assigmets to assist i proper recordig of your work. Sed to: iso Tutor/Marker 555 Mai Street Wikler MB r6w 1c4 ame: Phoe: address: city/tow: Postal code: attedig School: q o q Yes School ame: For Office Use Oly Module 1: Dyamics of Ecosystems date received: date retured: Marks q assigmet 1.1: Biochemical cycles /7 q assigmet 1.2: Toxi ivestigatio /14 q assigmet 1.3: Predator-Prey iteractios /14 q assigmet 1.4: Hydroelectric Power decisios /22 Total: /57 remarks:

28 Assigmet 1.2: Toxi Ivestigatio Rubric Cotet Legth ad Style Sources Used Total 7 marks 3 marks 4 marks describe how humas use the substace. (2 marks) describe how the substace affects huma ad/or evirometal health. (3 marks) explai how people ca avoid or reduce exposure to the substace. (2 marks) Report: at least 1 typewritte page, doublespaced, usig a fot o larger tha 12. PowerPoit: at least 4 slides. Text is i a fot ad colour that is easy to read. Uses backgrouds, trasitios, ad pictures to ehace the presetatio. Poster: O 8½" x 11" paper. clear title ad subheadigs. Text is orgaized ito sectios. Uses colour ad pictures to capture attetio. iclude a Works cited page at the ed of your report that details all of your research resources. Books: iclude the title, author, ad publisher. Iteret Resources: iclude the Page ame, author, ad UrL. Iterviews: iclude the ame of each perso you iterview as well as their occupatio ad place of work. /14

29 G r a d e 1 0 S c i e c e ( 2 0 F ) Module 2 Cover Sheet Please place o top of your assigmets to assist i proper recordig of your work. Sed to: iso Tutor/Marker 555 Mai Street Wikler MB r6w 1c4 ame: Phoe: address: city/tow: Postal code: attedig School: q o q Yes School ame: For Office Use Oly Module 2: Chemistry i Actio date received: date retured: Marks q assigmet 2.1: atoms ad ioic compouds /41 q assigmet 2.2: atomic Bodig /31 q assigmet 2.3: coservatio of Mass /23 q assigmet 2.4: chemical reactios /35 q assigmet 2.5: acids ad Bases /16 q assigmet 2.6: chemistry i Techology ad the eviromet /24 Total: /170 remarks:

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31 G r a d e 1 0 S c i e c e ( 2 0 F ) Module 3 Cover Sheet Please place o top of your assigmets to assist i proper recordig of your work. Sed to: iso Tutor/Marker 555 Mai Street Wikler MB r6w 1c4 ame: Phoe: address: city/tow: Postal code: attedig School: q o q Yes School ame: For Office Use Oly Module 3: I Motio date received: date retured: Marks q assigmet 3.1: iertia ad the Urestraied Passeger /14 q assigmet 3.2: The Lik betwee Force ad Motio /27 q assigmet 3.3: Speed ad Brakig distace /15 Total: /56 remarks:

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33 G r a d e 1 0 S c i e c e ( 2 0 F ) Module 4 Cover Sheet Please place o top of your assigmets to assist i proper recordig of your work. Sed to: iso Tutor/Marker 555 Mai Street Wikler MB r6w 1c4 ame: Phoe: address: city/tow: Postal code: attedig School: q o q Yes School ame: For Office Use Oly Module 4: Weather Dyamics date received: date retured: Marks q assigmet 4.1: eergy Flow /12 q assigmet 4.2: research Project /20 q assigmet 4.3: climate chage discussio /20 Total: /52 remarks:

34 Assigmet 4.2: Research Project Rubric Cotet Legth ad Style Sources Used Total 14 marks 3 marks 3 marks provides details of the evet (ame of the evet, date, time, locatio) (2 marks) Report: at least 1 typewritte page, doublespaced, usig a fot o larger tha 12. iclude a Works cited page at the ed of your report that details all of your research resources. provides the timelie of evet (3 marks) provides social, ecoomic, ad evirometal impacts (6 marks) provides aalysis of aftermath ad lessos leared (3 marks) Power poit: at least 5 slides. Text is i a fot ad colour that is easy to read. Uses backgrouds, trasitios, ad pictures to ehace the presetatio. Poster: O 8½" x 11" paper. clear title ad subheadigs. Text is orgaized ito sectios. Uses colour ad pictures to capture attetio. Books: iclude the title, author, ad publisher. Iteret Resources: iclude the page ame, author, ad UrL. Iterviews: iclude the ame of each perso you iterview as well as their occupatio ad place of work. /20

35 G r a d e 1 0 S c i e c e ( 2 0 F ) Module 1 dyamics of ecosystems This module cotais the followig: itroductio Lesso 1: itroductio to ecology Lesso 2: eergy Flow Lesso 3: The cycles of Life Lesso 4: disturbig the carbo cycle Lesso 5: disturbig the itroge cycle Lesso 6: Bioaccumulatio Lesso 7: Populatio Growth Lesso 8: Factors Limitig Populatio Growth Lesso 9: Populatio dyamics Lesso 10: a Populatio dyamics case Study Lesso 11: Biodiversity Lesso 12: Species extictio Lesso 13: Species itroductio: a case Study Lesso 14: decisio Makig ad evirometal issues Module 1 Learig activity aswer Key

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37 M o d u L e 1 : i T r o d u c T i o Welcome to Module 1: Dyamics of Ecosystems. This module will give you the chace to lear about the fasciatig world of ecosystems. A ecosystem is a commuity of livig orgaisms ad the physical eviromet with which they iteract. This topic is very importat today because ecosystems are beig seriously threateed by huma activity. You will apply your kowledge by examiig a case study. At the ed of this module, you will use the decisio-makig model to propose a course of actio regardig a importat evirometal issue. Learig activities There are several learig activities placed throughout this module, which will help you to practise usig the iformatio you will lear. The aswer keys for each of these learig activities are foud i Module 1 Learig Activity Aswer Key. Check the aswer key carefully ad make correctios to your work. assigmets I order to complete this first module, you eed to study Lessos 1 to 14, ad complete the followig four assigmets, which you will be sedig to your tutor/marker whe you have completed the module. The istructios o how to sed them i are i the course itroductio ad at the ed of the module. Assessmet Checklist q Lesso 3 q Lesso 6 q Lesso 10 q Lesso 14 assigmet 1.1: Biochemical cycles assigmet 1.2: Toxi ivestigatio assigmet 1.3: Predator-Prey iteractios assigmet 1.4: Hydroelectric Power decisios These assigmets will be worth a portio of the 60 percet of the total marks you will receive for assigmets i this course. M o d u l e 1 : d y a m i c s o f e c o s y s t e m s 3

38 What Will You eed? I order to complete this module, you will eed access to the followig resources. required resources metric ruler, pecil, ad two coloured pecils of your choice to complete the graph i Assigmet 1.3 optioal resources A computer with Iteret access would be beeficial throughout this course, especially to complete research assigmets like Assigmet 1.2. It would also help you to access additioal iformatio that is provided o websites that are listed throughout the course. All URLs listed i this course were workig whe this course was writte. However, sice some Iteret sites chage or disappear, you might fid that some of these sites are o loger available or appropriate. If that happes, you could use a search egie (e.g., <google.ca>) to fid the iformatio that you are lookig for. A computer with a word processor like Microsoft Word would be beeficial to help you complete assigmets, icludig Assigmet 1.2, where you will have the optio of writig a report. A computer with presetatio ad slide software like Microsoft PowerPoit would be beeficial to help you complete assigmets, icludig Assigmet 1.2, where you will have the optio of creatig a slide presetatio. Access to a library, such as a public library or school library, would be beeficial, especially if you do ot have access to a computer with Iteret access. Access to a library would help you complete research assigmets like Assigmet G r a d e 1 0 S c i e c e

39 L e S S o 1 : i T r o d u c T i o T o e c o L o G Y Lesso Focus After completig this lesso, you will be able to q explai the differece betwee ecology, ecologist, ad ecosystem q provide examples of abiotic ad biotic factors q explai the differece betwee habitat ad iche q describe the roles of producers, cosumers, ad decomposers Key Words ecology ecologist ecosystem abiotic factors biotic factors produce cosumer decomposer habitat iche itroductio Welcome to Grade 10 Sciece! This first lesso will re-itroduce you to the field of ecology ad to several key cocepts that you may have covered i previous grades. M o d u l e 1 : d y a m i c s o f e c o s y s t e m s 5

40 Settig the Scee Daw breaks over Lake Wiipeg. The early morig sulight sparkles i the calm water. The plaitive call of a loo ca be heard over a chorus of bullfrogs ad red-wiged blackbirds. A moose ad her calf wade quietly i the muddy shallows, breakfastig o water lilies ad podweed. Jewel-like dragoflies chase mosquitoes alog the water s edge as a sappig turtle sus itself o a rock. A eagle circles lazily overhead. Miows dart i ad out of wild rice i the shallows, while a orther pike lurks i the deeper water hopig for a meal. Two caoeists survey the scee ad quietly remark that it is goig to be a beautiful summer day. All the livig ad o-livig thigs described i this scee are ivolved i delicately balaced iteractios with oe aother. How do wild rice, sappig turtles, mosquitoes, ad the water of Lake Wiipeg iteract? iteractios amog Livig Thigs The brach of biology that deals with the study of the iteractios amog orgaisms ad with their eviromet is kow as ecology. (The word eco comes from the Greek word oikos, which meas house.) Scietists who study ecology are called ecologists. Because our plaet has may diverse plats, aimals, ad eviromets, ecologists ted to study smaller areas called ecosystems. A ecosystem cosists of the physical eviromet (abiotic factors) ad all the livig thigs (biotic factors) withi it. Examples of abiotic factors i the physical eviromet iclude water, sulight, oxyge, soil, utriets, ad temperature. Examples of biotic factors i a ecosystem iclude the plats, aimals, fugi, ad bacteria that live withi it. Each type of livig thig i a ecosystem has a place i which it lives. This is kow as its habitat. The combiatio of the job a orgaism does ad the 6 G r a d e 1 0 S c i e c e

41 place i which it lives is called its iche. What are some jobs that orgaisms do? Plats ad algae trap the eergy i sulight ad produce their ow food. Because of this, they are kow as producers. Aimals are cosumers sice they caot make their ow food ad must obtai their food from producers or other cosumers. Bacteria ad fugi are decomposers. They eat dead plat ad aimal remais ad covert them ito substaces that ca be reused. They are the recyclers of the ecosystem. Learig Activity 1.1: Itroductio to Ecology Remember: You do ot had i Learig activities. 1. defie ecology, ecologists, ad ecosystems. How are they related to oe aother? 2. cosider the Lake Wiipeg ecosystem described i the itroductio. Write a descriptive paragraph that illustrates a local ecosystem with which you are familiar. it could be a local park, your yard, a forest, or a pod. Be sure to iclude a variety of abiotic ad biotic factors i your descriptive paragraph, as well iteractios amog them. 3. How does a iche differ from a habitat? 4. What would happe to a ecosystem if all the decomposers were destroyed? 5. oe studet argues that humas are producers because they produce their ow food by growig crops ad raisig livestock. do you agree? Why or why ot? Check the Learig Activity Aswer Key foud at the ed of this module. Summary At first glace, a ecosystem may appear simple, eve borig. Upo closer examiatio, you will otice the wide variety of livig thigs preset i the ecosystem. Abiotic factors become apparet, as do the iteractios of orgaisms with oe aother, ad with the physical eviromet. Ecology truly is the study of the houses of Earth. M o d u l e 1 : d y a m i c s o f e c o s y s t e m s 7