104 Immersive Learning Simulation Strategies: A Real-world Example. Richard Clark, NextQuestion Deborah Stone, DLS Group, Inc.

Transcription

1 104 Immersive Learning Simulation Strategies: A Real-world Example Richard Clark, NextQuestion Deborah Stone, DLS Group, Inc.

2 IMMERSIVE LEARNING SIMULATION STRATEGIES Strategy Rationale Potential Approaches Your Own Efforts 1. Train the whole task 2. Make the terminal goal explicit 3. Donʹt over /undersimplify 4. Keep the simulation authentic Part to whole sequencing for learning simple tasks Whole to part sequencing for learning complex ones Problem solving is goal based Goals are often invisible Start, calibrate effort, or persist (Clark, 2006) Attention, relevance, satisfaction, confidence (Keller, 1987) Match the simulation and the job closely Multiple experiences Know your place in the ballpark Facilitate recall Specify what winning means Match feedback to what exemplars do Start with a prototypical degree of difficulty Increase diversity and complexity Prototype and usability test to fine tune complexity and pacing Exemplar performance Rules of game = rules of thumb Time constraints Limited access to information Perceived criticality Session 104 Immersive Learning Simulation Strategies: A Real-world Example Page 25

3 Strategy Rationale Potential Approaches Your Own Efforts 5. Provide scaffolding for domainspecific problem solving 6. Use a short/long leash progressio n 7. Help learners index experience s to apply them later Training wheels Too many choices are bad for novices Exemplary performance is about making smart choices We remember and apply what we encode Learners need help encoding Demonstrations that provide guidance about what is hard Access to information Fading scaffolding for the assessment Supporting experts Linear to increasingly openended simulations Computer or expertmediated assessment and feedback Formal planning before starting Time outs during After action reviews following Change the surface features Session 104 Immersive Learning Simulation Strategies: A Real-world Example Page 25

4 SPEAKER BIOS Deborah Stone CEO DLS Group, Inc. Deborah Stone, CPT, specializes in improving performance by leveraging cutting-edge technologies based on proven research and best practices to real-world performance solutions. She is the co-recipient of over 20 professional awards, including Microsoft's Award of Excellence for the Outstanding Performance Support System. Deborah codeveloped and was a faculty member at ISPI s first HPT Institute. She has also presented at numerous Guild events and is the co-author of two book chapters: one on cognitive task analysis (Handbook of improving workplace performance, Foshay & Silber, eds. 2006), and the other on performance support systems (Handbook of human performance technology: Improving individual and organizational performance worldwide, Pershing, ed.). Richard Clark Programmer and Instructional Designer NextQuestion Consulting A specialist in bleeding edge" technical topics, Richard has taught programming for Apple Computer and General Magic, kept HP's worldwide sales force current, and works with clients such as Caltrans, Autodesk, and Salesforce to tackle major instructional challenges. He holds a master s degree from San Diego State University and has coauthored articles with Dr. Allison Rossett. Session 104 Immersive Learning Simulation Strategies: A Real-world Example - Page 26

5 CITATIONS Anthony, M., Chandler, T., & Heiser, E. (2009, November). A framework for promoting high cognitive performance in instructional games. Paper presented at the Interservice/Industry Training Simulation and Education Conference (I/ITSEC), Orlando, FL. Clark, R. C. (2009). Scenario-based e-learning update. Paper presented at the Armed Forces Chapter of the International Society for Performance Improvement. Clark, R. (2009). Accelerating expertise with scenario-based learning. T&D, 63(1), Clark, R. E. (2006). Motivating individuals, teams, and organizations. In J. A. Pershing (Ed.), Handbook of human performance technology: Principles, practices, and potential (3rd ed., pp ). San Francisco, CA: Pfieffer. Dean, P. J. (1997). Thomas F. Gilbert, Ph. D: Engineering performance improvement with or without training. In P. J. Dean & D. E. Ripley (Eds.), Performance improvement Series: Vol. 1. Performance improvement pathfinders: Models for organizational learning systems (pp ). Silver Spring, MD: International Society for Performance Improvement. Gaba, D. M. (2004). The future vision of simulation in health care. Quality and Safety in Health Care, 13(suppl_1), i2-10. doi: /qshc Keller, J. M. (1987). The systematic process of motivational design. Performance and Instruction, 26(9/10), 1-8. Lehrer, J. (2009). How we decide. Boston, MA: Mariner. Levitz, J. (2010, April 7). UPS thinks out of the box on driver training, Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from Merrill, M. D. (2002). First principles of instruction. Educational Technology Research & Development, 50(3), Nelson, B. C., & Erlandson, B. E. (2008). Managing cognitive load in educational multi-user virtual environments: reflection on design practice. Educational Technology Research & Development, 56(5-6), Raybourn, E. M., Deagle, E., Mendini, K., & Heneghan, J. (2005, November). Adaptive thinking & leadership simulation game training for special forces officers. Paper presented at the Interservice/ Industry Training, Simulation and Education Conference Proceedings, Orlando, FL. Sawyer, B., & Smith, P. (2008, February). Serious games taxonomy. Paper presented at the The Serious Games Summit at the Game Developers Conference San Francisco, CA. Smith, P. E. (1987). Simulating the classroom with media and computers. Simulation and Games, 18(3), doi: DOI: / Squire, K. D. (2008). Video game-based learning: An emerging paradigm for instruction. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 21(2), doi: /piq Session 104 Immersive Learning Simulation Strategies: A Real-world Example - Page 27

6 Thorndike, E. L., & Woodworth, R. S. (1901). The influence of improvement in one mental function upon the efficiency of other functions. Psychological Review, 8( ). Villachica, SW., & Stone, D. (2010). Immersive learning simulation strategies for building expertise: A real-world example. Paper presented at the 2010 International Performance Improvement Conference, San Francisco, CA. Wexler, S., Aldrich, C., Johannigman, J., Oehlert, M., Quinn, C., & van Barneveld, A. (2007). Immersive learning simulations: The demand for, and demands of, simulations, scenarios, and serious games. Santa Rosa, CA: The elearning Guild. Wexler, S., Corti, K., Derryberry, A., Quinn, C., & van Barneveld, A. (2008). Immersive learning simulations: The demand for, and demands of, simulations, scenarios, and serious games. Santa Rosa, CA: The elearning Guild. Session 104 Immersive Learning Simulation Strategies: A Real-world Example - Page 28